To investigate the research of the tumor seeker using liposomes with negatively stained. The fine structure and size in liposomes composed of PC, DSPC, DAPC and SM phospholipid were observed. And the yield of vesicle affected with sonication by mechanical force were determined. The results were as follows. 1. The stain of 2% UA are obtained a good resolution from electron microscopic observation to compare the negatively liposomes with PTA, AM and UA solution. 2. The fine structure of liposomes except DAPC, PC and CH alone samples could be observed from EM experiment of liposomes composed of PC, DSPC, DAPC and SM phospholipid. 3. The results of experiment from 10, 20, 40 and 60 times sonication with 30sec, prepared 0.1mM NTA-SM-liposomes were obtained unilamella vesicles from groups of multilamella vesicles of phospholipid. 4. About 50nm diameter liposomes obtained through membration filtration step to prepare homogenized liposomes.

The cells of Campylobacter jejuni treated with physical or chemical disinfection agents were comparatively examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies for their morphological features and internal ultrastructures. The normal cells of C. jejuni, showed typical spiral rod shapes. The ribosomes, nucleoids, and other cellular constituents were observed to be distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm. The cells treated with heat or UV-light were changed to spherical or irregular shapes and their cell envelopes were destroyed to form ghost cells by liberating their cytoplasmic components. The cells treated with chlorine or monochloramine were also changed into irregular round shapes. The chlorinated cells showed very rough surface structures with many blob-like protrusions, while the surface of the monochloramine-treated cells appeared to be relatively smooth.

The forming process of scale and socket of Pieris rapae L. during in 30 hr. pupa to in adult was morphologically investigated with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. 1. The scale forming cells which were distinguished from other epidermal cells were first observed in 30 hr. pupa. In the aspect that scale forming cell beared some morphological relations to socket forming cells and in the distribution of its organelles, scale forming cell was divided into three regions-basal region in which nucleus located, neck region which was surrounded by socket forming cells and scale region that was the cytoplasmic projection region over the wing surface. In process of the development of scale forming cell neck region and scale region were extended into the molting space and at this time, the changes of surface structure of scale region have occurred initially. 2. There was a more distinct process that scale region changed into the scale. Scale region which was first originated as clublike projection of the cell body was subsequently elongated and flattened out by broadening of the cytoplasm. After that, in the surface of scale were formed longitudinal ridges and microribs. In the late pupa, the cytoplsam of scale region have autolyzed by lysosome-like bodies and at length, scale which had air spaces, trabecula, pigment granules, longitudinal ridges and transverse ridges. 3. The major protion of socket forming cell located beside neck region of scale forming cell under the wing surface but the processing portion of the cell lay over the wing surface, suggesting that socket forming cells have actively processing. In extending to the molting space of neck and scale region, socket forming cells developed to the molting space and constructed socket.

To investigate the effects of hexavalent chromium on mitochondrial respiration of rat kidney, various hexavalent chromium concentrations were treated, then respiration and electron transfer enzyme activities were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration of mitochondria were also observed. Then, to investigate protective role against hexavalent chromium in the body, low-molecular-weight, chromium-binding substances (LMCr) were purified from livers of rabbits 2hr after intravenously administrated with sodium dichromate at a dose of 74mg per kg body weight. And then, respiration rates of mitochondria treated with LMCr, hexavalent chromium containing 0.7mM chromium were measured. Hexavalent chromium decreased state IV respiration rates and electron transfer enzyme activities of mitochondria, and increased labile membrane and swelling. And partial inhibitions of condensed to orthodox conformational change were observed. Respiration rates of mitochondria treated with LMCr containing 0.7mM chromium did not differ from that of the non-treated mitochondria. But respiration rates of 0.7mM hexavalent chromium-treated mitochondria decreased by 42%, compared to non-treated mitochondria. These results suggest that LMCr may play an important role in detoxification of toxic hexavalent chromium.

To investigate the effect of cadmium and cadmium binding protein on the electron transport system and conformational changes of rat kidney mitochondria, various cadmium concentration were treated in vitro and respiration rate, NADH-CoQ reductase activity were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. CdBP was isolated from the rat liver by Sephadex G-75 column fractionation and treated in vitro with cadmium. Also mitochondrial state IV respiration rate was measured. When cadmium was treated in vitro, state IV respiration and enzyme activity were decreased and ultrastructural transformation of mitochondria from a condensed to an orthodox conformation was inhibited under state IV respiration. In case cadmium and CdBP were treated together, oxygen consumption was more increased than cadmium only. Conformational changes of mitochondria from a condensed to orthodox conformation were also observed. This indicates that CdBP have a protective effect against cadmium toxicity.

인삼 종자의 배유조직에서 Tris 완충액 가용성 저장단백질을 추출한 후 전기 영동적 분석으로 분리하여 $SP_{1}$(MW=160,000)과 $SP_2$(MW=70,000)의 두가지 저장단백질을 정제하였다. 이 두가지 저장단백질을 항원으로 사용하여 토끼에 피하주사하여 항체를 얻었으며, 이 항체를 이용하여 면역 세포화학적 금입자표지법을 실시한 결과, $SP_1$과 $SP_2$ 모두 구형의 protein body내에 산재하여 있음을 확인되었으며, globoid에는 이러한 두가지 단백질중 어느 것도 함유되어 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각각의 protein body에 함유된 $SP_1$과 $SP_2$의 상대적 함량에는 서로 차이가 있음이 확인되었다.

The ventricular myocardia of 14, 16, 18 and 20-day-old rat fetuses and newborns have been studies by light and electron microscopic morphometrics. The volume density of the myocyte and interstitial compartments as well as volume, surface and numerical density of nuclei were estimated by light microscopic morphometrics. Whereas, the volume density of myofibrils and glycogen granules as well as the volume, surface and numerical density of mitochondria were assessed by electron microscopic morphometrics. The volume density of myocyte compartment of the ventricular myocardia in developing fetuses decreased, but increased in newborn rats. On the other hand, the volume density of the interstitial compartment increased in growing fetuses and decreased in newborns. In all groups the volume, surface and numerical density of nuclei decreased gradually with elongation of myocytes. Conversely, the volume, surface and numerical density of mitochondria and volume density of myofibrils and glycogen granules in ventricular myocytes incresed. The increase in numerical density of mitochondria probably reflects an increase in metabolic activity. Sarcomere length also increased during development.

The cardiotoxic effects of acute and chronic administration of adriamycin (ADR) were evaluated in A/J Swiss albino mice. In acute studies, male mice received intravenous ADR, 5mg or 15mg/kg per day for 3 or 1day and were sacrifice 12 hours later. Because the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system is major pathway for free radical detoxication, glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured. In acute studies, ADR-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased levels(p<0.05) of total glutathione and unchanged levels of oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione. The earliest myocardial fine structural alterations included swelling and degeneration of mitochondria and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum at all dosage of acute models. In chronic studies, mice received 5mg/kg ADR once a week for up to 16 weeks. Levels of total and reduced glutathione were decreased significantly(p<0.01) and oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione were increased significantly (p<0.05). Chronic myocardial lesions included perinuclear vacuolization, seperation of myofibrils and the fasciae adherens of intercalated disc and hypercontraction band within myocyte. Glutathione peroxidase activity reduced significantly (p<0.01) in any group of acute and chronic ADR-treated animals. Test for lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde) was increased significantly(P<0.01). Thus, we conclude 1) ADR significantly lowers glutathione levels in heart tissue, and 2) cellular damage progress produced by alteration of this system in mouse models of ADR cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system may be involved in the modulation of ADR-induced cardiotoxicity.

Turtle bladder의 상피조직(上皮組織)과 세포막(細胞膜) 투과성(透過性)을 분석하기 위하여 동결절단법(凍結切斷法)을 적용(適用)하여 전자현미경(電子顯微鏡) 관찰을 하였으며 그 결과 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 방광상피(膀胱上皮)의 3가지 주요세포형(主要細胞形)은 granular-cell, ${\alpha}$ 및 ${\beta}$형(形)의 CA-rich cell로서 구분된다. 2. 과립성세포(顆粒性細胞)의 주요기능(主要機能)은 $Na^+$ 재흡수(再吸收)이며, 두 단계(段階)의 수송과정(輸送過程)으로 설명되며 정단세포막(頂端細胞膜)을 통한 $Na^+$의 세포내(細胞內) 확산이동(擴散移動)과 그후 기저막(基底膜)에 위치한 $Na^{+}\;-K^{+}$ 펌프에 의한 능동수송과정(能動輸送過程)이다. 3. ${\alpha}$ 및 ${\beta}$형(形) CA-rich cell은 $Na^+$ 수송(輸送)에 관여하지 않으며, ${\alpha}$형(形)의 CA-cell은 정단세포막(頂端細胞膜)의 proton펌프를 이용하여 proton 분필(分泌)에 관여한다. 또한 ${\beta}$형(形)의 CA-cell는 정단세포막(頂端細胞膜)을 통한 $HCO_{3}^-$ 분필수송(分泌輸送)의 기능을 가지고 있다. 4. 동결절단법(凍結切斷法)의 적용하에 세포막표면(細胞膜表面)의 특성(特性)을 관찰한 바, ${\alpha}$형(形)의 CA-cell의 정단세포막(頂端細胞膜)은 proton펌프를 함유하는 것으로 보이는 intramembrane particle이 다수 관찰되고 있으며, ${\beta}$형(形) CA-cell은 기저세포막(基底細胞膜)에서 이와같은 intramembrane particle이 나타나고 있다. 5. 상술(上述)한 두 type의 CA-cell에서 수송특성(輸送特性)의 차이는 proton 및 $HCO_{3}^-$ 분필수송(分泌輸送)이 서로 반대의 방향으로 일어나는 것으로 사료된다.

The specimens for electron microscopic observation made in different seasons have different qualities even though they are made by the same procedure. We observed the various specimens made in each four season. As the results, we concluded that the different specimen conditions were caused by the humidity and penetrability of various solution into the block. In spring, fall and winter, the quality of specimen is good and the difference with one another is not found. But in summer, the specimen have worse quality than in other seasons and not good for sectioning process and observation. In summer with high humidity, we can gain better specimens by eliminating the humidity as much as possible in all processes, thus increasing penetration of various solutions into the specimen.