• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2023

In this study, we photograph driving obstacle objects such as crosswalks, side spheres, manholes, braille blocks, partial ramps, temporary safety barriers, stairs, and inclined curb that hinder or cause inconvenience to the movement of the vulnerable using electric mobility aids. We develop an optimal AI model that classifies photographed objects and automatically recognizes them, and implement an algorithm that can efficiently determine obstacles in front of electric mobility aids. In order to enable object detection to be AI learning with high probability, the labeling form is labeled as a polygon form when building a dataset. It was developed using a Mask R-CNN model in Detectron2 framework that can detect objects labeled in the form of polygons. Image acquisition was conducted by dividing it into two groups: the general public and the transportation weak, and image information obtained in two areas of the test bed was secured. As for the parameter setting of the Mask R-CNN learning result, it was confirmed that the model learned with IMAGES_PER_BATCH: 2, BASE_LEARNING_RATE 0.001, MAX_ITERATION: 10,000 showed the highest performance at 68.532, so that the user can quickly and accurately recognize driving risks and obstacles.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

Cyanide can be leached out from the cyanidation method which has been used to extract high-purity gold and silver from ores, and it becomes a variety of cyanide complexes associated with heavy metals contained in ores. Such cyanide complexes are considered as persistent and non-degradable pollutants which cause adverse effects on humans and surrounding environments. Based on binding force between heavy metals and cyanide, cyanide complexes can be categorized weak acid dissociable (WAD) and strong acid dissociable (SAD). This study comparatively evaluated the performance of photo-catalytic process with regard to forms of cyanide complexes. In particular, both effects of UV LED wavelength and surface modification of photo-catalyst on the removal efficiency of cyanide complexes were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the performance of photo-catalytic oxidation is significantly affected by the form of cyanide complexes. In addition, the effect of UV LED wavelength on the removal efficiency was quite different between free cyanide and cyanide complexes associated with heavy metals. The results support that the surface modification of photo-catalyst, such as doping can improve overall performance of photo-catalytic oxidation of cyanide complexes.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to compare the cultural characteristics of mycorrizal fungi associated with Pinus species, and to form mycorrhizal association with Pinus thunbergii by artificial inoculation of these fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi tested showed great variations in cultural characteristics. Most fungal isolates was best grown on MP medium, except PDA for Lepista sp.(Ln73/92). Hagem for Rhizopogon rubescens(FRI91017), and FDA for Paxillus sp.(Pa60/92). Optimum temperature for these fungi was $25^{\circ}C$, except $30^{\circ}C$ for Pisolithus tinctorius(FRI91004 and Pt1). The range of pH conditions favorable for these fungal isolates were also variable from weak acidic(pH5) to weak alkalic(pH8). Utilization of the carbon sources for these mycorrhizal fungi was different. Fructose, glucose, and maltose were all utilized well, while xylose was not utilized generally. Mycelial growth on the media supplemented with potassium nitrate was better than those on other media with urea, asparagine, or peptone as a nitrogen source, and the poor growth was observed on the media with urea. Pisolithus tinctorius(Pt1) among 7 mycorrhizal fungi artificially inoculated for the mycorrhizal synthesis on pinus thunbergii seedlings in the test tube containing a mixture of peat moss-vermiculite(2:1, v/v) formed mycorrhizae successfully after 3 months. P. tinctorius formed branched and unbranched roots covered with thick fungal mantle and radiating extemal hyphae. Mycorrhizal root cross-sectioned by hand, stained, and observed by Nomarski interference microscope showed typical characteristics of ectomycorrhizae: fungal mantle on epidermal cells and thick Hartig net hyphae around cortex cells.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

Recently, recognizing user resource for personalized service has been needed in digital content service fields. Especially, to analyze user taste, recommend music and service music related information need recognition of user music file in case of online music service. Music related information service is offered through recognizing user music based on tag information. Recognition error has grown by weak points like changing and removing of tag information. Techniques of content based user music recognition with music signal itself are researched for solving upper problems. In this paper, we propose user music recognition on the internet by extracted feature from music signal. Features are extracted after suitable preprocessing for structure of content based user music recognition. Recognizing on music server consist of feature form are progressed with extracted feature. Through this, user music can be recognized independently of tag data. 600 music was collected and converted to each 5 music qualities for proving of proposed recognition. Converted 3000 experiment music on this method is used for recognition experiment on music server including 300,000 music. Average of recognition ratio was 85%. Weak points of tag based music recognition were overcome through proposed content based music recognition. Recognition performance of proposed method show a possibility that can be adapt to online music service in practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2017

The propose of study is to examine the characteristics of companies with high possibility to form an internal control weakness using forecasting model. This study use the actual listed/unlisted companies' data from K_financial institution. The first conclusion is that discriminant model is more valid than logit model to predict internal control weak companies. A discriminant model for predicting the vulnerability of internal control has high classification accuracy and has low the Type II error that is incorrectly classifying vulnerable companies to normal companies. The second conclusion is that the characteristic of weak internal control companies have a low credit rating, low asset soundness assessment, high delinquency rates, lower operating cash flow, high debt ratios, and minus operating profit to the net sales ratio. As not only a case of listed companies but unlisted companies which did not occur in previous studies are extended in this study, research results including the forecasting model can be used as a predictive tool of financial institutions predicting companies with high potential internal control weakness to prevent asset losses.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

$Dy^{3+}$-doped $BaMoO_4$ phosphor powders were synthesized by using the solid-state reaction method and their crystalline structure, morphology and size of particles, excitation and emission properties were investigated. The structure of all the phosphor powders, irrespective of the mol ratio of $Dy^{3+}$ ions, was found to be the tetragonal system with the main diffraction peak at (112) plane. The grain particles agglomerate together to form larger clusters with increasing the mol ratio of $Dy^{3+}$ ions. The excitation spectra were composed of a broad band centered at 293 nm and weak multiline peaked in the range of 230~320 nm, which were due to the transitions of $Dy^{3+}$ ions. The emission of the phosphors peaking at 666 and 754 nm, originating from the transitions of $^4F_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^6H_{11/2}$ and $^4F_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^6H_{9/2}$ of $Dy^{3+}$ ions, was rather weak, while the intensity of blue and yellow emission peaking at 486 nm and 577 nm due to the transitions of $^4F_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^6H_{15/2}$ and $^4F_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^6H_{13/2}$ of $Dy^{3+}$ ions was significantly stronger. The experimental results suggest that the white-light emission can be realized by controlling the yellow-to-blue intensity ratio of $Dy^{3+}$ emission.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

The "flextime" system, which was initially designed to maintain a balance between work and personal life, has recently received much attention as an alternative form of work, enabling employees to fully exert their creativity. Most studies show that the effects of flextime on performance, productivity, attitude toward the organization, absenteeism, and turnover differ between managerial and non-managerial workers. This suggests that workers' personal characteristics affect their preference for flextime by directly or indirectly influencing its result variables. As most Korean companies have not adopted the flextime system, little research has been conducted on it in Korea. Recently, Korean companies have been discussing flextime as one of several measures for enhancing international competitiveness. Therefore, this study aims to offer a theoretical framework for the introduction of the system by analyzing the effects of the precedent factors on the preference for flextime. Though not statistically significant, a higher preference for flextime is noted among workers over the age of 36. Older workers usually are more conservative and less adaptable to change but here the older Korean workers may be anxious and resistant. Additional research on workers in different types of businesses using improved research methods will lead to more meaningful results. Married workers display a lower preference to flextime than single workers. In Korea, the current atmosphere focused on a happy home encourages married workers to prefer regular work hours, enabling them to go to and from work on a regular schedule. This means that normal working hours, from morning to evening, are preferred as it is the most suitable system for families. However, this is not so in the case of single workers. Unmarried singles tend to prefer flextime for investing in self-development toward future prosperity, over the benefits of regular working-hours. Flextime is designed to meet their needs to some extent as it is helpful in maintaining a balance between work life and self-development. If flextime is selected, workers can spend mornings on self-development and work in the afternoons. Therefore, when flextime is introduced in Korea, it would be desirable to start with unmarried workers, to increase corporate creativity and productivity and develop individual potential. In particular, when the five-day workweek, the main concern for companies and labor unions, is adopted, synergy with flextime could be expected and a gradual implementation of flextime will be effective. Gender difference shows similar results to marital status with male workers displaying a higher preference for flextime. It is inferred that male workers' attitudes toward flextime are more favorable than female workers' because flextime enables self-development and work life to coexist. A relatively weak, though statistically significant, correlation exists between control position and flextime preference with inner-control-oriented workers displaying favorable attitudes toward flextime. Generally, inner-control-oriented workers tend to attribute the consequences caused by any person or partner relationship to themselves. Thus, when a new system is introduced they are likely to have less reluctance and fear than outer-control-oriented workers, because they think it is important to deal with the new system. A weak but slight correlation exists between the desire for achievement and flextime preference. People who have a higher desire for achievement are willing to consider the new system, especially if significant success is reasonably expected. This result is derived from a reasonable judgment that flextime offers an individual the time for self-development while the organization benefits from the resulting creativity and performance enhancements. Although not the primary analysis, a high correlation is found between control position and the desire for achievement, which is consistent with the results of previous research. The regression analysis not only supports the preceding ANOVA and correlation analysis but also shows the existence of a causal relationship. Married workers have a weak preference for flextime, which is consistent with the results of the preceding ANOVA. Relative to men, women have a weak preference for flextime. No statistically significant correlation was noticed for age. Inner-control-oriented workers prefer flextime more than outer-control-oriented workers as the former view the consequences of change to be their own responsibility. However, the preference for flextime seems to be weak. As expected, people with a higher desire for achievement have a stronger preference for flextime, presumably because the greater the desire for achievement, the stronger the spirit of challenging an uncertain future. No significant correlation exists between job satisfaction and flextime preference.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2009

The motion data glove is a representative human-computer interaction tool that inputs human hand gestures to computers by measuring their motions. The motion data glove is essential equipment used for new computer technologiesincluding home automation, virtual reality, biometrics, motion capture. For its popular usage, this paper attempts to develop an inexpensive visual.type motion data glove that can be used without any special equipment. The proposed approach has the special feature; it can be developed as a low-cost one becauseof not using high-cost motion-sensing fibers that were used in the conventional approaches. That makes its easy production and popular use possible. This approach adopts a visual method that is obtained by improving conventional optic motion capture technology, instead of mechanical method using motion-sensing fibers. Compared to conventional visual methods, the proposed method has the following advantages and originalities Firstly, conventional visual methods use many cameras and equipments to reconstruct 3D pose with eliminating occlusions But the proposed method adopts a mono vision approachthat makes simple and low cost equipments possible. Secondly, conventional mono vision methods have difficulty in reconstructing 3D pose of occluded parts in images because they have weak points about occlusions. But the proposed approach can reconstruct occluded parts in images by using originally designed thin-bar-shaped optic indicators. Thirdly, many cases of conventional methods use nonlinear numerical computation image analysis algorithm, so they have inconvenience about their initialization and computation times. But the proposed method improves these inconveniences by using a closed-form image analysis algorithm that is obtained from original formulation. Fourthly, many cases of conventional closed-form algorithms use approximations in their formulations processes, so they have disadvantages of low accuracy and confined applications due to singularities. But the proposed method improves these disadvantages by original formulation techniques where a closed-form algorithm is derived by using exponential-form twist coordinates, instead of using approximations or local parameterizations such as Euler angels.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 2002

To investigate the effect of mechanical parameters on the circulation and its fluctuation in Sagami Bay, baroclinic model experiments were carried out by use of a two-layer source-sink flow in a rotating tank. In the experiment, a simple coastal topography with flat bottom was reproduced. The results show that the path of the Through Flow, which corresponds to the branch current of the Kuroshio, depends on external Rossby number (Ro) and internal Rossby number $(Ro^*)$, and divided into two regimes. For $Ro^*\leq1.0$ in which Rossby internal radius of deformation of the Through Flow is smaller than the width of the approaching channel, the current flows along the Oshima Island as a coastal boundary density current separated from the western boundary of the channel. For $Ro^*>1.0$ it changes to a jet flow along the western boundary of the channel, separated from the coast of Oshima Island. The current is independent on both Ro and Ro* in the regime of $Ro^*>1.0,\;Ro\geq0.06$ and $Ro^*\leq1.0,\;Ro\geq0.06$. The pattern of the cyclonic circulation in the inner part of the bay is also determined by Ro and Ro*. In case of $Ro^*\leq1.0$, frontal eddies are formed in the northern boundary of the Through Flow. These frontal eddies intrude into the inner part along the eastern boundary of the bay providing vorticity to form and maintain the inner cyclonic circulation. For $Ro^*>1.0$, the wakes from the Izu peninsula are superposed intensifying the cyclonic circulation. The pattern of the cyclonic circulation is divided into three types; 1) weak cyclonic circulation and the inner anticyclonic circulation $(Ro<0.12)$. 2) cyclonic circulation in the bay $(0.12\leq Ro<0.25)$. 3) cyclonic circulation with strong boundary current $(RO\geq0.25)$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.232-237
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• 1995

Antifungal protein from the hemolymph of larvae of Tenebrio molitor in Korea was partially purified by $C_{18}$ open column chromatography and assayed for the activity spectrum using 3 kinds of yeast and 4 kinds of filamentous fungi. The crude antifungal protein showed static activity for a broad range of fungal species. Weak cidal effects were observed in growing yeast type cells, including Candida and Saccharomyces. The affected cells were changed from ovoid to swollen and spherical form in shape. For filamentous fungi including Aspergillus and Fusarium, the crude antifungal protein affected the spore germination and the hyphal growth but not the viability significantly.