• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2007

Glinus oppositifolius and Trianthema decandra belonging to the Ficoidaceae family were commonly used by tribal peoples for the treatment of liver disorders and cancer. The preliminary phytochemical screening of those plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and saponins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts of Glinus oppositifolius (MEGO) and Trianthema decandra (METD). The antioxidative capacities of MEGO and METD were determined by the following four complementary assay; DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion generation by xanthine-xanthine Oxidase assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$-ascorbate induced by lipid peroxidation assay. The $IC_{50}$ values of the both extracts were calculated from the inhibition curve. The $IC_{50}$ MEGO and METD in DPPH, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assay are 1.85, 7.31, 13.95, 22.82 and 2.21, 9.78, 14.87, 19.76 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. Both the extracts exhibited a significant antioxidant effects.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.518-523
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• 1996

The sensor to determine ATPase activities was consisted of an immobilized enzyme membrane(purine nucloside phosphoryrase and xanthine oxidase) and an oxygen electrode. The proposed sensor was used for the determination of $K^+-, Ca^{2}+- and Mg^{2+}-$ATPase activities in several fish muscle proteins such as Thunnus albacares(Yellowfin tuna), Tetrapturus audax(Striped marlin), Prognichthys agoo(Japanese flyingfish), and Cypvinus carpio(Carp). $K^+-, Ca^{2}-$ATPase activities measured by the proposed sensor system were in good agreement with the results obtained by a conventional colorimetric assay. One cycle of assay could be completed within 3mlnutes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.553-556
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• 2002

To study the effects of Scorpio on oxygen free radical-mediated damage by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) on cultured spinal sensory neurons, in vitro assays such as MTT assay were used in cultured spinal sensory neurons derived from mice. Spinal sensory neurons were cultured in media containing various concentrations of XO/HX for 6 hours, after which the neurotoxic effect of XO/HX was measured by in vitro assay. The protective effect of the herb extract, Scorpio water extract against XO/HX-induced neurotoxicity was also examined. The results are as follows : In MTT assay, XO/HX significantly decreased the cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons according to exposure concentration and time in these cultures. The effect of Scorpio water extract on XO/HX-induced neurotoxicity showed a quantitative increase in neurdfilament. These results suggest that XO/HX has a neurotoxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons from mice and that the herb extract, Scorpio water extract, was very effective in protecting XO/HX-induced neurotoxicity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.549-552
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• 2003

To investigate the protective effect of Sophorae Radix (SR) on the damage by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells by xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX)-induced oxygen tree radical, Neutral Red (NR) and c-fos immunopositive cell assay were used. The results were obtained as follows ; The viability of vascular endothelial cells treated with XO/HX was decreased. And c-fos immunopositive cells represented a maximal increase in group treated with XO/HX for 2 hour in pulmonary vasvular endothelial cells. But pretreated groups with SR extracts were not inhibited the increase of c-fos immunopositive cells by XO/HX in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that XO/HX elicits toxic effects in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and suggest that SR extract is very effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced increase of c-fos immunopositive cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.443-446
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• 2003

To investigate the protective effect of Bulbus Allii Macrostemi (BAM) on the damage by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells by xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX)-induced oxygen free radical, Neutral Red (NR) and protein kinase c (PKC) activity assay were used. The results were obtained as follows ; The viability of vascular endothelial cells treated with XO/HX was decreased. And activation of PKC represented a maximal increase in group treated with XO/HX for 15 mins in vasvular pulmonary endothelial cells. But pretreated groups with BAM extracts were not inhibited the increase of PKC activation by XO/HX in a dose-dependent fashion. These results show that XO/HX elicits toxic effects in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and suggest that BAM extract is very effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced PKC activation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2018

An isoform of NADPH oxidase (NOX), NOX2 is a superoxide-generating enzyme involved in diverse pathophysiological events. Although its potential as a therapeutic target has been validated, there is no clinically available inhibitor. Herein, NOX2-inhibitory activity was screened with the constituents isolated from Schisandra chinensis, which has been reported to have antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging effects. Among the partitions prepared from crude methanolic extract, a chloroform-soluble partition showed the highest NOX2-inhibitory activity in PLB-985 cell-based NOX2 assay. A total of twenty nine compounds (1 - 29) were identified from the chloroform fraction, including two first isolated compounds; dimethyl-malate (25) and 2-(2-hydroxyacetyl) furan (27) from this plants. Of these constituents, two compounds (gomisin T, and pregomisin) exhibited an NOX2-inhibitory effect with the $IC_{50}$ of $9.4{\pm}3.6$, and $62.9{\pm}11.3{\mu}M$, respectively. They are confirmed not to be nonspecific superoxide scavengers in a counter assay using a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. These findings suggest the potential application of gomisin T (6) and other constituents of S. chinensis to inhibit NOX2.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2006

Biological activities and application of Prunus sargentii Rehder were investigated. In the physiological activities, the electron donating ability (EDA) of ethanol extracts of Prunus sargentii Rehder was 85% in 100 ppm. SOD-like activity was inhibition about 50% in 1,000 ppm, it was gradual increased. As inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase, it was more than 70% in 1,000 ppm and inhibitory effect of tyrosinase was a little low as 20% below 1,000 ppm.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 1992

The present study was investigated to elucidate the effects of chlorambucil the heart tissue of various-aged rats. The male rats ranging from 3 to 36 months were used. The cytochemical and biochemical changes in myocardium of the rats were studied in the aspect of free radical roles in aging process. With the goals of evaluating the potential roles of free radicals in aging process, evidence was shought for alterations of myocardial lipid peroxide levels in control and chlorambucil treated rats. The result are summarized as follows: 1. Cytochemical studies showed that the activities of $Mg^{++}$-ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase increased with age. However, these enzyme activities were decreased with treatment of chlorambucil, when compared with control group. Interestingly it was observed that chlorambucil treatment increased the activity of acid phosphatase from 6 months upto 18 months, and decreased after 18 months. 2. The lipid peroxide level in myocatdium was increased with age; chlorambucil-treated group was higher than that of control group. 3. Age-dependent increase in activities of monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase and catalase was observed. But the increase of catalase activity was higher than that of monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity in control group. However, in chlorambucil-treated group, age-dependent decrease of these enzyme activities was observed, and catalase activity was more significant particularly with regard to other enzymes. In consequently, the morphological alterationsof myocardium due to chlorambucil treatment was exclusively observed. We demonstrate that this alteration is occured by lipid peroxidation upon chlorambucil treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to evaluate as antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation. Silymarin and silybin extracted from Silybum marianum were successively purified wit solvent fractionation by silica gel column chromatography. These isoflavonoid inhibited superoxide anion production in the xanthine oxidase system. In the rat liver microsomes, silymarin or silybin rapidly inhibited lipid peroxidation which was initiated enzymatically by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or non-enzymatically by ascorbic acid or Fenton's reagent (H2O2+Fe2+). Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was also inhibited by silymarin and silybin. silymarin and silybin inhibited on terminating radical chain reaction during lipid peroxidation in the enzymatic system of microsomes or in the linoleic acid hydroperoxide induced peroxidation system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 1998

In brain hypoxic-ischemia, an excess release of glutamate and a marked production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occur in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The present study investigated the effect of the biological antioxidants dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and lipoic acid (LA) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and ROS-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. DHLA enhanced NMDA-evoked rises in intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$). In contrast, LA did not alter the NMDA-evoked calcium responses but decreased after a brief treatment of dithiothreitol (DTT), which possesses a strong reducing potential. Despite the modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated rises in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, neither DHLA nor LA altered the NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity, as assessed by measuring the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released from dead or injured cells. DHLA, but not LA, prevented the neurotoxicity induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide radicals. Both DHLA and LA decreased the glutathione depletion-induced neurotoxicity. The present data may indicate that biological antioxidants DHLA and LA protect neurons from ischemic injuries via scavenging oxygen free radicals rather than modulating the redox modulatory site(s) of NMDA receptor.