• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2009

Hesperidin, the most abundant polyphenolic compound found in citrus fruits, has been known to possess neuroprotective, sedative, and anticonvulsive effects on the nervous system. In a recent electrophysiological study, it was reported that hesperidin induced biphasic change in population spike amplitude in hippocampal CA1 neurons in response to both single spike stimuli and theta-burst stimulation depending on its concentration. However, the precise mechanism by which hesperidin acts on neuronal functions has not been fully elucidated. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we revealed that hesperidin did not affect excitatory synaptic activities such as basal synaptic transmission and theta-burst LTP. Moreover, in a current injection experiment, spike number, resting membrane potential and action potential threshold also remained unchanged. Taken together, these results indicate that the effects of hesperidin on the neuronal functions such as spiking activity might not be attributable to either modification of excitatory synaptic transmissions or changes in membrane excitability in hippocampal CA1 neuron.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 2021

In this study, we produced kimchi with cooked Dioscorea batatas yam based on the its outstanding nutritional value, biological activity, and pharmacological action. Sliced kimchi cabbage, processed white radish kimchi (kkakdugi), and whole kimchi cabbage were prepared with 3% Dioscorea batatas, and the physicochemical and bioactivity characteristics were analyzed. In three kinds of Dioscorea batatas. The pH of the kimchi decreased and its acidity increased as the storage period was extended. The period of the maximum total viable cell count of the sliced cabbage and the processed white radish kimchi (kkakdugi) was 14 days, while the period for whole kimchi cabbage was 21 days. The period of maximum lactic acid bacteria count was 14 days for all three kinds. For physiological activities, polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH elimination were highest immediately after production of the kimchi. Also, anthocyanin content increased as the storage period extended. The pH, acidity, total viable cell count, lactic acid bacteria count, and physiological activities were shown to be different according to the type of kimchi and the storage period.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2006

Hominis placenta (HP) has been used as an agent for promoting physiological function in traditional asian medicine. The present study was peformed to investigate whether HP acupuncture treatment in an experimental tumor mice model inhibit tumor growth through immunomodulatory effects. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with colon26-L5 cells on the back. Three days after tumor inoculation, HP herbal acupuncture treatment was conducted on BL18 acupoint every other day for three weeks. HP Herbal acupuncture treatment significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and prolonged survival rate. To evaluate immunomodulatory effect of HP acupuncture, splenocytes proliferation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and ELISA for IFN- ${\gamma}$, and IL-4 cytokine level. HP herbal acupuncture enhanced the mitogenic activity of Balb/c whole splenocytes induced by various mitogenic stimuli and increased immune cell population such as T cell, B cell, Th cell, Tc cell and Macrophages. HP herbal acupuncture caused a marked increase of production of Th1 cytokine (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ,) and decrease of production of Th2 cytokine (IL-4). These results indicated that HP herbal acupuncture suppresses tumor growth through a mechanism leading to a Th1 dominant immune state.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1835-1841
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• 2015

A cell surface display system for heterologous expression of the multifunctional cellulase, CelEx-BR12, in Escherichia coli was developed using truncated E. coli outer membrane protein C (OmpC) as an anchor motif. Cell surface expression of CelEx-BR12 cellulase in E. coli harboring OmpC-fused CelEx-BR12, designated MC4100 (pTOCBR12), was confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analysis of outer membrane fractions by western blotting, which verified the expected molecular mass of OmpC-fused CelEx-BR12 (~72 kDa). Functional evidence for exocellulase activity was provided by enzymatic assays of whole cells and outer membrane protein fractions from E. coli MC4100 (pTOCBR12). The stability of E. coli MC4100 (pTOCBR12) cellulase activity was tested by carrying out repeated reaction cycles, which demonstrated the reusability of recombinant cells. Finally, we showed that recombinant E. coli cells displaying the CelEx-BR12 enzyme on the cell surface were capable of growth using carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.682-688
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated about cell toxicity and oxidative stress of HepG2 cell by treatment of sodium fluoride (NaF) and fluoride extracts from krill Euphausia superba meat, shell, whole body and krill meal. The cell toxicity showed significant at 300 and $500{\mu}g/mL$ NaF treatment group. But krill (Euphausia superba) fluoride extract (KFE) treatment in all groups were not toxic. The superoxide radical production increased significantly in NaF treated group, but there was no significant change in KFE treated group. The superoxide dismutase activity was a significant increase 21.5% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ and 24.7% at $300{\mu}g/mL$ treatment group of fluoride extracts from krill meat, and 8.7% at $300{\mu}g/mL$ in krill meals, compared to the control group. However, hydroxy radical flux and catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity of fluoride extracts from krill meat did not change. As a result, for a short period of time, NaF treatment in HepG2 cells affect the cell toxicity and oxidative stress, but in the case of KFE, these were not recognized. Thus, depending on the type of food ingested with fluoride, cell toxicity and oxidative stress was found to be different.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.406-414
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• 2005

The genetic instability of cancer cells may be related to inappropriately activated DNA repair pathways. In present study, the modulated expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a major DNA repair protein, in human cancer metastatic cells was tested. The expressions of Ku70/80, regulatory subunit of DNA-PK, and the Ku DNA-binding activity in various highly metastatic cell lines were higher than those in each parental cell line. Also, the expression of DNA-PKcs, catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, and the kinase activity of the whole DNA-PK complex in highly metastatic cells were significantly increased as compared to those of parental cells, suggesting that the enhanced DNA repair capacity of metastatic cells could be associated with aberrant use of DNA repair, which may mediate tumor progression and metastatic potential. Increased EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling has been associated with tumor invasion and metastasis, and the linkage between EGFR-mediated signaling and DNA-PK has been suggested. This study showed that PKI166, the new EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, modulated the expressions of Ku70/80 and DNA-PKcs and also revealed the chemosensitization effect of PKI166 against metastatic cells may be in part due to inhibition of Ku70/80. These results suggest that interference in EGFR signaling by EGFR inhibitor resulted in the impairment of DNA repair activity, and thus DNA-PK could be possible molecular targets for therapy against metastatic cancer cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2002

Fluorescent species-specific DNA probe (AT1) of toxic dinoflagellate Arexandrium tamarense was tested on several other species, on comparison of binding activity at different preservatives for fixation of the cells, at different culture age and estimation of cell density by light microscope or epifluorescent microscope using whole cell hybridization. Th AT1 probe specifically bound to Alexandrium tamarense, whereas it did not bind to other phytoplankton, in particular Alexandrium catenella, morphologically similar to Alexandrium tamarense, could not react to AT1 probe. When cells were fixed with all three preservatives, labeling cells of Alexandrium tamarense emitted strong fluorescent signal intensity. In addition, regardless culture days, binding activity with AT1 probe was strong. The tell densities estimated by epifluorescent microscope were than those estimated by light microscope. The enumeration and identifying of Arexandriurn tamarense using DNA probe method will be contributed to a new biotoxin monitoring and prediction system in field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2005

Telomeres locate at the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of $(TIAGGG)^{n}$ and associated proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity of chicken cells during embryonic and developmental stages. The whole embryos and prenatal tissues such as brain, heart, liver, kidney and testis at different developmental stages were obtained from Korean Native Chicken. The amount of telomeres on embryonic cells was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) techniques using the chicken telomeric DNA probe. Telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Results indicated that the amounts of telomeric DNA on the most embryonic cells were gradually decreased during ontogenesis. Furthermore, the quantity of telomeres was quite different among embryonic tissues according to developmental origin. The relative amount of telomeres has more in regenerative cells such as embryonic disc and testicular cells than in non-regenerative cells such as liver, brain, heart and kidney cells. Telomerase activity was also highly detectable in most chicken cells at early embryonic stages. After 9 days of incubation, however, the telomerase activitie W

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 1967

In order to confirm whether acquired immunity or resistance can be developed by the repeated hookworm infections, the 150 mature actively moving filariform ancylostoma duodenale larvae obtained from the severe hookworm anemia patients were orally given to 8 healthy volunteers in three divided doses, 50 in each, at 5 day interval. Also the hematological changes as well as several ferrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$ were done and were compared with 10 controls. The clinical symptoms and signs were checked every day for the first 3 weeks and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment. The appearance of the ova in the stool was examined by the formalin ether method and the ova was counted by the Stoll's method. The following laboratory tests were done: 1) Red blood cell count, venous blood hematocrit(micromethod), hemoglobin count (cyanomethemoglobin method) were checked every 5 to 7 day interval. 2) Plasma iron concentration (Barkan's modified method) was determined every 2 to 3 week interval. 3) Radioisotope studies: a) Ferrokinetics: Huff et al and Bothwell's method were applied. Erythropoietic Index (% of normal)=$\frac{Subject's\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood{\times}100}{Average\;normal\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood}$ of the gastrointestinal absorption of iron: Radioiron($^{59}Fe$) balance b) Quantitative measurement method was applied. c) Determination of the plasma erythropoietin activity: Fried's method was applied. Following were the results: 1) The serum iron level was lower. The red cell volume was decreased, but with relative increase of plasma volume. 2) The plasma iron disappearance time was accelerated and the plasma iron turnover rate was decreased. The red cell iron turnover rate was markedly increased, while all of the red cell iron concentration, circulating red cell iron. plasma iron pool were decreased. The daily iron pool turnover and red cell renewal rate were increased. 3) The erythropoietic index, erythropoietin activity and intestinal absorption of iron($^{59}Fe$) were markedly increased. 4) The infectivity was $9.8{\pm}1.31%$ which was lower than that observed in the single infection. 5) From these observations, it is concluded that the hookworm anemia is essentially iron deficieny in its origin and some immunity acquisition is possible with repeated infections.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the effects of eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on the anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-microbial activity, and moisture-protection for cosmetic use. Whole ESMH (before fractionation), and fraction I (>10 kDa), fraction II (3-10 kDa), and fraction III (<3 kDa) of the hydrolysates were assessed in this experiment. As lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-${\gamma}$ caused the inflammation on Raw264.7 cell, whole ESMH and fraction I showed to be effective in inhibiting the induction of cell inflammation depending on the concentration, and also showed outstanding effect to suppress the skin inflammation. Fraction I inhibited collagenase and elastase activities to a greater extent than the other fractions, while all fractions had antibiotic effects at concentrations of 10 mg/disc and 20 mg/disc. In addition, it showed the moisture protection effects of skin on the holding amount and losing amount of moisture in upper-inner arm of the human body with a relatively low loss rate in skin, which confirmed that the hydrolyzed fractions of ESM helps to form the superior protective layer of moisture. It was concluded that ESMH fractions with different molecular weights, especially the 10 kDa fraction, have anti-lipopolysaccharide, anti-IFN-${\gamma}$-induced inflammation, anti-collagenase and elastase activities, and thus can be used as a cosmetic agent to protect skin.