• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 2002

We investigated the quench properties of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) connected in parallel. It was carried out as an effort to scale up the current capacity of SFCL toys texts. SFCLs were based on $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7}$ films coated in-situ with a gold layer and fabricated by patterning the films into 2 mm wide and 42 cm long meander lines by photolithography. Two SFCLS were connected in parallel and tested with simulated AC fault currents. Initially the current was divided unequally into branches of parallel connection due to unequal resistance of the branches. However, once quench started in the SFCLs, the current oscillated between the branches and then was distributed nearly equally between the branches. In other words, the elements quenched simultaneously. The oscillation amplitude decreased as the source voltage was increased: the oscillation was the most prominent near the quench current. The observed oscillation and the consequent simultaneous quench was understood in terms of quench start and development in the SFCLs.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
• /
• 제52권7호
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2003

We have investigated the quench behavior of the series connection of resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) components based on YBCO films. Equal shunt resistors $R_s$ across individual SFCL components successfully produced simultaneous Quenches for 5 components in series, resulting in equal application of voltage to all components. If the two components having the highest and the lowest critical currents ($I_c$) quench safely, others quench altogether The highest shunt resistance is to guarantee the safe quenches of all components, leading to the equal voltage applications within the first half cycle after a fault in the short circuit test. The highest $R_s$ was found to be 28 ［$\Omega$］ for the components in the given quench environment. Considering the safe quenches and protection coordination, the optimal $R_s$ was suggested to be approximately a half of the highest $R_s$,, allowing wide selection of $R_s$ and $I_c$'s. This design provides a practical wav of connecting small SFCL components in series for high voltage application.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.3030-3049
• /
• 2023

With the development and wide application of hybrid network computing modes like cloud computing, edge computing and fog computing, the customer service requests and the collaborative optimization of various computing resources face huge challenges. Considering the characteristics of network environment resources, the optimized deployment of service resources is a feasible solution. So, in this paper, the optimal goals for deploying service resources are customer experience and service cost. The focus is on the system impact of deploying services on load, fault tolerance, service cost, and quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the alternate node filtering algorithm (ANF) and the adjustment factor of cost matrix are proposed in this paper to enhance the system service performance without changing the minimum total service cost, and corresponding theoretical proof has been provided. In addition, for improving the fault tolerance of system, the alternate node preference factor and algorithm (ANP) are presented, which can effectively reduce the probability of data copy loss, based on which an improved cost-efficient replica deployment strategy named ICERD is given. Finally, by simulating the random occurrence of cloud node failures in the experiments and comparing the ICERD strategy with representative strategies, it has been validated that the ICERD strategy proposed in this paper not only effectively reduces customer access latency, meets customers' QoS requests, and improves system service quality, but also maintains the load balancing of the entire system, reduces service cost, enhances system fault tolerance, which further confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the ICERD strategy.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.280-281
• /
• 2011

Special Protection Scheme(SPS) that operates scenarios about faults beyond the normally protective action is wide system protection technology for the purpose of wide areas protection. Therefore, the SPS focuses on the improvement of the power supply capability by protecting the system rather than protecting the system equipments. Since the SPS requires emergency operation, the operation schedule is set up in advance by analyzing various scenarios. Since the SPS's action scheme uses generator tripping and is a classical method it is presently the most powerful one. However, as the setting of SPS is set to the most severe disturbance, the scheme tends to trip more generators than required to prevent fault propagation. It is highly likely that tripping generator units to prevent fault propagation would result in difficulty of system management and possibility of load shedding. Accordingly, it is desirable that generators are connected to the system within the range that ensures system stability and intelligent SPS is currently under development to solve the problem being stated. In this paper, as a part of developing the intelligent SPS, application of the fast-valving and braking resistor scheme to the generators is being proposed and analysed to reduce the number of tripped generators.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2015

With the increasing development of renewable energy, it is expected that large-scale renewable power would be transported from the west and north area of China to the east and south area. For this reason, it will be necessary to develop a wide-area power grid in which the renewable energy would be the dominant power source, and the power grid will be faced by some critical challenges such as long-distance large-capacity power transmission, the stability of the wide-area power grid and the land use problem for the power grid. The superconducting technology for power (STP) would be a possible alternative for the development of China's future power grid. In last decade, STP has been extensively developed in China. In this paper, we present an overview of the R&D of STP last decade in China including: 1) the development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, 2) DC power cables, 3) superconducting power substations, 4) fault current limiters and 5) superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES).

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조명전기설비학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.371-374
• /
• 2004

Induction motors are a critical component of many industrial processes and are frequently integrated in commercially available equipment. Safety, reliability, efficiency, and performance are some of the major concerns of induction motor applications. Preventive maintenance of induction motors has been a topic great interest to industry because of their wide range application of industry. Since the use of mechanical sensors, such as vibration probes, strain gauges, and accelerometers is often impractical, the motor current signature analysis (MACA) techniques have gained murk popularity as diagnostic tool. Fault tolerant control (FTC) strives to make the system stable and retain acceptable performance under the system faults. All present FTC method can be classified into two groups. The first group is based on fault detection and diagnostics (FDD). The second group is independent of FDD and includes methods such as integrity control, reliable stabilization and simultaneous stabilization. This paper presents the fundamental FDD-based FTC methods, which are capable of on-line detection and diagnose of the induction motors. Therefore, our group has developed the embedded distributed fault tolerant and fault diagnosis system for industrial motor. This paper presents its architecture. These mechanisms are based on two 32-bit DSPs and each TMS320F2407 DSP module is checking stator current, voltage, temperatures, vibration and speed of the motor. The DSPs share information from each sensor or DSP through DPRAM with hardware implemented semaphore. And it communicates the motor status through field bus (CAN, RS485). From the designed system, we get primitive sensors data for the case of normal condition and two abnormal conditions of 3 phase induction motor control system is implemented. This paper is the first step to drive multi-motors with serial communication which can satisfy the real time operation using CAN protocol.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2008

한국의 원자력발전소 부근에서 발생한 최근 지진으로 한반도 남동부에 위치한 울산단층대의 지진활동에 사회적 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이 단층대의 지하구조를 규명하기 위하여, 울산시 북쪽의 동천강 계곡에서 고분해능 탄성파 굴절법 및 반사법 탐사와 조밀한 간격의 중력탐사를 실시하였다. 이 지역에는 폭 약 1 km인 계곡 내의 충적층 하부에 단층대가 남북방향으로 놓여있다. 24채널 탄성파 굴절법 및 반사법 자료는 타격점과 수신점이 공히 5 m 간격으로, 길이 835 m와 415 m인 두 측선을 따라 기록하였다. 중력도 이 두 측선을 따라 10 m 간격으로 131점에서 측정하였다. 탄성파 굴절법 자료, 고분해능 반사법 자료, 중력 측정자료 등을 이용한 종합적 해석은 이 울산단층대가 백악기에 겉보기 남북방향의 주향이동 운동으로 형성되었고, 어떤 단층들은 신생대 3기 혹은 4기에 동서방향의 압축응력에 의하여 재활성되었을 가능성을 지시한다.

• 암석학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.171-193
• /
• 2019

이번 연구는 영덕군 일원의 상세 지표조사를 통해 양산단층의 가지단층인 영덕단층의 내부 구조와 기하를 파악하고, 주변 퇴적층의 자세, 단층의 운동학적 자료와 단층암의 자기미세구조 분석을 통해 영덕단층의 운동학적 특성을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 음영기복도에서 총 40 km의 연장을 보이는 영덕단층은 트라이아스기 영덕화강암, 백악기 퇴적암과 화산암을 절단하며 약 8.1 km의 우수향 수평변위를 보인다. 주로 북북서 내지 남-북 방향으로 발달하는 영덕단층은 영덕읍 화천리 이북에서 하나의 단층선으로 달리지만, 화천리 이남에서는 두 조의 단층대로 분기되는 특징을 보인다. 이들 두 조의 단층 중 서편의 것은 북북동 내지 북동 방향과 북북서 방향의 단층분절들이 지그재그 형태로 연결되는 반면, 동편의 것은 북북서 방향의 하나의 단층으로 연장되다가 영덕군 강구면에서 양산단층과 합쳐진다. 영덕단층은 대부분 지점에서 $65^{\circ}$ 이상의 고경사로 동쪽으로 경사하며, 2~15 m 폭의 단층핵과 최대 180 m 폭의 단층손상대를 가진다. 단층핵은 퇴적암류, 화산암류, 화강암 등 여러 모암으로부터 유래된 단층암으로 구성되며, 이들은 모암에 따라 뚜렷한 변형의 차이를 보인다. 화강암에서 유래된 단층핵은 주로 단층각력으로 구성되며, 10 cm 이내 폭의 단층비지대에 전단변형이 집중된다. 반면, 퇴적암에서 유래된 단층핵은 화강암의 것에 비해 두꺼우며 단층비지대와 각력대가 교호하거나 렌즈상의 모암을 단층비지대가 에워싸며 발달한다. 단층대와 인접한 퇴적층의 자세는 주 단층면과 가까워지면 단층면의 자세와 유사하게 고각으로 경동된다. 단층활면 및 전단단열에서 관찰된 운동 자료와 단층암의 대자율이방성 분석결과는 영덕단층이 북서-남동 방향 최대수평응력 하에서 좌수향 주향이동운동을 겪은 이후 북동-남서 방향 최대수평응력 하에서 우수향 주향이동운동을 겪었으며, 우수향 주향이동운동에 의한 변형 특성이 우세하게 기록되어 있다. 이번 연구를 통해 얻어진 영덕단층의 운동사를 기존 양산단층의 운동사와 비교해본 결과, 두 단층의 주향이 다소 차이가 있음에도 불구하고 백악기 말의 북서-남동 방향 최대수평응력과 고제3기의 북동-남서 방향 최대수평응력 하에서 각각 좌수향과 우수향 주향이동의 동일한 감각으로 운동한 것으로 판단된다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2008

The importance of. identifying the causes of electrical faults cannot be overstated because of the accidents caused by over-current that take place at the home, the office and electrical facilities due to misuse, poor products and system faults. It is necessary to gather objective, scientific data pertaining to electrical fault investigation in a product liability(PL) environment. To date, no database(DB) has been built concerning the accurate cause analysis of faultyfacilities. In this paper, accident hazard and arc scattering when over-current flows in copper wire was investigated. It was found that when over-current flows in a copper wire, the copper wire became heated and bent and beads were scattered around the wire with a flash. It was determinedthat the fusing current and time was related to the current rise per second. For example, when the current rise per second was largethe fusing current was higher than when the current rise per second was small, and the beads dispersed along a wide area. Fusing time, however, was shorter. The possibility of electrical fault became highest when the fusing current was higher. As the current rise per second is short, the dendrite structure is distributed in the surface of the copper wire. These experimental results can be utilized for a fault process DB system in the investigation and the prevention of electrical faults.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.1516-1518
• /
• 1998

$YBa_2Cu_3O_x$(Yl23) Superconducting thick films on $Y_2BaCuO_5$(Y211) substrate were Prepared by surface diffusion process between $BaCuO_2$+CuO composite coating powder and a Y2ll substrate. X-ray diffraction shows that the Yl23 layer onto Y2ll substrate is the orthorhombic crystal structure. The specimen heated at $940^{\circ}C$ for 2h showed the maximum $J_c$ fo 500A/$cm^2$. Based on optimal condition, the superconducting fault current limiter(FCL) having a current limiting area 1mm wide and 66mm long was fabricated on Y211 substrate. A typical current limiting waveform was measured. When a voltage of 3V was applied, the fault current with a peak of 15A was limited to about 0.11A.