• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.21-43
• /
• 2008

Objective: This study aimed to understand workplace drinking environment on drinking behaviors among female employees and thereby attempt to lay a ground for future prevention of drinking problems triggered by workplace environment. For the purposes of the study, variables related to drinking behavior and the actual conditions of female employees were explored. And the study examined the effects of individual and environmental factors on drinking behavior. Methods: The sample included 400 female and male employees in enterprises and organizations located in the metropolitan area of Korea. An in-depth interview was conducted to explore workplace variables related to female drinking, and a self-administered questionnaire was conducted to examine the relationship between workplace variables and drinking behaviors (alcohol consumption, risky drinking, and binge drinking frequencies). Results: Major findings of the study are as follows: First, positive function of drinking and drinking culture at workplace and the pressure to drink were derived from in-depth interviews. Second, 47.2% of female employees were current drinkers and 20.4% were risky drinkers. Third, drinking norms and attitude at workplace, influence of peer group, and drinking culture at workplace were found to be predictive factors of harmful drinking. Fourth, drinking expectancy and drinking norms and attitude at the workplace were found to influence drinking binge frequencies. Conclusion: The study indicates the importance of the workplace environmental factors in female employee's drinking behavior, and addresses the need for interventions geared toward changing the workplace environment regarding alcohol use.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The working environment affects employees' physical and mental aspects, and has a deep associations with depression. The purposes of this study are to investigate how hazardous environment working experience impacts on depression, to provide rationale and practical implications for reducing depression and drinking. Methods: This study targeted 215 dental hygiene students from 3 universities located in Gyeonggi-do from November 30 to December 4, 2015. We analyzed the data with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, Regression analysis by using SPSS. Results: This study showed that experience working in hazardous environments increased depression and alcohol drinking, on the other hand alcohol drinking reduced depression. In addition, experience working in hazardous environments effected on depression indirectly through mediating of drinking, subjective health had not role of Moderating Effects between experience working in hazardous environments and depression. Conclusions: In order to reduce workers' depression and alcohol, the improvements of harmful environment are needed. For this governments and local governments should efforts to support enhancing workplace environment, to develop model of standard work environment, and to change employers' awareness on the harmful environment.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.48.1-48.13
• /
• 2023

Background: This study was conducted to identify the success rate for smoking cessation over time after participation in a therapeutic smoking cessation camp, and to identify how participant characteristics, including a supportive workplace environment for smoking cessation (SWESC), affect the success rate for smoking cessation. Methods: In all, 296 participants at smoking cessation camps in Ulsan between 2015 and 2020 were investigated. The success rates of smoking cessation after weeks 4, 6, 12, and 24 at camp were investigated. The participants were grouped as workers with an SWESC, and workers without an SWESC, and variables (age, education, household income, marital status, drinking, exercise, body mass index, morbidity, job, number of counseling sessions, cigarettes smoked per day and smoking initiation age) were investigated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted at each time point. In addition, Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables affecting the success rate for smoking cessation over time. Results: The smoking cessation success rate of workers with an SWESC at week 24 (90.7%) was higher than that for workers without an SWESC (60.5%). Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between each variable and the success rates for smoking cessation at week 6, 12, and 24. SWESC was confirmed as significant (p < 0.05) variables for increased success rate for smoking cessation at all 3 time points. After adjusting for all variables, the Cox proportional hazards survival analysis showed a hazard ratio of 6.17 for SWESC (p < 0.001,; 95% confidence interval: 3.08-12.38). Conclusions: At a professional treatment smoking cessation camp, participants with an SWESC showed a significantly higher success rate for smoking cessation. Supportive workplace environment for workers' health is expected to be an important factor for smoking cessation projects as well as other health promotion projects at workplace.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.471-483
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study looked at the relationship between occupational stress and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), to evaluate the effect of occupational stress-related factors. Methods : Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 260 local officials in Gangwondo. The research comprised three questions relating to subjective oral symptoms, an occupational stress measurement tool and an oral health impact factor which was composed of questions. The data was analysed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and path analysis in Amos. Results : Occupational stress had a positive correlation to drinking frequency, Oral symptoms had a negative correlation. And drinking frequency, smoking amount and occupational stress had a positive correlation to oral symptoms. It denoted that drinking frequency, occupational stress and oral symptoms had a negative correlation to OHIP. The path model had an excellent goodness of fit (p=0.07, namely p>0.05). Five 'goodness-of-fit indices' of the model were all above 0.9: GFI=0.987, AGFI=0.952, NFI=0.902, IFI=0.939, CFI=0.934), and its RMSEA was 0.045. Occupational stress and oral symptoms had a firsthand impact on OHIP. In addition, it affected OHIP through the parameters of oral symptoms. Occupational stress exercised a firsthand influence on drinking frequency, drinking frequency exercised a firsthand influence on smoking amount. Smoking amount had a firsthand impact on oral symptoms. Conclusions: Oral health education programs for the development of an improved oral hygiene environment through reduction in drinking and smoking also need to focus on relieving stress by improving workplace culture. In addition, due to good communication is required to reduce occupational stress caused by interpersonal conflict.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 2016

Background: Workplace violence was recognized to be social problems that might impact the health status and the job satisfaction of employee in hospitals. This study investigated the current status of violence and job stress among hospital employees working at administration and discharging department. Methods: The study subjects were 213 administrative employees working at 20 general hospitals. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire that included information such as demographics, job-related characteristics, experience of violence, and job stress. The violence was classified as verbal violence, physical threat, and physical violence occurred by patients and caregivers. Analysis of variance, t-tests, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to examine the associated factors with job stress. Results: The levels of verbal violence, physical threat, and physical violence were $1.64{\pm}1.08$, $0.54{\pm}0.67$, and $0.04{\pm}0.17$, respectively. The score of job stress was $2.74{\pm}0.50$ and it was associated with age, existence of spouse, drinking frequency, subjective health status, disease history, night-time treatment, and public health administration career in simple analysis. In multiple linear regression analysis, the level of verbal violence experience was significantly associated with job stress (B=0.09, p=0.001). Also physical threats (B=0.18, p<0.001) and physical violence (B=0.48, p=0.008) showed positive association with job stress. Conclusion: This study attempted to examine the association between experience of violence and job stress in administrative employees at medical institutions. Levels of violence showed positive correlation with the job stress. Environment improvement to protect employee from violence and management of employees who experienced workplace violence are needed to reduce the job stress.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand verbal violence and stress experienced by nurses, to identify measures to reduce such stress, and to present basic information needed for performing their professional roles. The results of this study are as follows. First the types of verbal violence by doctors, nurses, patients and their caregivers included "they speak roughly" and "they speak in a commanding tone" when they were marked on the basis of 5 points. In other words, speaking roughly is highest in frequency. Second, the main harmers of verbal violence were doctors, nurses, and patients and their caregivers, and thus verbal violence by nurses was most frequent. Third, the emotional reactions of the nurses after verbal violence were "angry", "frustrated", and "depressed" in order. As a result of analysis of effects on the emotional reactions of nurses. Fourth, the job stress of the nurses after experience of verbal violence was show as "frequently struggling with friends", "frequently struggling with family members", and "frequently drinking" in order. Fifth, based on general characteristics, the emotional reactions and job stress of nurses after verbal violence were significant on age, acdemic years, and current workplace, and the job stress of nurses after verbal violence was significant on marriage, clinical career, department of working, and types of working. This study may be significant in that it suggests methods of intervention, safe job environment, and administrative institution to relieve the emotional reactions of nurses after verbal violence, to reduce their stress, and to support the emotional reactions of nurses experienced verbal violence.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

In this year, Koreans have a shortage in agricultural and drinking water due to severe algal blooms generated in major lakes. Waste oyster shells were obtained from temporary storage near the workplace at which oysters were separated from their shells. Heating ($1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in air) was employed to convert raw oyster shell powders into calcium oxide powders that reacted efficiently with phosphorus and nitrogen to remove algal blooms from eutrophicated wastewater. As the dispersed amount of heated oyster shell powders was increased, water clarity and visual light penetration were improved. Coagulation, precipitation and carbonation process of the heated oyster shell powders in a water purifier facilitated removal of eutrophication nutrient such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which is both beneficial and economically viable. $CO_2$ implantation by carbonation treatment not only produced thermodynamically stable CaO in oyster shells to derive precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) but also accelerated algal removal by activation of coagulation and precipitation process. The use of oyster shell powders led to a mean reduction of 97% in total phosphate (T-P), a mean reduction of 91% in total nitrogen (T-N) and a maximum reduction of 51% in chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared with the total pollutant load of raw algal solution. Remarkable water quality improvement of algal removal by heated oyster shell powders and PCC carbonation treatment will allow utilization as water resources to agricultural or industrial use.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2012

This study of male workers of small manufacturing companies with 50 or less determine the level of job stress and Investigated the relevance of these demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and job-related characteristics. The study subjects were 856 male workers, health checkups and screening agencies are engaged in small manufacturing companies with 50 or less people. Data collection period from April 1, 2010 until June 30, during the self - administered questionnaire through a survey was done. The Study results, several demographic characteristics, health-related behavioral characteristics and job-related characteristics of the variables and job stress is surveyed, there was a significant association. Drinking status, occupation, hours of sleep, leisure activities, whether working position, duration, number of hours per week, for inpatient and outpatient experience, whether in the workplace satisfaction, especially those affecting the job stress factors, such as has been pointed out, Therefore, in order to reduce job stress, health-related behaviors and the work environment, and efforts to improve the content of the job.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2008

The aim of this research is to develop the sentiment indicators of housing welfare for evaluating housing welfare policies conducted by the Korean government. The methods of this research are used by analysis of related documents, FGI (Focus Group Interview), and survey. The survey was made by experts and consumers. To analyze the survey, this research also uses confirmatory factor analysis by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) program, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) by Expert Choice program, frequency, average, percentages, Factor analysis etc. As a result of this research, selected housing welfare indicators are settled as follows: In the housing welfare aspect, 11 indicators in the department of 'Housing Satisfaction' and 11 indicators in the department of 'Community Satisfaction' (22 in total) are suggested. The indicators are 1) Water Supply and Distribution Equipment 2) Heating equipment 3) the size of the exclusive residential area 4) the number of rooms 5) Ventilation and Lighting 6) Sound Insulation (Indoor Noise) 7) Air Pollution/Odor 8) House Deposit 9) Rent Paid 10) Maintenance (Dwelling) Cost 11) The length of Occupation 12) Proximity to Welfare Facilities 13) Educational Environment 14) Convenience of Facilities (shops, hospitals etc.) 15) Convenience of Transportation and Commuting 16) Distance from Workplace 17) Landscape and Green Space (Tree, Flowers, Grass etc.) 18) Vandalism (Destruction Behavior, graffiti etc.) 19) Privacy 20) Noise in Public Places (Drinking, Loudly Talking etc.) 21) Safety from Crime 22) Safety from a Disaster. As of 2007, the housing welfare sentiment index is measured by the survey of 1,000 inhabitants in the public housing, which shows 3.51.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3329-3334
• /
• 2012

Background: Several potential risk factors have been identified for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); however, epidemiological studies investigating the association between these risk factors and DLBCL have yielded inconsistent results. Objectives: To investigate potential medical, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors of DLBCL in Shanghai, China through a hospital-based case-control study. Method: One-hundred-and-forty-seven newly diagnosed DLBCL patients and 294 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited from 11 hospitals in Shanghai between 2003 and 2007. A standardized structured questionnaire was used to obtain patient data on demographics, medical history, family history, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for risk associated with each data category. Results: History of tuberculosis (TB) infection and "living on a farm" were positively associated with DLBCL (TB: OR=3.05, 95% CI: 1.19-7.80; farm: OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.21-2.73). In contrast, taking traditional Chinese medicine was negatively associated with DLBCL (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.89). No significant correlation with DLBCL risk was found for any of the other potential risk factors (p>0.05), including but not limited to hair dyes, alcohol drinking, smoking, and home/workplace renovation within one year. Conclusions: Consistent with results from previous studies in other DLBCL case populations, traditional Chinese medicine appeared to have a direct or indirect protective effect against DLBCL. However, this study also identified a possible predisposition for DLBCL in TB sufferers and farmers.