• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2012

Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient which primarily exerts its effect on host defense mechanisms and immune homeostasis, but the mechanism related to immune-potentiation is poorly understood. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are known as a potent antigen presenting cell (APC) that could enhance the antigen specific immune responses, we investigate the effects of vitamin C on activation of DCs and its related mechanism by using dendritic cell lines, DC-1. First, we found that there was no damage on DC-1 by 2.5 mM of vitamin C. In the presence of vitamin C, the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules was increased, but it was decreased by the pre-treatment of SB203580, p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor. We confirmed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was increased by the treatment of vitamin C. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C could enhance the activity of dendritic cells via the up-regulation of the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules and the activation of p38 MAPK is related to this process.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1989

식품 및 비타민 제제중에 존재하는 지용성 비타민의 추출 및 동시 정량법을 검토하였다. 역상 액체크로마토그래피에 의한 지용성 비타민의 동시 분리 및 정량은 메탄올 : 물 = 95 : 5 이동상으로 Novapak $C_{18}$ 컬럼하에서 이루어졌다. 비타민의 검출에는 UV검출기를 사용하였으며 검출감도를 증가시키기 위하여 분석중 UV 검출파장을 각각의 비타민 용리시간에 따라 최대흡수 파장인 330, 265, 285 및 290nm로 변경하였다. 지용성 비타민의 분리 및 분석은 40분안에 완료되었다. 시료의 전처리에는 알카리 가수분해법과 효소가수분해법을 이용하였으며, 비타민의 추출은 액체-액체추출법과 액체-고체추출법을 이용하였다. 비타민 A,D, E 분석에는 알카리 가수분해법 및 효소가수분해법이 비타민 K 분석에는 효소가수분해법만이 좋은 결과를 나타냈으며, 비타민 추출에는 액체-액체 추출시 diethyl ether, pentane 및 n-hexane이, 액체-고체 추출시 silica 카트리지가 좋은 추출효과를 나타냈다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

Gelatin soft capsules, manufactured by the press through package(PTP) process, are widely used in the production of multivitamin dietary supplements and other health functional foods. Gelatin capsules can prevent light and air from having a direct contact with the contents in the capsule, and the nutrients inside the capsules are preserved without any loss. In the present study, on the basis of the results on the safety of gelatin capsules. The parameters investigated included degradation of the capsules before their shelf life, capsule deformation, and changes in specific nutrients. Moisture and heat in the production and storage environments of the capsules caused the gelatin to swell and attach some of the inorganic salts in the vitamin contents. Nutritional component analysis showed that B1, B5, B9, and B12 contents were decreased, while mineral elemental analysis shown calcium, chloride, and zinc compound were found to be infused into the gelatin of the capsule shell.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2020

기능성 성분이 향상된 토마토 품종 개발을 위해서는 성분 정량분석법과 토마토 유전자원 간 대사성분 변이에 대한 정보의 확보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 토마토 유전자원23개 계통과 12개 상용 F₁ 품종을 이용하여 수용성 비타민 7종(vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9)과 폴리페놀계 성분 5종(quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and naringenin chalcone)에 대한 함량을 비교 분석 하였다. HPLC와 LC-MS 분석 결과, 수용성 비타민과 폴리페놀계의 주요 성분으로 vitamin C와 naringenin chalcone이 각각 검출되었으며 품종 간 높은 수준의 함량 변이가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 vitamin B1, quercetin 과 kaempferol은 전 품종에 있어 함량이 가장 낮았다. 대사성분 함량과 토마토 과실특성 간 상관관계에 있어 서 과크기(과중)와 높은 유의성이 관찰되었는데 대부분의 성분에 있어 방울토마토 품종이 완숙용 토마토 품종보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 하지만 naringenin chalcone을 제외하고 대사성분과 과색 간의 상관관계는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 본 결과는 토마토 육종과정에 활용될 수 있는 효율적인 대사성분 정량분석법을 제시할 뿐만 아니라 기능성 성분 고함량 육종소재 선발에 중요한 정보를 제공한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2011

시중에 유통 중인 영양보충용 제품의 수용성 비타민 $B_1$(thiamin), $B_2$(riboflavin), $B_3$(nicotinic acid and nicotine amide), $B_6$(pyridoxine), C(ascorbic acid)의 신속한 동시분석 방법을 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 영양보충용 제품은 정제, 연질캅셀, 분말, 액상의 4가지 제형에 대해 27종의 제품을 구입한 후, Ion-pair 분리기법을 사용하여 HPLC-UVD를 이용한 동시분석 방법을 검토하였다. 비타민 $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_3$, $B_6$, C의 HPLC에 의한 동시분석 조건을 검토한 결과, 이동상은 0.02% triethylamine, 17.5% 메탄올, $5{\mu}M$ sodium hexanesulfonic acid가 함유된 pH 3.5(acetic acid로 조절)의 수용액을 사용하였고, 용출시간은 다른 피크의 영향을 받지 않도록 30분으로 하였다. 수용성 비타민의 회수율은 96% 이상이었다. 본 연구에 의해 확립된 수용성 비타민의 동시분석 조건은 검량선의 직선성, 정밀성, 정확성, 기기적합성 등이 USP 및 ICH 기준에 적합하여 HPLC의 동시분석 방법으로 합당하였다. 수용성 비타민의 추출 용매는 제형에 따라 약간의 차이를 보이긴 했으나, 물이나 산성조건을 갖춘 HPLC의 이동상이 에탄올이나 메탄올보다 높은 추출 효율을 보였다. 초음파 추출기에 의한 추출 시간은 20분이 가장 적당하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 수용성 비타민의 신속한 추출 및 분석에 매우 효율적으로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2023

Kimchi cabbage is widely consumed in Korea, with the popularity of this pickled vegetable dish growing internationally due to its health benefits. In this study, the physical (size, color), functional (antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and flavonoid content), and nutritional (water- and fat-soluble vitamins) characteristics of two new kimchi cabbage varieties, namely red and gold kimchi cabbages (RKC and GKC, respectively), were analyzed and compared with those of the common kimchi cabbage (CKC). There were no significant differences in the thickness or length of the three kimchi cabbages, although RKC had the narrowest outer leaves among the three varieties (11.94 cm). Regarding chromaticity, yellowness was highest in GKC (29.86), whereas redness was highest in RKC (9.31). Furthermore, RKC had the highest recorded vitamin B₆ and B₉ (1,288.5 ㎍/100 g and 776.7 ㎍ dietary folate equivalent/100 g, respectively). On the other hand, the fat-soluble vitamins vitamin A (β-carotene) and K (Phylloquinone) were both highest in GKC (907.1 ㎍/100 g and 712.2 ㎍/100 g, respectively). Generally, all kimchi cabbage samples contained high levels of vitamin E (1.8-4.9 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/100 g). RKC attained the highest antioxidant activity and total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents among the three kimchi cabbages. These results show that gold and red kimchi cabbage can be used as raw materials in the food-processing industry.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to provide fundamental information on how individual phenolic compounds form on the inside of apple slices during cold storage, the changes in the content of four types of phenols, ingredient variation of individual phenolic compounds and the influence of phenolic compounds on enzymatic browning. This study measured the changes in the content of soluble solids, pH and vitamin C in order to investigate the correlations between these variables. HD and FA were the main phenolic compounds found in the apple slices, and HD was the most prevalent phenol. Furthermore, comparison of the CG and EP content revealed that there were more CGs than EPs. The phenol content tended to decrease considerably in the fresh apple slices and water-dipped apple slices but only slightly in the CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices and 0.5% ascorbic acid solution-dipped apple slices. The degree of browning increased in the following order: fresh apple slices, water-dipped apple slices, 0.5% ascorbic acid solution-dipped apple slices and CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices. The vitamin C content tended to decrease in the fresh apple slices, water-dipped apple slices, 0.5% ascorbic acid solution-dipped apple slices and CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices. The pH tended to increase in all sample groups, but the pH of the water-dipped apple slices was lower than that of the comparison group. The CP from sucrose-dipped apple slices had the lowest value of pH. The change in soluble solids tended to increase in all treatment groups, but this increase was less in the CP from sucrose-dipped apple slice. Correlation analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between browning and chlorogenic acid content. The results of the present study show that, when stored in the fridge, the change in phenol ingredient content in apple slices influences the browning of the slices. The results also showed that HD and FA were the main phenolic compounds, while CG was shown to have the greatest influence on browning.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.957-965
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• 2006

This research was conducted to examine the usability of Dangui (Angelica gigas Nakai, Root) and Seungumcho (Angelica gigas Nakai, Leaf) as functional food in aspects of their functional components and nitrite scavenging ability. Analysis of proximate composition showed that Dangui contains more moisture, crude lipid and crude protein than Seungumcho. On the other hand, Seungumcho contains more than twice mont of crude ash and crude fiber than Dangui. Dangui showed higher contents in phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and Seungumcho showed higher contents in copper, calcium, sodium, potassium compare to each other. Substances such as calcium, magnesium and iron that showed high contents in Dangui and Seungumcho are the most important inorganic substances. Total dietary fiber(TDF) of Dangui, sum of IDF and SDF, was 24.2%, and Seungumcho showed 28.18%. vitamin C contents of a 29.690.33 mg/100g appeared only in Seunggumcho. Total phenol contents of Dangui was 0.100${\pm}$002% and that of Seungumcho 0.0900${\pm}$008%. Nnitrite Scavenging ability of both water soluble and methanol soluble extracts were more than 90% at pH 1.2, and it decreased as pH level adjusted to pH 4.2, pH and 6.0.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2019

Vitamin $B_3$ (niacin) is essential for all living cells and plays a central role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin $B_3$, a water-soluble vitamin, is present in the form of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, a monocarboxylic acid derivative of pyridine. While nicotinic acid is commonly effective in lowering cholesterol levels, unlike nicotinic acid, nicotinamide is ineffective on lipids. Presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, which are the available forms of vitamin $B_3$, are different for each food. However, the studies in the literature are generally based on the analysis of total amount of vitamin $B_3$ in foods and the studies determining the profile of vitamin $B_3$ in foods are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the vitamin $B_3$ profiles of 10 kinds of animal based food and 10 different plant based food samples. In this study, 10 kinds of animal based food samples consisting of veal (veal steak fillet), chicken (breast), turkey meat (thigh), goat meat (leg, belly), lamb (leg, back, arm), mutton (belly), bovine meat (loin) and 10 different plant based food samples namely; barley, rye, wheat (bread), wheat (durum), oat, rice, dried pea, green lentil, red lentil and chickpea were studied by high performance liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization system. The presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were determined in the meat samples as 30% and 70% and as 87% and 13% in the cereal and legume samples, respectively. Nicotinic acid levels were found in low amounts in the meat samples. The amounts of nicotinic acid in the cereal and legume samples were significantly higher than the meat samples. Consequently, the plant based foods such as cereals and legumes, with a ratio of 87% nicotinic acid presence, standout as the best source of nicotinic acid and encouraging regular intake of those cereals and legumes containing rich nicotinic acid would remove nicotinic acid deficiency in human.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2015

The development of a sample preparation method and optimization of the analytical instrumentation conditions were performed for the determination of the vitamin B₁₂ content in emulsified baby foods sold on the Korea market. After removal of the milk protein and fats by chloroform extraction and centrifugation, the vitamin B₁₂ was water extracted from the sample. Following filtration of the solution through a nylon filter, the water-soluble extract was purified by solid-phase extraction using a Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The solution eluted from the cartridge was dried under a stream of nitrogen gas and reconstituted with 1 mL of water. The sample solution was injected into an LC-MS/MS system after optimizing the mobile phase for vitamin B₁₂ detection. The calibration curve showed good linearity with the coefficient of correlation (r²) value of 0.9999. The limit of detection was 0.03 µg/L and the limit of quantitation was 0.1 µg/L. The method of detection limit was 0.02 µg/kg. The vitamin B₁₂ recovery from a spiking test was 99.62% for infant formula and 99.46% for cereal-based baby food. The sample preparation method developed in this study would be appropriate for the rapid determination of the vitamin B₁₂ content in infant formula and baby foods with emulsified milk characteristics. The ability to obtain stable results more quickly and efficiently would also allow governments to exercise a more extensive quality control inspection and monitoring of products expected to contain vitamin B₁₂. This method could be implemented in laboratories that require time and labor saving.