• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.847-854
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• 2021

Platycodon grandiflorum (balloon flower) root (Platycodi radix, PR) is used as a health supplement owing to its beneficial bioactive properties. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and whitening effects of deglycosylated platycosides (saponins) from PR biotransformed by pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus were investigated. The bioactivities of the platycosides improved when the number of sugar moieties attached to the aglycone platycosides was decreased. The deglycosylated saponins exhibited higher lipoxygenase inhibitory activities (anti-inflammatory activities) than the precursor platycosides and the anti-inflammatory compound baicalein. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the pectinasetreated PR extract was higher than that of the non-treated PR extract. The trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay showed improved values as the saponins were hydrolyzed. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities (whitening effects) of deglycosylated platycosides were higher than those of the precursor platycosides. Furthermore, 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl platycosides showed higher anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and whitening activities than their precursor glycosylated platycosides. Therefore, 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl platycosides may improve the beneficial effects of nutritional supplements and cosmetic products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

This study was performed to improve antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts by nano-encapsulation. R. coreanus was extracted at $60^{\circ}C$ and encapsulated by lecithin and gelagine. Nano-encapsulated extracts showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 97.62% in adding sample ($500\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), compared to the extracts from conventional processes. It was showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production test by Clone M-3 cells as 55.23%. High inhibitory potency on tyrosinase was also measured as 155.8% by adding nano-sample of 1 $mg/m{\ell}$. The improvement of biological activity was demonstrated by real time confocal microscope. We could consider that the water soluble extracts of R. coreanus could be definitely enhanced by nano-encapsulated as a potent natural resources for antioxidant and skin-whitening agent.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Sibseonsan (SSS) is an effective antiinflammatory, anti-wrinkling, and whitening agent. Methods: To determine whether SSS had an anti-inflammatory effect, a murine macrophage cell line was used (RAW 264.7) and production of DPPH, NO, TNF-α, and PGE₂ were measured. To ascertain potential anti-wrinkle effects of SSS in these cells, collagenase and elastase production were measured. To verify whether SSS had a whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and DOPA staining were performed using a melanoma cell line (B16/F10). Results: There was no significant reduction in survival of SSS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, up to 400 ㎍/mL. Free radical scavenging (23.96 ± 1.85%) was observed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with SSS at a concentration of 400 ㎍/mL. The SSS treatment group (400 ㎍/mL) significantly inhibited NO production compared with the LPS stimulated treatment group. The SSS treatment of macrophage cells appeared to reduce production of TNF-α in a concentration dependent manner. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of PGE₂ by about 25% in the SSS treatment (400 ㎍/mL) group (p = 0.05). Compared with the control, the production of collagenase and elastase in B16/F10 cells treated with SSS (400 ㎍/mL) was greater by 26.37% and 45.71%, respectively. The SSS treatment (400 ㎍/mL) group showed a significant reduction by about 17% in tyrosinase production in B16/F10 cells. The SSS treatment group showed little change in DOPA staining. Conclusion: SSS extract may be useful for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases and may have anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. These results may support the use of SSS in clinical practice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.691-698
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• 2008

The aims of this study are to search herbal medicines that have anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, anti-oxidant and whitening effects. This is preliminary study as a finding for excellent and specific natural agents which inhibit the skin aging and whitening formation. In this study, the articles and the documents, which have been published in domestically or internationally, have been searched and analyzed. Articles were gathered by taking advantage of Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea's documents, Pub med database, Korean Medical Database and Korean Studies Information Service System. Among the many species of herbal medicines, we selected the herbal medicines showing superoxide scavenging activities, and 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging effects. The herbal medicines were showed anti-wrinkle effects on Metrixmetallo proteinase (MMP-1) inhibition activity and elastase inhibition activity. Also we found herbal medicines that have highly effect of tyrosinase inhibition, L- DOPA inhibition and melanin synthesis inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

Dendrobium moniliforme (DM) is a valuable and versatile herbal medicine with the anecdotal claims of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the whitening and anti-wrinkling effects of DM under various conditions with B16F10 melanoma cells and human dermal fibroblasts. The DM extract inhibited melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated group. Treatment of the DM extract effectively suppressed the ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanin formation, tyrosinase activity and dendrite outgrowth. Moreover, the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced mRNA expressions of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) and protein expression of tyrosinase were significantly attenuated by DM treatment. We also investigated the DM increased the production of type I procollagen and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced mRNA expressions of MMP-1, -3 in the human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that DM may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

Hyperpigmentation on face is a highly anxiety-producing symptom, especially for women from the aspect of beauty. Pigmentation of the skin is related to the amount of melanin that provides protection against UV radiation. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy is a non-invasive imaging tool allowing visualization of the skin without tissue alteration, by placing a microscopy directly on the living skin. The aim of this study was to develop the new evaluation method of whitening effects using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and to validate other instruments for measuring skin colors, and UV-induced hyperpigmentation was elicited on the inside skin of the forearm. It suggested that the new method for whitening effects using the confocal microscopy was useful to evaluate the de-pigmentation products and to easy for understanding to customers.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.528-532
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the collagen metabolism and tyrosinase activity of Meretrix extracts (ME). The effect of ME on type I procollagen production and collagenase activity in human normal fibroblasts HS68 after UVB (312 nm) irradiation was measured by ELISA method. The tyrosinase activity after treatment of ME was measured as well. Type I procollagen production was recovered by ME in UVB damaged HS68 cells. The increased collagenase activity after UVB damage was significantly recovered by ME. The tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were significantly reduced as well. However, the effects on tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were not powerful enough to be used as whitening agents. ME showed the anti-wrinkle effects and some whitening effects in vitro. These results suggest that ME may be a useful drug as an anti-wrinkle treatments.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.837-842
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop bathing aids as a strategic products to promote the medical tourism in Sancheong Jirisan Oriental medicinal herbs special district using medicinal herbs produced in Sancheong province, and to verify the effect of the bathing aids in vitro. We investigated the cytotoxicity activity, antioxidant activity, antiaging and whitening effects of Sanchung-PNU 1 (SP1) and Sanchung-PNU 2 (SP2) made with traditional medicinal herbs. The cytotoxicity activity was measured by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity assay. We measured the inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity to prove the whitening effect, and the inhibitory effect against elastase activity to prove the anti-aging effect. Two proposed prescriptions, SP1 and SP2, showed not significant cytotoxicity but significant (p<0.001) improvement in anti-oxidation, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects compared to the control group. The result shows that these bathing aids have excellent DPPH radical scavenging effect and significant inhibitory effect against elastase and tyrosinase activity. These findings suggest that these bathing aids have a strong antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the skin whitening and UV absorption effects of bioconverted Beta vulagaris (BBE) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SM4, and the effects were evaluated by measuring total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical elimination activity (RSA), and tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI). TPC and TFC of BBE were 25.0 mg GAE/g DM and 8.05 mg QE/g DM, which were 1.3 and 1.1 times higher than hot-water extract (HWE) respectively. RSA, an indicator of antioxidant activity, and TAI, an indicator of skin-whitening effect, were 36.8%, and 68.6%, respectively, 1.1 and 1.2 times higher than that of HWE. UVA and UVB absorption of BBE were 21.4 and 87.6%, which was 1.4 and 1.7 times higher than that of HWE respectively. When main substances of BBE were analyzed using LC-MS/MS, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, a type of polyphenols known to have high antioxidant and skin-whitening effects, were identified. As a results, BBE is expected to be used as a functional cosmetic material as it has excellent antioxidant, skin whitening, and UV absorption properties.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2018

Studies on seaweed-based materials have been progressing steadily day by day. In this experiment, we checked the anti-oxidant, whitening, and moisturizing activities of fermented extract from a mixture of Undariapinnatifida, Saccharina japonica, and Gloiopeltis furcate. Also, Lactobacillus sakei strains of kimchi were used as the lactic acid bacteria. The physiological status of the combined seaweed extracts was also investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging results showed that the inhibitory effects of the combined seaweed extracts were higher than the positive control. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and Mushroom tyrosinase tests were conducted during the whitening efficacy experiment. Hence, it was confirmed that the whitening activity of fermented extracts was greater than the extracts without fermentation. HPLC analysis of fucose (an active ingredient of seaweed) was also performed and a standard method for solvent conditions was newly established. This study suggests that the composite of algae extract has potentials to be used as anti-oxidant and whitening agents in cosmetics.