• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 목조 고건축물의 하나인 향교를 대상으로 곤충류의 활동이 활발한 시기인 2001년 3월부터 9월에 걸쳐 외부 기둥 표면이나 이미 발생한 탈출공 내부 및 주변에 붙어 있는 곤충을 채집하여 분류, 동정하였고, 이들의 목조 고건축물 가해충 여부를 고찰하였다. 채집된 곤충은 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera) 10종, 벌목(Hymenoptera) 15종, 노린재목 (Hemiptera) 6종, 파리목(Ditera) 4종, 그리고 집게벌레목(Demaptera) 1종으로 동정되었다. 이 중 포획종과 개체수가 가장 많은 딱정벌레목과 벌목의 대부분은 구기가 저작형이며 강대한 턱을 가지고 있어 목조 건축물에 상당한 피해를 줄 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 채집된 곤충 중 어떤 종류가 목재 가해 충류인지와 가해충류로 최종 확인된 충류의 계속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권3호통권131호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

영광 불갑사의 대웅전에 쓰인 목재의 수종을 식별하기 위하여 기둥, 보, 평방, 창방, 도리, 사래, 추녀, 서까래 등 총 88점을 조사하였다. 수종은 경송류(소나무류), 전나무속, 참나무(상수리나무류), 느티나무 등 4수종이 식별되었다. 기둥과 사래는 느티나무의 비율이 높았으나, 다른 부재는 경송류가 대부분이었다. 기둥과 사래의 느티나무의 비율이 높은 것은 조선후기 이전에는 소나무보다 재질이 우수한 느티나무가 많이 사용되었기 때문이라고 생각된다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

The wood anatomy of Mangifera indica belonging to the species of Anacardiaceae native to Bangladesh was described. The species of this family was distinctive in having growth rings, thin-to thick-walled, nonseptate libriform fibres, vessels with simple perforation plate and nonvestures intervessel pittings. Paratracheal axial parenchyma was vasicentric, lozenge-aliform and confluent. Axial parenchyma band more than 3 cells wide and in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. 3-4 cells per axial parenchyma was dominantly present. Ray height was less than 1mm. Body ray cells were procumbent with one row of upright and square marginal cells. More than one prismatic crystals of about the same size was present in upright or square ray cells.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2014

Pinewood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a serious pathogenic worm that quickly dry pine trees to death. Recently, PWN has been devastating huge amounts of conifer trees in Korea. As a first step to explore the association and ecological roles of fungi in PWN life cycle in Korea, in this study we first isolated and indentified fungi from PWN-infested Korean pine and Japanese black pine wood sampled in Jinju, Sacheon, Pocheon, Chuncheon, Gwangju, and Hoengseong in Korea. A total of 144 fungal isolates were obtained from Japanese black pine wood and 264 fungal isolates from Korean pine wood. Their morphology and nucleotide sequences of the ITS rDNA and ♌-tubulin gene were examined for species identification. Ophiostoma ips, Botrytis anthophila, Penicillium sp., Hypocrea lixii, Trichoderma atroviride, O. galeiforme, Fusarium proliferatum were identified from Japanese black pine wood. Leptographium koreanum, L. pini-densiflorae, Ophiostoma ips, Penicillium raistrick, Trichoderma sp. were isolated from Korean pine wood. O. ips and L. koreanum were the major species on the two different PWN-infected pine tree. The cultivation of PWN on fungal mat of the identified species did some enhance PWN reproduction. The ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a serious pest of oak trees in Korea. In this study we investigated filamentous fungi present in the body of the beetle. Fourteen genera of filamentous fungi belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were isolated. All the obtained genera were isolated in the mitosporic state. The identified fungi were classified in 11 distinct orders including the Ascomycota (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Ophiostomatales, Pleosporales, and Sordiales) and Basidiomycota (Agaricales, Corticiales, Polyporales, and Russulales Xylariales). Within Ascomycota, 13 species were found. Meanwhile five species were found within Basidiomycota. The results showed the presence of diverse fungi in P. koryoensis. Among the isolated fungi, some were able to produce wood degrading enzymes. Further fungal isolation was performed with P. koryoensis infested Quercus mongolica trees sampled at Kumdan mountain in Hanam-Si, Gyeonggi province from June of 2009 to June of 2010. Penicillin spp. and Trichoderma spp. were the major species of mold fungi group. Pichia guilliermondii was the major species of mold yeast group. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was also isolated, but its isolation frequency was not high. Other species identified were Ambrosiella xylebori, Fusarium solani, Cryphonectria nitschke, Chaetomium globosum, and Gliocladium viride, Candida kashinagacola, C. maritima, C. vanderkliftii, Saccharomycopsis crataegensis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2021

Recently it is trend to increase wood use as carbon neutral materials, there is recognized to need necessarily durability improvement of wooden building. It is very rare to report existing on the identification of isolates causing discoloration in domestic weathered wooden building used for long period. The objective of this study was identification of fungi that cause discoloration on the exteriors of weathered domestic wooden buildings in the southern part of South Korea. Our findings can be helpful to establish protection technology for weather deterioration of domestic wooden buildings. Wood chip samples presumed to be contaminated with sapstain fungi were collected from the surface of wooden members used in wooden buildings at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do (two locations, #13 and #14), and Jeju Island (two locations, #31 and #33). The growth of microorganisms was confirmed by performing culture tests for the collected samples, and fungi were isolated, purified, and identified. The results indicated that the fungal strains isolated from wooden buildings #13 and #14 at Jangheung, Jeollanam-do, were 99.83% and 100% homologous to Aureobasidium melanogenum, respectively. For wooden building #31 at Jeju Island (two locations), the fungal strain isolated was 100% homologous to A. melanogenum, which is the same species isolated from the wooden buildings at Jangheung. The fungal strain isolated from wooden building #33 (Jeju Island) had 99.83% homology with A. pullulans, which is commonly found in wood degraded by weather or ultraviolet rays. Our findings can be utilized as a basis for establishing protection technology in domestic wooden buildings.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2016

Gymnopus is a cosmopolitan genus of agaric fungi and consists of ~300 species. In Korea, Gymnopus represents common saprobic mushrooms, and 12 species have been reported in Korea. Several Gymnopus specimens were collected in Korea between 2008 and 2015. To identify them exactly, phylogenetic analysis was performed by means of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal-DNA sequences from the collected Gymnopus specimens. Among them, G. iocephalus, G. polygrammus, and G. subnudus have not been reported in Korea. A phylogenetic tree and images are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2004

경상남도 진해시 제덕동 제덕만 일대 해안에서 발굴된 목재유물 중 일부인 26점의 유물에 대한 수종을 식별한 결과, 소나무류(Pinus spp.) 7점, 상수리나무류(Quercus spp.) 15점, 가시나무류(Quercus spp.) 1 점, 합다리나무(Meliosma oldhami Miq.) 1점, 굴피나무(Platycarya strobilacea S. et Z.) 1점, 서어나무류(Carpinus spp.) 1점으로 판명되었다. 유물의 용도별로 구분하면, 연목(목책)의 경우 소나무류, 상수리나무류, 합다리나무, 서어나무류 등으로 다양한 수종으로 이루어져 있었으며, 선박부재는 모두 상수리나무류이었고, 선체편은 소나무류로 이루어져 있었다. 그리고 용도미상의 나머지 유물은 소나무류, 상수리나무류, 가시나무류 및 굴피나무이었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

During the repair and restoration of the Daewoongjeon Hall of Youngguksa Temple, species identification and tree-ring dating for both present wood elements and charred ones excavated under the Hall, were conducted. The species of 74 wood elements of Daewoongjeon Hall, were identified as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and only 1 was identified as exotic Pinus species. The latter wood, which was used in the laths, seems to have been replaced during past repairs. Many documentary records and various artifacts pertaining to Youngguksa Temple are being excavated, but none described precisely the construction date of the present Daewoongjeon Hall. Also, from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, cornerstone and foundation of previous building and several charred wood elements were excavated. In comparing the direction of the stone columns of foundation of the previous structure and the existing Daewoongjeon Hall, the previous structure was rotated in an angle of approximately $15^{\circ}$. Therefore, in order to find the association of the previous structure with the present Daewoongjeon Hall, tree-ring dating was conducted. The dating of 41 original timbers and 14 roof-filling timbers of the present construction elements revealed that the last annual ring was of A. D. 1703 with complete latewood, indicating that those woods was cut some time between the autumn of 1703 and spring of 1704, and the building was erected in 1704 when we assume no period of wood storage. The year of the last annual ring of the charred elements, which were excavated from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, was analyzed as 1674. The cutting year of the woods used for the present building began in 1698, therefore, it can be presumed that the Daewoongjeon Hall before the fire was a structure that was elected shortly after 1674 and that a catastrophic fire occurred some time between 1674 and 1698.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

Of the vast number of plant taxa in the world, the wood is one of the most useful resources. It is important to identify the fibers of wood and pulp for the plant taxonomy and for the uses, but we do not have enough information on them, on them, especially for the computerizd data. The fiber identification is one of the difficult tasks. In addition to the plant taxonomy and the fiber-using industries, such identification is also important in many other fields, including education. document examiners, etc. For these purpose, the fibers should be exactly distinguished. The TISS system I have programed to identify various woods would also be useful in the identification of fibers by the genus and species in the features of unknown samples and in searching the features of a species based on its scientific name. Such searching programs are being developed in many other countries with a view to searching for the species name by using the features of the cells of the woody materials. With the survey of all the available literature, the features of the fibers of 124 species both of softwood and hardwood were examined under the electron and optical microscopies. Each species were coded and carded by the feature, and the databases were built. The microscopic were inputted into a personal computer program called and by a slide film scanner. The new computer program called TISS 2 was developed using C computer language. Korean language fonts were added to the TISS 2. The TISS 2 can be in adding and searching a image of fiber features both of a known fiber and an unknown fiber. The databases were corded for the DELTA system with was developed by Dallwitz and Paine in Australia, 1986.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

Accurate identification of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a prerequisite to diagnose the pine wilt disease. However, a fungivorous nematode, B. mucronatus is highly similar to B. xylophilus and it is difficult to differentiate these two species by morphological features. A molecular diagnosis method, ITSRFLP was applied for the identification of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus from Korea. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single individual nematode and ITS DNA was amplified by PCR. The size of PCR product was approximately 900bp and the sequence data were obtained after cloning. Amplified ITS was digested by 5 different restriction enzymes (Rsa I, Hae III, Msp I, Hinf I, and Alu I) and provided a discriminatory profile for B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus. Besides, B. mucro- natus was determined to have 2 different genotypes, East Asian type and European type also clearly separated by Rsa I and Hae III digestion. European type of B. mucronatus is recently collected from Pinus koraiensis and has not been reported before. ITS sequnce data were analyzed by Restriction Mapper program and the result supported ITS-RFLP pattern. These data indicated that PCRRFLP method is an accurate and simple way for identification of Bursaphelenchus species.