Purpose : This study determines the effect and sustainability of the trunk stability exercise program, specifically using the bridge exercise, by measuring Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Menstrual Distress Questionaire(MDQ) and muscle strength in women university students complaining of low back pain. Methods : The trunk stability exercise program was progressed by 22 women university students, for 4 weeks, (3 times a week, 1 hour per session). At this time, low back pain happened at the period of menstruation and was measured using VAS, Dysmenorrhea using the MDQ tool and abdominal and back muscle strength using HUR. This study was evaluated 4 times (before and after the exercise program, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks) to investigate the effect of time variation after the exercise program. Results : The trends showed a decrease in VAS and MDQ and an increase in abdominal and back muscle strength. Therefore, these results were evaluated positively from a statistical perspective(p<.05). Conclusions : The trunk stability exercise results in a decreased VAS and MDQ, and increases the muscle strength in women university students who complained of low back pain form dysmenorrhea. Therefore, the low back pain from dysmenorrhea could have been avoided and quality of everyday life improved.

Purpose : This study was to suggest a recommendation of the role and the operating qualification system of health education specialists. Method : This study was conducted by law and descriptive literature review on health education and health promotion. Result : This study was to analysis of the contents of the National Health Promotion Law and the relevant literature. Conclusion : This study was to analyze the suggestions below to research a health education specialists qualifications and duties and role-specific factors based on the content of legislation and review of the literature.

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to determine whether tredmill exercise increases pulmonary function and decreases body mass index of the 20s obesity. METHOD : Thirty obesity in their 20s were randomly assigned to on experimental group (n=15) or control group (n=15). Over the course of four weeks, the experimental group participated in tredmill exercise for 30 minutes three times per week and the control group participated in auto-med exercise for 30 minutes three times per week. Subjects were assessed pre-test and post-test by measurement of pulmonary function (tidal volume, inspiration reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity) and body mass index. RESULT : Our findings show that the experimental group had significant difference in expiratory reserve volume and vital capacity and body mass index (p<.05). In the comparison of the two groups, the experimental group had higher pulmonary function and lower body mass index than the control group. CONCLUSION : In this study, the experimental group showed greater improvement in pulmonary function than the control group, which indicates that the tredmill exercise is effective at increasing the pulmonary function and body mass index 20s obesity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training for 4 weeks could improve the balance and gait in stroke patients. Method: Fifteen stroke patients who had agreed with the study were randomly divided into 3 groups categorized as task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training group (experimental group 1, n=5), task-related circuit exercise program group (experimental group 2, n=5), and control subjects performed conventional physical therapy (control group, n=5). The balance and gait were assessed by BT-4 force platform system, Berg Balance Scale, 10meter Walk Test and Smart Step at before training and after training. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change before and after intervention in intra-group. Kruskal Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonfferoni correction were used to analyze changes of all variables in inter-groups. Result: The experimental group 1 showed significant improvements in postural sway area, BBS scores, walking velocity and plantar pressures of affected foot, whereas the experimental group 2 showed significant improvements in BBS scores, and the control group were no significantly different in all variables following training. The changes of postural sway area and BBS scores in the experimental group 1 were significantly greater than them of the control group. The changes of postural sway area in the experimental group 1 was significantly greater than that of the experimental group 2. Conclusion: The result of this study suggest the task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training is an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stoke patients.

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plastic ankle foot orthosis on adult post-stroke hemiplegic patients walking ability and balance. Method : The searched for the case controlled clinical trials about the effects of plastic ankle foot orthosis(pAFO) for walking ability and balance using quantitative gait analysis in adult post-stroke patients. Ten trials were selected from Riss4U databases published until June 2016 in Korea. The selected trials contained a control group with pre-test and post-test design, measured walking ability and balance as a dependent variable. Result : The selected ten trials involved a total of 180 patients. The walking speed, cadence, the portion of double limb supporting, stride length on affected side were improved by plastic ankle foot orthosis. Conclusion : The plastic ankle foot orthosis has some evidence to improve the walking ability and balance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to identify whether 3D motion input device based mirror therapy could improve on upper extremity function, quality of life and depression in chronic stroke patients METHOD : Thirty six patients with chronic stroke were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group, mirror therapy group, and sham therapy group. 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group performed 3D motion input device based mirror therapy, mirror therapy group performed general mirror therapy, control group performed sham therapy. All patients received a total of 15 exercise session over a 5 week period (three times per week). Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper extremity(FMA-UE), Stroke Specific-Quality of Life(SS-QOL), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) were performed prior to and five weeks after the treatment RESULT : Subjects in the 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group showed significant improvements in upper extremity function, quality of life and depression following training. The changes of upper extremity function, quality of life and depression in the 3D leapmotion mirror therapy group were significantly more than them of the control group. CONCLUSION : The result of this study suggest that 3D motion input device based mirror therapy is an intervention to improve on upper extremity function, quality of life and depression in chronic stroke patients.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of virtual reality based exercise program on gross motor function and balance of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Method : Subjects of this study, among the children who received the diagnosis spastic cerebral palsy, for children total of 8 people have agreed to research. Experimental group 4 people, control group 4 people, was a total of 8 people. Group-specific arbitration method, was applied to Nintendo Wii Fit game (experimental group) and exercise program (control group). Each training courses 30 minutes for 4 weeks, examined the changes in Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) and Pediatrics Balance Scale(PBS) ability to examine a total of 4-week course effectively. The intervention were compared by measuring before and after. Result : There were significant improvements in the subscales of the gross motor function and balance test of those who practiced with the Nintendo Wii Fit game, while the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion : Therefore, the virtual based on exercise is effective in improvement of to improve the gross motor function and balance in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare Hip-Knee-Ankle(HKA) angle and muscle activation ratio between vastus medialis(VM), rectus femoris(RF), and vastus lateralis (VL), and by this, to examine their relationship. It is aimed to explore how the activation ratio among the muscles involved in patellofemoral kinetics would vary in relation with the frontal alignment of the lower extremity. Subjects and Methods: 26 healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The HKA angles were measured with radiograph. The VM, RF, VL muscle activation level were measured by surface electromyography while each participant performed 4 different types of movement (isometric knee extension, squat, ambulation, step-up) and VM/RF, VM/VL, RF/VL ratios were calculated. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the relationship between the HKA angle and the muscle ratio. Results: There was significant moderate correlation between HKA angle and VM: RF on the left side during ambulation (p<0.05). Moderate correlations were also observed during step-up and squat with less significance (p<0.1). Conclusion: The frontal alignment of the knee measured by the HKA angle was conditionally associated with muscle activation ratio between VM and RF (VM:RF); On the left, during ambulation, step-up, and squat, the more valgus knee tended to correlate with the more VM muscle activation ratio, which is expected to induce more stabilizing effect to the patella and its tracking. It suggests that the frontal alignement measured by the HKA-angle can affect PF kinetics. It also indicates a possibility that increase in valgus alignment of the knee, by the HKA measurement, may not act unfavorably to generate PFP.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation application on the autonomic nervous system of human body. Methods: Participants were seventeen healthy adults. Standard deviation of all normal N-N intervals(SDNN), root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF) were compared in pre and post Mean values after intervention. Data were analyzed in Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test. Results: The results of this study is that sistolic blood pressure and pulse rate decreased mean value after non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. High frequency, low frequency, SDNN, RMSSD increased mean value in heart rate variability after intervention. But that is not significant except for SDNN. Conclusion: Non-invasive vagus stimulation by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation effect on parasympathetic nerve stimulation, and then it might be effective method for autonomic nerve balance control.

Purpose : Recommended posture according to the location of operating teeth have been standardized in dental clinic to prevent musculoskeletal disorder. However, clinicians do not comply with this rule in many cases. This study investigated the effects of operating posture on cranio-cervical range of motion (CROM) and muscles activity of neck and upper extremity. Methods : Sixteen healthy dental hygiene students were participated. During operating posture (3 recommended and 3 experimental postures which were set front, side, back, respectively), CROM in the fronal and sagittal plane were measured by Cervical Range of Motion Instrument and muscle activities of Sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, middle deltoid, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, and abductor pollicis brevis were measured by Pocket EMG system. Result : CROM were significantly decreased in recommended posture in comparison with experimental posture (p<.05). In addition, muscle activity of middle deltoid was significantly decreased in recommended front posture. Moreover, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis showed the same result in recommended back posture (p<.05). Conclusion : Recommended posture is close to neutral posture and to reduce muscle fatigue and overuse, which may considered as a preventing musculoskeletal disorder and partially explain its efficacy in dental clinic.

Purpose : The purpose of this study has been performed to find the changes in the balance and activities of daily living on children with ataxic cerebral palsy from dual task training. Methods : This study selects 3 subjects for 7.6 years old who were diagnosed with children with ataxic cerebral palsy. The dual task training applied three times a week for six weeks to ataxic cerebral palsy. To assess changes in balance, we performed the length and surface area ellipse of central of pressure, Pediatric Balance Scale, We also assessed activities of daily living using Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Result : There were statistically significant differences in the changes during training period for the static(length and surface area ellipse of central of pressure) and functional balance(PBS). There were statistically significant differences in the changes during training period for the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory including self-care and mobility domains, except for social function domain. Conclusion : The results from this case study suggest that dual task training may have a beneficial changes on balance and activities of daily living for children with ataxic cerebral palsy.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selective thoracic extensor strengthening exercises in the sitting position using a foam-roller by investigating the electromyographic(EMG) activities of the thoracic and lumbar extensors. Methods : Eighteen healthy subjects with no medical history of back pain were recruited. EMG activity was recorded from thoracic extensor(TE) and lumbar extensor(LE) while subjects performed three thoracic extension exercises: prone thoracic extension(PTE), prone thoracic extension with abdominal draw-in maneuver(PTE-ADIM), and sitting thoracic extension using a foam-roller(STE). TE and LE EMG activity, and TE/LE EMG activity ratio were analyzed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). Where a significant difference was identified, a Bonferroni correction was performed(p<.017, .05/3). Results : TE and LE EMG activity, and TE/LE EMG activity ratio differed significantly among the three exercises(p<.05). Post hoc pair-wise comparison with Bonferroni correction showed that TE muscle activity in the STE exercise was significantly different from PTE and PTE-ADIM exercises(p<.017). There was no significant difference between TE muscle activity for PTE and PTE-ADIM exercises(p>.017). LE muscle activity and TE/LE ratios were significantly different among the three exercises p<.017). Conclusion : TE/LE ratio showed superior selective thoracic extensor strengthening for the STE exercise than PTE and PTE-ADIM exercises. Therefore, we recommend STE exercise for selective thoracic extensor strengthening.

Purpose : This study was designed to provide basic data of effective sanitization method of sprout vegetable for microbiological safety. Methods : Sanitization treatments were performed by dipping the sprout into chlorine and vinegar water. Microbial analysis were composed of the total plate count(TPC) and coliform group count(CGC). Result : Among chlorine water sanitization, the microbial reduction was largest in 100ppm chlorine water, and its TPC and coliform group count decreased to 6.01 log CFU/g and 5.06 log CFU/g. The effective dipping time in 100ppm chlorine water treatment was 5.97 log CFU/g and 5.91 log CFU/g for 30min and 60min, in which TPC were below the microbiological safety limits of 6.00 log CFU/g. Coliform group counts were decreased to 5.44, 5.46, 5.42 log CFU/g in the dipping the spouts for 30min, 60min and 90min. As a result of sanitizing alfalfa spout by vinegar water, a microbial counts tended to decrease with increasing concentration and the dipping time. The effective concentration of vinegar water was 2% for TPC(6.00 log CFU/g) and 1% for coliform group count(5.20 log CFU/g). With 1% vinegar water treatment, TPC became below the microbiological safety limits in all samples and in particular, the sample treated for 60min and 90min(4.93, 4.54 log CFU/g). While coliform group counts were decreased to 3.91 log CFU/g in the dipping the sprouts for 90min, those were still beyond the permitted limit. Conclusion : To secure the food safety of food service facilities including kindergarten feeding, it is considered that along with the systematic study of effective disinfection method for microbiological control at the preconditioning level of spout vegetable within the range of secured maleficence to human body, and the study regarding the measures to lower the initial microbiological pollution of spout vegetable.