• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2022

This study was conducted from March 2018 to December 2019 to identify bird diversity and environmental correlates within the Mulchat-oream wetlands in the Jeju Islands of South Korea. A total of 255 individual belonging to 37 species were recorded form Mulchat-oream. The observation produced a species diversity of 3.14, species richness of 6.54 and species evenness of 0.88 in 2018, and in 2019, the observed species diversity was 3.02, species richness was 6.56 and species evenness was 0.84. The highly dominant species are composed of Passeriformes. The absence of diverse submerged plants, deep water depth and isolated geographical locations makes difficult for aquatic birds to prefer this area, and this has resulted in the dominance of Passeriformes. The appearance of the birds was the lowest in the winter and highest during the summer. The analysis showed that the species richness and evenness increased with an increase in temperature and precipitation. However, the number of species appearing during Mulchat-oream significantly dependent on the temperature (P<0.001, df=2). To date, there has been little research on bird diversity together with environmental factors for the Hallasan National Park. This study shows the environmental factors and seasonal patterns that affect bird population.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.4 s.65
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• pp.203-208
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the seasonal occurrence of Green Rice Leafhopper(GLH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler population in the field at Jinju in $1977{\sim}1978$. GLH density was observed by suction catcher (D-Vac, 33cm in diameter) for overwintering population and by direct visual counting for paddy field population. GLH overwintered mainly as 4th-instar nymph in the levee and moved to the foxtail growing in the paddy with development after winter. The mean emergence date of adults, of the overwintered generation was on April 8 in 1977 and March 30 in 1978, and that of 1st generation was on June 11 in 1977 and June 10 in 1978. Adults of overwintered generation oviposited in foxtail from late April to early May. GLH occurred two generations in the paddy field and the population size in the paddy field was not greatly changed in two years.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity in induced vetch cultivars at paddy field of Cheonan (National Institute of Animal Science) and Naju (Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The vetch cultivars used in this study were 6 varieties ('VV4712', 'Welta', 'Penn-02', 'Ostsaat', 'Oregon com.', 'Sander 2'). At the Naju region, the most fast flowering date variety was Chinese milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 20th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 21.7%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest DM yield by 5,406 kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Ostsaat' was low by 4,852 kg/ha. At the Cheonan region, the most fast flowering date variety was Korean milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 25th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 16.9%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' showed the highest DM yield by 2,173 kg/ha and 1,883 kg/ha respectively, but the DM yield of 'VV4712' was low by 1,079 kg/ha. Crude protein (CP) content of vetch was 11.5%. 'Sander 2' showed the highest CP content by 14.4% and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content were 26.8%, 42.2% and 67.5%, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of vetch cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as main factor when induce vetch cultivars. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Oregon com.' at the Naju region and 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' at the Cheonan region would be recommendable for fall sown 'vetch' for dry matter production.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 2006

Remarkable winter season warming has been observed in East Asian countries during the last century. Accordingly, significant effects on dormancy and the resulting budburst of deciduous trees are expected. However phenological observations are rare and insufficient compared with the long-time climate records in the same region. A chill-day accumulation, which can be estimated from daily maximum and minimum temperature, is expected to make a reasonable proxy for dormancy depth of temperate zone fruit trees. To simulate dormancy depth during 1921-2004, a chill-day model parameterized for 'Campbell Early' grapevine, which is the major cultivar grown virtually anywhere in South Korea, was applied to daily temperature data at 8 locations in South Korea. The calculations showed that the chilling requirement for breaking endo-dormancy of this grapevine cultivar can be satisfied by mid-January to late February in South Korea, and the date was delayed going either northward or southward from the 'Daegu-Jeonju' line crossing the middle of South Korea in the east-west direction. Maximum length of the cold tolerant period (the number of days between endo-dormancy release and forced dormancy release) showed the same spatial pattern. When we divide the 83 years into 3 periods (I: 1921-1950, II: 1951-1980, and III: 1981-2004) and get the average of each period, dormancy release date of period III was accelerated by as much as 15 days compared with that of period I at all locations except Jeju (located in the southernmost island with subtropical climate) where an average15-day delay was predicted. The cold- tolerant period was also shortened at 6 out of 8 locations. As a result, budburst of 'Campbell Early' in spring was accelerated by 6 to 10 days at most locations, while inter-annual variation in budburst dates was increased at all locations. The earlier budburst after the 1970s was due to (1) warming in winter resulting in earlier dormancy release (Incheon, Mokpo, Gangneung, and Jeonju), (2) warming in early spring accelerating regrowth after breaking dormancy (Busan and Jeju), and (3) both of them (Seoul and Daegu).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2002

This study examines the relationships between atmospheric influences and grain yields including yield components as well as growth stages. Data used in this study were collected from the long-term field experiment at Suwon for the period between 1974 and 2000. Mean grain yield of barley cultivar, Olbori, for the recent 14 years(1987∼2000) with warm winters was higher by 0.42 ton per hectare than that for 27 years(1974∼2000) at Suwon as a result of the higher numbers of spikes per unit land area and grains per spike. However, the 1000-grain weight decreased by about 0.6 gram. Mean first day of regrowth for the recent 14 years was earlier by five days than that for 27 years. Also, beginning date of regrowth was positively correlated with that of heading and ripening. Mean period of ripening for the years of 1987 through 2000 was similar to that for 27 years, but mean period of overwintering was shorter by nine days than that for 27 years. On the other hand, mean periods of seedling and tillering were longer by three days than those for 27 years. Meteorological elements at various growth stages affecting grain yield of winter barley were air temperature (positive correlation) and sunshine hour (negative correlation) of overwintering stage, precipitation (negative correlation) of tillering stage, and potential evapotranpiration (positive correlation) of tillering stage. The 1000-grain weight was not significantly correlated with the meteorological elements. Culm length was negatively influenced by high temperature and dry weather situations during the ripening period, but spike length was positively influenced. Overall, it was found that grain yield of barley, cultivar Olbori, was iufluenced by meteorological elements of overwintering, tillering, and ripening stages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of induced annual legumes at paddy field of Cheonan and Naju from 2004 to 2006. Chinese milk vetch (wild type), crimson clover (C.V. Linkarus), forage pea (C.V. Austrian pea), hairy vetch (C.V. Oregon commen) were used in this study. At the Naju region, the earliest flowering on 2nd may was found in Chinese milk vetch, while the latest on 18th May in forage pea. Fresh, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields of crimson clover were highest as 28,870, 6,986 and 943 kg/ha, respectively. but the yield of chinese milk vetch was low by 9,885, 1,749 and 338 kg/ha. At the Cheonan region, the most fast flowering date variety was Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch was very late as 19th May. Fresh, DM and CP yields of hairy vetch were highest as 7,916, 1,141 and 113 kg/ha, respectively. but the yield of chinese milk vetch showed the lowest by 270, 42 and 8 kg/ha. The CP content of annual legumes was 14.3%. chinese milk vetch showed the highest CP content by 19.3% and hairy vetch showed the lowest content by 9.9%. The present data showed that the productivity was closely dependent on winter hardness, in conclusion, crimson clover at Naju and hairy vetch at Cheonan region was suggested to be the most proper species as winter crop after rice harvest on paddy field when considered the winter hardiness.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.308-313
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• 2008

"Jeokjoong", a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety was developed from the cross "Keumkang"/"Tapdong". "Jeokjoong" is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft white winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check variety). The heading and maturing date of "Jeokjoong" were similar to "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Jeokjoong" were 78 cm and 7.5 cm, similar to "Keumkang". "Jeokjoong" had lower test weight (800 g) and lower 1,000-grain weight (40.1 g) than "Keumkang" (811 g and 44.0 g, respectively). It had resistance to winter hardiness, wet-soil tolerance and lodging tolerance. "Jeokjoong" showed moderate to scab in test of specific character although "Keumkang" is susceptible to scab. "Jeokjoong" had lower flour yield (69.2%) and ash content (0.36%) than "Keumkang" (72.0% and 0.41%, respectively) and similar flour color to "Keumkang". It showed lower protein content (8.9%) and SDS-sedimentation volume (36.8 ml) and shorter mixograph mixing time (3.5 min) than "Keumkang" (11.0%, 59.7 ml and 4.5 min, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of "Jeokjoong" were similar to "Keumkang". "Jeokjoong" had softer and more elastic texture of cooked noodles than "Keumkang". Average yield of "Jeokjoong" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 6.19 MT ha-1 in upland and 5.33 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 19% and 16% higher than those of "Keumkang" (5.21 MT/ha and 4.58 MT/ha, respectively). "Jeokjoong" would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

'Jungmo2501' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. The following is the characteristics of 'Jungmo2501' that is characterized as light green leaf, yellow brown culm and whitish yellow grain. The heading date of 'Jungmo2501' was about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan'(May 7 and May 10, respectively). Its plant height was 11 cm longer than 103 cm of the check, and the leaf blade ratio of aerial parts was 26 % higher than the check (11.8% and 9.4%, respectively). The cold tolerance, resistance to lodging and wet injury of 'Jungmo2501' were similar to those of the check. The average forage dry matter yield of 'Jungmo2501' harvested at milk-ripe stage was 5% higher than the check ($15.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ and $14.7ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). 'Jungmo2501' was higher than the check in terms of protein content (6.6% and 5.9%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (58.5% and 57.6%, respectively), and acid detergent fiber (34.5% and 32.1%, respectively), while total digestible nutrients was lower than the check (61.6% and 63.6%, respectively), and TDN yield was $0.37ton\;ha^{-1}$ more than that of the check ($9.71ton\;ha^{-1}$ and $9.34ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). The silage grade of 'Jungmo2501' estimated by Flig score showed level II, meaning good quality. Fall sowing cropping of 'Jungmo2501' is recommended only for areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-6^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

"Baegjoong", a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Keumkang"/"Olgeuru" during 1996. "Baegjoong" was evaluated as "Iksan307" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2004. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2005 and 2007. "Baegjoong" is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft white winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Baegjoong" were similar to "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Baegjoong" were 77 cm and 7.5 cm, similar to "Keumkang". "Baegjoong" had lower test weight (802 g) and lower 1,000-grain weight (39.8 g) than "Keumkang" (811 g and 44.0 g, respectively). It had resistance to winter hardiness, wet-soil tolerance and lodging tolerance. "Baegjoong" showed moderate to pre-harvest sprouting (23.9%) although "Keumkang" is susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting (38.9%). "Baegjoong" had similar flour yield (72.4%) and ash content (0.41%) to "Keumkang" (72.0% and 0.41%, respectively) and similar flour color to "Keumkang". It showed lower protein content (8.8%) and SDS-sedimentation volume (35.3 ml) and shorter mixograph mixing time (3.8 min) than "Keumkang" (11.0%, 59.7 ml and 4.5 min, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of "Baegjoong" were similar to "Keumkang". "Baegjoong" had softer and more elastic texture of cooked noodles than "Keumkang". Average yield of "Baegjoong" in the regional adaptation yield trial was $5.88\;MT\;ha^{-1}$ in upland and 5.35 MT ha-1 in paddy field, which was 13% and 17% higher than those of "Keumkang" ($5.21\;MT\;ha^{-1}$ and $4.58\;MT\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). "Baegjoong" would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted to know a substantial body of information about the differences of the important forage characteristics; green fodder yield, dry matter yield, TDN%, TDN yield and so forth of the seven cultivars selected as the forage crops (Rye, Triticale, Wheat and Barley) depending on the specific times of cutting stage, on the Wheat and Barley Research Institute from October, 1983 to June, 1984, and the results summarized as follows. Green fodder yield & dry matter weight, when clipped at 20, 30 April and 10 May, of varieties Homil #2 showed the most yielding capacity, but when clipped at 20 May, Suweon#8 (triticale) showed the most green fodder yield whereas Homil #1 the most significant dry matter weight. Plant height, in the cases of Paldanghomil, Homil #1 & Homil #2, showed distinctly longer than that of Bunong, Suweon #8 & Suweon #9 and continued to grow even after the heading date. Dry matter ratio increased with time (Dry matter yield/green fodder yield x100). TDN % decreased but TDN yield increased with time but Homil #1, Homil #2 and Paldanghomil showed relatively the higher values. In the elements of nutrient of cell wall, Suweon #8 & Bungong among 7 cultivars have good quality. The reasonable clipping date of wheat &barley as green fodder crops are 10 May to 20 May, but if clipped before 10 May and 20 May, Homil #2 and Suweon #8 became the promising forage crops, respectively.