• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2022

This study uses text mining compares and contrasts consumers' social media discourses on dietary related zero-waste movement before and after COVID-19. The results indicate that the amount of buzz on social networks for the zero- waste movement has been increasing after COVID-19. Additionally, the results of frequency analysis and topic modeling revealed that subjects associated with zero-waste movement were more diversified after COVID-19. Although the results of a sentiment analysis and word cloud visualization confirmed that consumers' positive responses toward the zero-waste have been increasing, they also revealed a need to educate and encourage those who are still not aware of the need for zero-waste. Finally, consumers mentioned only a small number of companies participating in zero-waste movement on SNS, indicating that the level of active involvement by such companies is much lower than that of consumers. Theoretical and educational implications as well as those for government policy-making are considered.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.135-168
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• 2012

This study analyzes ways to detect protest responses (hereafter, PR zero-bid) in the contingent valuation method (CVM). In order to distinguish PR zero-bids from true zero-bids (non-PR zero bids), this study adopts the concept of the implicit willingness to pay employing the Hicksian compensating surplus and the Taylor's 1st order approximation. When a respondent proposes a zero-bid (i.e., WTP=0) and chooses a PR filtering item to indicate that her implicit WTP is not necessary zero, her response is identified as a PR zero bid. PR filtering items falling into the PR zero bids category include the uncertainty of information, distrust in the government and project achievement, disagreement to project plans, discontent with the fairness of public works and their payment method and animosity against the CVM itself. The empirical analysis shows that PR zero bids take place systematically in particular respondent groups: respondents who have never used similar facilities before nor plans to use the facility provided by the public project, the employed, and low income groups. In conclusion, the study suggests that a CVM questionnaire needs to be designed carefully to minimize problems associated with PR zero bids and the potential risks of having sample selection bias should be concerned.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.761-770
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• 2012

We frequently encounter outcomes of count that have extra variation. This paper considers several alternative models for overdispersed count responses such as a quasi-Poisson model, zero-inflated Poisson model and a negative binomial model with a special focus on a generalized linear mixed model. We also explain various goodness-of-fit criteria by discussing their appropriateness of applicability and cautions on misuses according to the patterns of response categories. The overdispersion models for counts data have been explained through two examples with different response patterns.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-51
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• 2007

The present study explores mathematics teachers' understanding of division by zero and their approaches to explaining the impossibility of division by zero. This study analyzes Chinese and Korean middle school mathematics teachers' responses to the teaching task of explaining the impossibility of dividing 7 by zero, and examples of teachers' reasoned explanations for their answers are presented. The findings from this study suggest that most Korean teachers offer multiple types of mathematical explanations for justifying the impossibility of division by zero, while Chinese teachers' explanations were more uniform and based less on mathematical ideas than those of their Korean counterparts. Another finding from this study is that teachers' particular conceptions of zero were strongly associated with their justifications for the impossibility of division by zero, and the influence of the teachers' conceptions of zero was revealed as a barrier in composing a well-reasoned explanation for the impossibility of division by zero. One of the practical implications of this study is those teachers' basic attitudes toward always attempting to give explanations for mathematical facts or mathematical concepts do not seem to be derived solely from their sufficient knowledge of the facts or concepts of mathematics.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.489-503
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• 2015

Response estimation at unmeasured locations using the limited number of measurements is an attractive topic in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Because of increasing complexity and size of civil engineering structures, measuring all structural responses from the entire body is intractable for the SHM purpose; the response estimation can be an effective and practical alternative. This paper investigates a response estimation technique based on the Kalman state estimator to combine multi-sensor data under non-zero mean input excitations. The Kalman state estimator, constructed based on the finite element (FE) model of a structure, can efficiently fuse different types of data of acceleration, strain, and tilt responses, minimizing the intrinsic measurement noise. This study focuses on the effects of (a) FE model error and (b) combinations of multi-sensor data on the estimation accuracy in the case of non-zero mean input excitations. The FE model error is purposefully introduced for more realistic performance evaluation of the response estimation using the Kalman state estimator. In addition, four types of measurement combinations are explored in the response estimation: strain only, acceleration only, acceleration and strain, and acceleration and tilt. The performance of the response estimation approach is verified by numerical and experimental tests on a simply-supported beam, showing that it can successfully estimate strain responses at unmeasured locations with the highest performance in the combination of acceleration and tilt.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2007

This paper presents nonlinear vibration characteristics of a vertical passive zero stiffness isolator. The passive isolator can achieve zero stiffness through buckling of notched flexure caused by a compressive force. First, a simulation model of the isolator was built based on elastic beam theory. As increasing the compression force, time and frequency responses of the isolator were simulated. In addition, further nonlinear vibration characteristics were investigated through a bifurcation diagram and a Poincare's map, which shows that even chaostic vibration could happen. The simulations show that as the compressive force increases, the stiffness goes close to zero and the nonlinear characteristic becomes stronger to have a great effect on the isolation performance.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of four-wheel-steering system from the viewpoint of lane-keeping control theory. In this paper, the lane-keeping control system is designed on the basis of the four-wheel-steering automobiles whose desired steering response is realized with the application of model matching control. Two types of desired steering responses are presented in this paper. One is zero-sideslip response, the other one is steering response which realizes zero-phase-delay of lateral acceleration. Using simplified linear two degree-of-freedom bicycle model, simulation study and theoretical analysis are conducted to evaluate the lane-keeping control performance of active four-wheel-steering automobiles which have different desired steering responses. Finally, the evaluation is conducted on straight and curved roadway tracking maneuvers.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2002

This paper has shown that the impulse and the unit step responses of 2nd-order systems can be computed by an analytic method. Three different 2nd-order systems are investigated: the prototype system, the system with one LHP(left half plane) real zero and the system with one RHP(right half plane) real zero. It has also shown that the effects of the LHP or the RHP zero are very serious when the zero is getting closer to the origin on the complex plane. Based on these analytic results, this paper has presented two sufficient and necessary conditions for 2nd-order linear SISO(single-input/single-output) stable systems to have the nonovershooting and the monotone nondecreasing step response, respectively. The latter condition can be extended to the sufficient conditions for the monotone nondecreasing step response of high-order systems.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.175-187
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• 2013

Moonpools are vertical wells in a floating body used onboard many types of vessels like Exploration and drilling vessels, Production barges, Cable-laying vessels, Rock dumping vessels, Research and offshore support vessels. Moonpool gives passage to underwater activities for different types of ships as per their mission requirements. It is observed that inside a moonpool considerable relative motions may occur, depending on shape, depth of the moonpool and on the frequency range of the waves to which the ship is exposed. The vessel responses are entirely different in zero and non-zero Froude number. Former situation is paid attention in this study as the mission requirement of the platform is to be in the particular location for long period of operation. It is well known that there are two modes of responses depending on the shape of the moonpool viz., piston mode for square shape and sloshing mode for rectangular shapes with different aspect ratios of opening like 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios. Circular shaped moonpool is also tested for measuring the responses. The vessel moored using heavy lines are modelled and tested in the wave basin. The pretensions of the lines are varied by altering the touchdown points and the dynamic tensions on the lines are measured. The different modes of oscillations of water column are measured using wave gauge and the vessel response at a particular situation is determined. RAOs calculated for various situations provide better insight to the designer.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

Moonpools are vertical wells in a floating body used onboard many types of vessels like cable-laying vessels and offshore support vessels. Moonpool gives passage to underwater activities for different types of ships as per their mission requirements. It is observed that inside a moonpool considerable relative motions may occur, depending on shape, depth of the moonpool and on the frequency range of the waves to which the ship is exposed. The vessel responses are entirely different in zero and non-zero Froude number. Former situation is paid attention in this study as the mission requirement of the platform is to be in the particular location for long period of operation. It is well known that there are two modes of responses depending on the shape of the moonpool viz., piston mode for square shape and sloshing mode for rectangular shapes with different aspect ratios of opening like 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios. Circular shaped moonpool is also tested for measuring the responses. The vessel moored using heavy lines are modeled and tested in the wave basin. The moored lines are provided with pre-tension and the dynamic tensions on the lines are measured. The different modes of oscillations of water column are measured using wave gauge and the vessel response at a particular situation is determined. RAOs determined for various situations provide better insight to the designer. The experiments done in the wave basin may also be compared with a software package meant for handling moored floating bodies.