This paper aims to probe the effect of SQ in the rat liver which pretreated with CP was examined by transmission electron microscope. In the A group, the difference between the normal and the treated groups were not detected at 24 hours, but the few mitochondria were expanded at the 72 hours. In the B group, the cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were partially destructed and attached ribosomes were remarkably decreased at 24 hours. A number of the mitochondria were dilated and increased in number, the filamentous materials also detected at 72 hours. These results suggest that SQ is not only concerned with construction of the membrane of the cell organelles but also decreased the cellular toxicity in the hepatic cells.

This study was designed to observe the ultrastructure of synoviocytes which are concerned with phagocytic function in the knee joint of the human. The synovia were dissected and were fixed for two hours in 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde solution and processed and finally infused in 2.3 M sucrose and 20% PVP solution. The tissues were cut with the cryoultramicrotome and labelled with primary antibodies (anti-tubulin, anti-vimentin) and secondary antibody-6 nm colloidal gold particles. The tissues were observed under transmission electronmicroscope. The results were followings. 1. In phagocytic synovial cells, the distributions of tubulin were cytoplasm, especially around vacuoles. 2. In phagocytic synovial cells, the distributions of vimentin were cytoplasm. 3. Both tubulin and vimentin were not located inside of vacuoles. On the basis of above findings, it is obvious that the phagocytic functions are concerned with tubulin, and the phagocytic synovial cells contain vimentin.

검은과부거미의 독 분비장치는 두흉부에 있는 가위턱과 한쌍의 독선으로 이루어져 있다. 독선은 한겹의 얇은 장막과 횡문근 섬유의 다발에 의해 둘러싸여 있었고. 근육층을 따라서 운동신경의 축삭 돌기와 근섬유 사이에 신경근육간 연접이 형성되어 있었다. 분비상피를 이루는 단층 원주상피세포에는 복잡한 수지상의 돌기가 형성되었고, 독선 전체가 단포상선을 이루고 있음이 관찰되었다. 상피의 분비면은 기저막으로부터 선의 내강쪽으로 확장된 세포질 돌기에 의해 표면적이 현저히 증가되었고, 상피의 내강면에는 조밀한 미세융모가 형성되어 있었다. 독성 분비물은 상피세포 내에서 두 종류의 분비과립으로부터 생성되었다. 분비기동안 이들 분비과립은 과적의 형태로 변형, 농축된 후, 이출분비의 형태로 내강으로 방출되었다. 방출 후의 기저부 상피세포들은 고도의 증식과정을 거쳐 원주상의 상피세포로 재생됨이 확인되었다.

The spermatogenesis of Korean slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi are observed by electron microscope. The results are as follows: The spermatogenesis of Korean slug, Incilaria fruhstorferi, is processed through the five stages; Spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spematocyte, spermatid and spermatozoon. The spermiogenesis, the differentiation of the spermatid, is also processed through the five stages. In stage 1, the numerous and round mitochomdria in the cytoplasm are moved around the nucleus of spermatid. In stage 2, the nucleus of spermatid transformed into the oval shape, and the oval nucleus is surrounded by many rough endoplasmic reticulum. In stage 3, the oval nucleus of spermatid is changed to be curved as an arrow, and then two centrioles appeared behind nucleus. The centriole is sucked into the cytoplasm. and almost all the chromatins are changed into heterochromatins. In stage 4, the nucleus of spermatid are transformed into the oval shape, when the lamella plate chromatin of spermatid form in the nucleoplasm. In stage 5, the oval nucleus is then transformed into the stream-line shape when the lamella plate chromatin of spematid gradually concentrated in the nucleus, and long axoneme ($65{\mu}m$ in length) form from the distal centriole. Two long mitochondria in the middle piece and the main piece of spermatozoon array spirally along a long axoneme, and the mitochondria matrix is gradually filled with electron-dense glycogen particles ($0.1{\mu}m$ in size). The axoneme of spermatozoon consists of typical 9+2 microtubular pattern.

This study analysed the transport properties of bladder mucosa known as the typical system of 'tight epithelia' by using TEM observation with both rapid freeze-fracture electron microscopy and thin-section method and mainly analysed the cellular characteristics of turtle bladder epithelial cells. The bladder epithelium, like other tight epithelia, consists of a heterogenous population of cells. The majority of the mucosal cells are the granular cells and may function primarily in the process of active $Na^+$ reabsorption in turtle bladder. The remaining two types of cells are rich in mitochondria and is believed to be res-ponsible for a single major transport system, namely, $H^+$ transport by A-type of cell and urinary $HCO_{3}^-$ secretion by B-type of cell. As viewed in freeze-fracture electron micrograph, the tight junctions form a continuous tight seal around the epithelial cells, thus restricting diffusion in tight epithelia. In addition, the apical surface membranes have a population of rod-shaped intramembranous particles (IMPs). It is believed that these IMPs probably represent the components of the proton pump. However, it is likely that these characteristics of the apical transporter remain to be clarified in tight epithelial cells.

누에의 사료에 대한 섭식성 반응이 다른 2계통에 대한 두부의 형태적 차이를 전자현미경적 관찰을 하였다 이들 2계통의 두부와 촉각의 형태적 차이는 변이가 심하고 다양하다. 섭식성 반응이 높은 계통에 있어서는 소시지의 돌기가 매우 잘 발달되어 있는 반면 섭식성 반응이 낮은 계통에 있어서는 형태적으로 퇴화되어 있다. 또한 촉각의 셋째마디의 유병돌기가 발달되어 있지 않으며 사료에 대한 섭식 반응이 낮고 극단적으로 퇴화되어 있는 개체는 사료를 감지하지 못하여 결국에는 굶어 죽은 것으로 사료된다.

한국재래산양의 췌장내분비세포에 대해 몇종의 항혈청을 이용하여 면역전자현미경적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 췌도에서는 glucagon (A), insulin (B), somatostatin (D) 및 pancreatic polypeptides (PP-I과 PP-II) 등 5종의 세포를 동정하였다. 이 중 A, B 및 D세포의 정태학적 특징은 다른포유동물의 그것과 유사하였고 D세포는 serotonin 면역성이 인정되었다. PP세포는 과립의 형태학적 특징으로 보아 두가지 형태가 인정되었으며, 제I형은 원형인 동질성의 과립 ($220{\sim}440nm$)을 가지며, 과립내용물과 한계막 사이에는 얇은 halo를 보였으나 제II형은 과립이 다형태성을 보이며 ($240{\sim}440nm$ major axis, $150{\sim}200nm$ minor axis) 과립내용물과 한계막 사이는 거의 밀착되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 한국재래산양의 췌도에는 A, B, D, PP-I 및 PP-II 등 5형의 세포로 구성되어 있으며, 이 중 PP-I세포는 다른 포유류의 PP세포에, PP-II세포는 enterochromaffin cell에 상당할 것으로 생각되었다.

The differentiation of nail matrix and fine structure of matrix cells were studied with light and electron microscope using specimens from nails of thumb finger in Korean fetuses 14 to 24 weeks old. Fetal nail matrix consisted of two horizontal layers, thicker ventral and thinner dorsal matrices, originating from invagination of epidermis in proximal nail field. Matrix being generally thicker in its distal region than the apex became gradually thickened with increase of the fetal age. Each matrix consisted of single layer of basal cells and multiple layers of squamous cells which are arranged close to and parallel to the central axis of the nail mairix. The process of keratinization of fetal nail matrix was noted to be occured concurrently in the ventral and dorsal matrices along the central axis of matrix toward distal and dorsal direction. Squamous cells became matured with accumulation of tonofilaments, increase of keratohyalin granules, discharge of membrane coating granules, and narrowing of intercellular spaces, thickening of plasma membrane and finally being transformed into horny cells of nail plate. Horny cells of nail plate filled with fibrous elements in the electron dense amorphous substance. These findings of keratinization process of fetal nail matrix appeared to be similar to those of keratinization in epidermis and inner root sheath of the hair. In the nail matrix, however, corresponding region to the keratogenous zone of growing hair follicle was not observed. Vacuolated squamous cells of nail matrix seen on light microscopy was considered to be artefactual product, but squamous cells with condensed small nuclei rarely found adjacent nail plate was considered to be one of the squamous cells with unknown function. Proximal end of nail plate was observed on dorsal surface of nail field distal to the proximal nail fold at 14 and 16 weeks old human embryos. Proximal prolongation of the proximal end of nail plate was occured with advancing fetal age and afterward 21 weeks nail plate invaded into nail matrix. Melanin granule containing cells and Merkel cells were present only on the basal layer of dorsal nail matirx.

A comprehensive methodology to characterize the interfacial reaction products of $SiC_p/2024$ Al composites is introduced on the basis of the experimental results obtained using XRD, SEM and TEM. XRD performed on the electrochemically extracted $SiC_p$ and bulk $SiC_p/2024$ Al composite have shown that the interfacial reaction products consist of $Al_{4}C_3$ having hexagonal crystallographic structure, pure eutectic Si having diamond cubic crystallographic structure, and $CuAl_2$, having tetragonal crystalloraphic structure, respectively. According to the images observed by SEM, $Al_{4}C_3$, which has been reported to have needle shape, has a hexagonal platelet-shape and eutectic Si is found to have a dendritic shape. In addition eutectic $CuAl_2$, was observed to form near interface and/or along the grain boundaries. In order to confirm the results obtained by XRD, the primitive cell volume and reciprocal lattice height of such interfacial reaction products were calculated using the data obtained from convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns, and then compared with theoretical values.