• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

As the recent construction projects have been carried out as a mixed-use complex project that includes architecture, civil, mechanical, electrical, and landscape, as well as become bigger and high-rise with the increased repetitive works, the TACT technique has received more attention as an effective method for achieving a target completion date by securing the continuous works. Although the TACT technique can maintain a steady flow without the interruption of works in order to utilize the resources of the repetitive works, it can not be considered as the systematic scheduling technique because the schedule computations are not possible as well as a critical path can not be recognized. This paper proposes the applicabilities of scheduling and monitoring the TACT schedule by the BDM technique as comparing and analyzing the methodologies for apartment finish works by the Excel, the Primavera(P6) based on the PDM technique, and the Beeliner based on the BDM technique that is a new networking technique, respectively.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2021

Background: Researchers have previously commenced examining the degree of concordance between parent proxy and child self-reports on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of many disease and impairment populations. Objects: To explore the differences between parent proxy and child self-reports on the HRQOL using Korean version of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires for applying to elementary school children and their parents who participated for a school-based wellness program. Methods: The focus groups were recruited for a school-based wellness program by implementing the following wellness services: 1) referring to a screening session for detecting potential posture-related musculoskeletal problems and 2) recommending home exercise programs. Before a primary field testing for the program, two focus groups were formed with a group of 9 parents and their 9 elementary school children aged 8-10 years of age. The parent proxy and child self-report versions of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were administered to both groups after completion of the wellness program. Item level Rasch rating scale analysis was applied to compute logit scales of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatterplot of item difficulty between two reports were analyzed. Results: For fit statistics of parent proxy report, all items except 4 items (i.e., psychological well-being, mood/emotions, self-perception, parent relation) were found to be acceptable. For fit statistics of child self-report, all items except 3 items (i.e., psychological well-being, autonomy and home life) were acceptable. The relationship between two reports using ICCs were ranging from weak to very strong at p = 0.05 (i.e, ICCs = 0.011 to 0.905). Scatterplot analysis between two reports showed a major disparity on self-perception item at 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Both item level analyses and ICC comparisons provided a disparity between parent proxy and child self-reports of the HRQOL on self-perception item after competing a school-based wellness program. Therapist should consider the item as part of the HRQOL assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.556-562
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cooking activities on the unbalanced dietary food habits of elementary school students and develop the effective cooking activity program for the improvement of unbalanced dietary behaviors as well as the food intake and menu acceptance. The subjects of this study were 256 elementary school students. The cooking activity group and control group were consisted of 128 students of $3^{rd}$ & $5^{th}$ grader each. Both cooking activity and the control group took the same 1-hour nutritional theory based class for 10 sessions. Only Cooking activity (CA) group took additional 10 sessions of 1-hour cooking class. Programs for cooking activity were developed and 10 cooking activity sessions were taken place for 4 months. The questionnairs were used to evaluate the effect of the cooking activities over the intake of food group, unbalanced dietary behavior, eating attitudes, menu acceptance before and after the completion of all the cooking activities. Cooking activities affect the unbalanced dietary behaviors and the intake of food groups. Fish, cereals, milk products, fruits, potatoes, vegetables were more eaten by CA group than control group. Eating attitudes and unbalanced dietary behaviors of CA group are also improved significantly than control group. From these results, it was concluded that cooking activities had the positive effect on the improvement of unbalanced dietary food habits over vegetables, cereals, fish, milk product and fruits as well as the unbalanced dietary behaviors of the elementary school children.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.461-469
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• 2013

Even though a sewer rehabilitation BTL project has been executed throughout the nation with the input of a significant amount of budget, the overall review on effectiveness of the project is insufficient. And disputes over effectiveness of the project and of the employment of I/I indexes for evaluation of the project are continued due to reliable issues of flux data which has been measured after completion of certain projects and excessive amounts of I/I. Thus, this study has reviewed effectiveness of the project, current status and problems of the installation of fixed flow meters as well as countermeasures based on 15 projects subject to the operation performance evaluation after the completion of the project. The review on operation of the project has revealed that sewer rehabilitation BTL projects are significantly effective and highly effective on reducing a rate of infiltration water. The review on the employment of proper countermeasures for main issues revealed during the investigation on the installation and operation of fixed flow meters has shown that such countermeasures could result in securing more reliable flux data.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.406-418
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• 2015

This study was designed to enhance preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) through scientific investigations based on current science education reforms. To do so, a science methods course was revised to include modeling effective scientific inquiry practices as well as designing and teaching scientific investigations in the K-5 practicum classrooms (Revised Science Methods Course). This study assessed the following research questions: (1) What level of PCK do preservice teachers have before and after the completion of RSMC; (2) To what extent do participants change their self-efficacy in science teaching after completing RSMC; and (3) Is there any correlation between participants' changes in self-efficacy and the level of PCK. Participants were 76 preservice teachers enrolled in a science methods course offered at a medium-sized university in the midwestern United States. This study employed the STEBI-B survey and the PCK rubric. There result of the study indicated that there was significant increase in Personal Science Teaching Efficacy (PSTE) of the participant preservice teachers after the completion of the course. Based on the PCK rubric analysis, there was a significant increase in mean scores of the post-RSMC lesson compared to those of the pre-RSMC lesson. The correlational analysis of participants showed a positive correlation between changes in self-efficacy and the level of PCK. Thus, it may be concluded that the reform-based science methods course had a positive impact on participants' self-efficacy in science teaching through correcting misconceptions, developing higher level of PCK, and modeling scientific investigation in their practicum schools.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Objectives: This study is to research delay time comparison for later defibrillation after hands off according to the changes in defibrillation electrodes. Study purpose: In defibrillation treatment that is the only way for cardiac arrest by arrhythmia, it is to find defibrillator device which can minimize late defibrillation delay time after important affect of hands off. Study object and method: After hands off according to the defibrillator device, we collected total 40 people for emergency medicine doctor, internal medicine doctor, general surgeon, nurse, emergency medical technician who are working at 2 CN, CS University hospitals in Gwangju Jeollanamdo district to find out hand off shock interval(HOSI). We then researched their general properties like occupation sector, experiences in clinic, gender, completion of AHA ACLS-P training and more. Then 40 participants continued ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest simulation training (using human-model mannequin) designed by researcher and performed their roles as defibrillation operator. Each of participant used manual paddle and performed 4 times of defibrillation (150J) during 8 minutes of CPR and in 8day, the defibrillator devices were replaced from manual paddle to self-adhesive electrodes pads and 4 times of defibrillation (150J) under same simulation condition as manual paddle were performed. Study result: In comparison for delay time of later defibrillation after hands off of manual paddle and self adhesive electrodes pad, the self adhesive electrodes pad ($7.0{\pm}0.5sec$) seemed to reduce delay time of later defibrillation significantly (p<0.05) compared to manual paddle ($10.0{\pm}0.9sec$). The self adhesive electrodes pad, according to the general properties of participants, had no particular change in delay time after later defibrillation for the statistics (p>0.05) but the manual paddle had statistically significant differences for the occupation sector, experiences in clinic and gender (p<0.05). Conclusion: In defibrillation, the self adhesive electrodes pad($7.0{\pm}0.5sec$) showed short HOSI compared to manual paddle ($10.0{\pm}0.9sec$) significantly (p<0.05) and it applied identically for both existence and non-existence of ACLS-P training completion, experiences in clinic, gender and occupation sector. The manual paddle had also significant difference in experiences in clinic and occupation sector (p<0.05). which means the effect on HOSI according to the job mastery. Therefore, if the clinic experience is short or in case for the occupations without frequent defibrillation treatment has a danger of lowering success rate for the defibrillation using manual paddle. Therefore, it is true that using self adhesive electrodes pad for defibrillation electrodes when performing manual defibrillation in pre-hospital as well as in-hospital steps can generally minimize delay time of later defibrillation after hands off.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

In spite of various approaching method to satisfy with the owner's requirements in schematic design phase, it is insufficient to evaluate intermediate process of design arithmetically with participating in design process. So the numerous changes of design after completion of design development cause a lot of loss to the design company. The designer arranges owner's requirements to prevent from this loss at the initial stage of schematic design phase systematically and lets owner and stakeholder to evaluate the value of schematic design to satisfy with owner's and stakeholder's requirements. If the evaluated value for schematic design is above a definite value index, the next design phase should be advanced. By this method, the design company can reduce the additional expenses remarkably by preventing with re-design which is occurred by not reflecting owner's intention or by changing owner's intention. Also the designer have the owner to evaluate the result of design and construction. The designer let the owner know whether the owner's requirement should well have been reflected on drawing or not. There is a strong point to be able to minimize the criticism which can be occurred after completion of construction by evaluating for owner's satisfactory degree and by having owner and designer confirm the result of design and construction arithmetically. This paper presents that the loss of design company can be minimized by going over at next step if the value is over a definite value index after evaluating value for each design from design process.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.452-461
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• 2005

In a bidirectional tunnel, the accident rate is 1.5 times as high as that of one directional tunnel , the risk of a fire is increased. On fire, there is a problem that the jet fan should not be operated until completion of refuge. To be special, as the great damages occur owing to the expansion of smoke in long tunnels, there is a need to minimize fatality by constructing cross passage and smoke removal system. This study aims at verifying the efficiency of smoke exhaust system through fire propagation simulation as well as scale model test. The results show that completion of escape through emergency exit requires 335 seconds, while addition of smoke exhaust system reduce the escape time to 185 seconds. Also, near the fire source temperature decreased by about $60^{\circ}C$. Without the exhaust system, fire propagation speed was in the range of 0.36 and 0.82 m/s, and it dropped to $0.27\~0.58\;m/s$ with the exhaust system on. Taking into account the escape speed of tunnel users, usually $0.7\~1.0\;m/s$, the emergency exit built every 150m is sufficient for the safe egress. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide fundamental information for the smoke exhaust system in bidirectional tunnels.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

This study analyzes through the review of literature and laws the exposure time, clinical frequency, and radiation exposure of intraoral and extraoral radiography as well as of panoramic radiography performed by dental hygienists in dental clinics, compares the dental radiology curriculums of radiological science and dental hygiene departments, and proposes the expansion of dental hygienists' radiography operations. The radiology curriculums were compared between the radiological science and dental hygiene departments of colleges. For new analysis by radiography for dental diagnosis, the exposure time, radiation absorbed dose, effective dose, and number of days of natural radiation were compared by the type of oral radiation films and radiographical techniques proposed by domestic and international studies. The exposure time of panoramic radiography is 15 seconds and it takes about two minutes for completion, whereas the exposure time of the standard radiography is 0.2~0.8 seconds and it takes 10 times longer for completion of the radiography of full mouth than the panoramic radiography. The standard radiography can cause distortions of radiation at severely curved parts of dental arch and palatopharyngeal reflex. However, panoramic radiography can be performed even for lock jaw patients, causes less inconvenience to patients and is much simpler than the standard radiography. The percentage of dental clinics where radiography is performed by dental hygienists was 92.0%, and the percentage of standard film radiography by dental hygienists was 98% whereas the percentage of panoramic radiography by dental hygienists was 92%. For the absorbed dose which is an indicator of radiation exposure, the When the effective dose which is an indicator of the danger of radiation exposure was converted to the number of days of natural radiation, it was 3.3 days for panoramic radiography, but 13.9 days for the full mouth standard radiography by bisecting angle technique which was 4.2 times longer than the panoramic radiography. There were two colleges that had a dental radiology course with two credits in the departments of radiological science. The credits for dental radiology courses in the department of dental hygiene ranged varied by college, ranging from 3 to 8; on average, the theory course was 2.2 credits and the practice course was 2.02 credits. To summarize the above results, the percentage of dental clinics where panoramic radiography is performed by dental hygienists under the guidance of dentists is high. Panoramic radiography has become an essential facility for dental clinics. It is faster than standard film radiography and less dangerous due to low radiation exposure. Panoramic radiography is a simple mechanical job that does not require training of oral radiography by radiotechnologist. Because panoramic radiography is one of major operations which must be performed at all times in dental clinics, it must be designated as intraoral technique rather than extraoral technique, or legalized for inclusion in the scope of operations of dental hygienists.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 2016

Exorista japonica is one of the major natural enemies of noctuid larvae, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera litura. The examined parasitoid was obtained from host species M. separata, collected at Gimje city and identified by DNA sequences (partial cytochrome oxidase I, 16S, 18S, and 28S). For purposed of this study, laboratory reared S. litura served as the host species for the development of the E. japonica. The developmental period of E. japonica immature stages were investigated at seven constant temperatures (16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, RH 20~30%). Temperature-dependent developmental rates and development completion models were developed. E. japonica was successfully developed from egg to adult in $16{\sim}31^{\circ}C$ temperature regimes. Developmental duration was the shortest at $34^{\circ}C$ (8.3 days) and the longest at $16^{\circ}C$ (23.4 days) from egg to pupa development. Pupal development duration was the shortest at $28^{\circ}C$ (7.3 days). Total immature-stage development duration decreased with increasing temperature, and was the shortest at $31^{\circ}C$ (16.3 days) and the longest at $16^{\circ}C$ (45.4 days). The lower developmental threshold was $7.8^{\circ}C$ and thermal constant required to complete total immature-stage development was 370.4 degree days. Among four non-linear temperature-dependent developmental rate models, Briere 1 model had the highest adjusted R-squared (0.96). The distribution model of development completion for total immature stage development of E. japonica was well described by all model ($r^2_{adj}=0.90$) based on the standardized development duration. These results of study would be necessary not only to develop population dynamics model but also to understand fundamental biology of E. japonica.