• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Uniform dose distribution of the target volume is very important in the radiation treatment. We will evaluate the usefulness of Field-in-Field Technique use to get uniform dose distribution of the target volume and try to find Apply possibility out to a whole brain treatment patient of various thickness. Material and method : We compare the dose distribution when we applied Field-in-Field Technique and parallel opposed fields technique. establish the treatment plan to a phantom(acryl 16cm spheral phantom) and do the measurement, assessment use the TLD and Low sensitivity film. Also the assessment did Apply possibility of Field-in-Field Technique to 20 patient object of various thickness. Result : In the case to use the parallel opposed fields at the whole brain treatment $10-12\%$ high dose region appeared but reduce to $3-4\%$ lesses when we used the Field-in-Field technique. We could get similar numerical value the film and TLD measurement result also. The change of the dose distribution appeared to its ${\pm}1{\sim}2\%$ although it applied such Field-in-Field technique to various patient so that we were identical. Conclusion : We can get uniform dose distribution of in the treatment region if we apply the Field-in-Field technique at the whole brain treatment. Also alternate can play the role of the wedge filter and 3D compensator and We are thought by minimizing the obstacle to be happened due to the high dose region when radiation treatment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 1990

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginseng total sapoin (GTS) on locomotor activity that had been increased by caffeine. Catecholamines, noradrenaline and dopamine, possible mediators for the locomotor activity, were measllred in the mouse whole brain, cortex and the re- mainder. The locomotor activity was measured in circlllar activity cages equipped with six light sources and photocells. The catecholamine contents in the mollse brain were determined by HPLC-fluorescence detection. GTS (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the increased locomotor activity by caffeine (25 mg/kg) dose-devendently. Caffeine increased the norevinephrint and dopamine in mouse whole brain and cortex dose-dependently. GTS reduced the norevinevhrine in the remainder, and reduced the dopamine in the cortex which had been increased by caffeine.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1020-1028
• /
• 2019

Cerebrovascular disease is a common disease in the elderly population. However, we do not have enough understanding of brain-related diseases. Recent advances in microscopy technology have resulted in the acquisition of vast amounts of image data sets for small organs, and it has become possible to handle vast amounts of image data sets due to improved computer performance and software technology. In this paper, the author proposes introduce a method for classifying and analysing only cerebrovascular information in the mouse brain image, as well as a quantitative measure of the portion of the cerebrovascular in the mouse brain. The study of the cerebrovascular structure is significant, and it can be helpful to improve the understanding of cerebrovasculature. As a result, the author expects that this study will be useful for neuroscientists conducting clinical research.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2010

We have developed a whole-head MEG system for basic brain research and clinical application. The sensor system consists of a 152 SQUID gradiometer array oriented and located in a suitable way to cover a whole head of the human. The system measures magnetic fields generated by neuronal currents in the brain to get information on the brain activities. For this purpose, the field sensitivity determined by the position, orientation and geometry of the pickup coil as well as amplification factor of the electronic circuits should be known precisely. However, the position and orientation of the pickup coil might be changed from the designed specifications during cool down of the dewar and it is necessary to characterize the field sensitivity. In this study, we made calibration systems to determine the actual position and orientation of the 152 pickup coils and compared the localization results of the N100m source in the auditory cortex.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.17
• /
• pp.7595-7597
• /
• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with streotactic radiosurgery versus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone for patients with brain metastases. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study that evaluated the results of 46 patients treated for brain metastases at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Radiation Oncology Department, between January 2012 and January 2015. Twenty-four patients were treated with WBRT+SRS while 22 patients were treated with only SRS. Results: Time to local recurrence was 9.7 months in the WBRT+SRS arm and 8.3 months in SRS arm, the difference not being statistically significant (p=0.7). Local recurrence rate was higher in the SRS alone arm but again without significance (p=0,06). Conclusions: In selected patient group with limited number (one to four) of brain metastases SRS alone can be considered as a treatment option and WBRT may be omitted in the initial treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2012

Purpose: To determine feasibility of RapidArc in sequential or simultaneous integrated tumor boost in whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for poor prognostic patients with four or more brain metastases. Materials and Methods: Nine patients with multiple (${\geq}4$) brain metastases were analyzed. Three patients were classified as class II in recursive partitioning analysis and 6 were class III. The class III patients presented with hemiparesis, cognitive deficit, or apraxia. The ratio of tumor to whole brain volume was 0.8-7.9%. Six patients received 2-dimensional bilateral WBRT, (30 Gy/10-12 fractions), followed by sequential RapidArc tumor boost (15-30 Gy/4-10 fractions). Three patients received RapidArc WBRT with simultaneous integrated boost to tumors (48-50 Gy) in 10-20 fractions. Results: The median biologically effective dose to metastatic tumors was 68.1 $Gy_{10}$ and 67.2 $Gy_{10}$ and the median brain volume irradiated more than 100 $Gy_3$ were 1.9% (24 $cm^3$) and 0.8% (13 $cm^3$) for each group. With less than 3 minutes of treatment time, RapidArc was easily applied to the patients with poor performance status. The follow-up period was 0.3-16.5 months. Tumor responses among the 6 patients who underwent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging were partial and stable in 3 and 3, respectively. Overall survival at 6 and 12 months were 66.7% and 41.7%, respectively. The local progression-free survival at 6 and 12 months were 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Conclusion: RapidArc as a component in whole brain radiation therapy for poor prognostic, multiple brain metastases is an effective and safe modality with easy application.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2010

Ischemic stroke, a major cause of death and disability worldwide, is caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries that, coupled with or without reperfusion, results in prolonged ischemia (hypoxia and hypoglycemia) and, ultimately, brain damage. In this study, we examined whether methanol extract of the whole plant of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino that grows naturally in Korea, as well as Japan and China, and some of its fractions obtained by partitioning with organic solvents could protect human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) under hypoxic condition by inhibiting apoptosis. We also investigated if these extracts could attenuate brain damage in a rat model of 2 hr of ischemia, generated by middle cerebral artery occlusion, and 22 hr of reperfusion. The whole extract ($100{\mu}g$/mL) maintained the cell number at more than half of that initially plated, even after 24 hr of cell culture under hypoxic condition (3% $O_2$). In the absence of the whole extract, almost all of the cells were dead by this time point. This improvement of cell viability came from a delay of apoptosis, which was confirmed by observing the timing of the formation of a DNA ladder when assessed by gel electrophoresis. Of fractions soluble in hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), butanol and water, EA extracts were selected for the animal experiments, as they improved cell viability at the lowest concentration ($10{\mu}g$/mL). The whole extract (200 mg/kg) and EA extract (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size, a measure of brain damage, by 34.7, 33.8 and 45.2.0%, respectively, when assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The results suggest that intake of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino might be beneficial for preventing ischemic stroke through inhibition of brain cell apoptosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.379-383
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of silkworm extracts (SWE) on reactive oxygen species formation in mice (C57BL/6). Mice were administrated intraperitoneally with SWE (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last SWE treatment and then extracted the blood and brain tissue in mouse. The researcher measured several parameters related to reactive oxygen species formation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) contents in serum, whole brain, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The results showed that MDA content of pre-SWE treatment was decreased significantly in serum, mitochondrial and cytosolic fraction of whole brain and cerebellum (P<0.01). The $H_2O_2$ content of pre-SWE treatment was decreased significantly in mitochondrial fraction of whole brain, cerebral cortex and cerebellum (P<0.01). These results suggest that SWE plays an important role for inhibition of oxidative damage of cells as well as antioxidant effect, aging delay and cells protected from irradiation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.992-999
• /
• 2019

In this paper, I lay the foundation for creating a multiscale atlas that characterizes cerebrovasculature structural changes across the entire brain of a mouse in the Knife-Edge Scanning Microscopy dataset. The geometric reconstruction of the vascular filaments embedded in the volume imaging dataset provides the ability to distinguish cerebral vessels by diameter and other morphological properties across the whole mouse brain. This paper presents a means for studying local variations in the small vascular morphology that have a significant impact on the peripheral nervous system in other cerebral areas, as well as the robust and vulnerable side of the cerebrovasculature system across the large blood vessels. I expect that this foundation will prove invaluable towards data-driven, quantitative investigations into the system-level architectural layout of the cerebrovasculature and surrounding cerebral microstructures.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.179-183
• /
• 2016

Mapping brain structural and functional connections through the whole brain is essential for understanding brain mechanisms and the physiological bases of brain diseases. Although region specific structural or functional deficits cause brain diseases, the changes of interregional connections could also be important factors of brain diseases. This review will introduce common neuroimaging modalities, including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging, and other recent neuroimaging analyses methods, such as voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness analysis, local gyrification index, and shape analysis for structural imaging. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics, TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy for diffusion MRI, and independent component analysis for fMRI also will also be introduced.