• 한국어병학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 RT-nested PCR을 수행하여 부산 도심의 하천 중 동천에 존재하는 노로바이러스를 검출하고자 하였다. 기존에 보고되어진 노로바이러스의 capsid protein의 염기서열을 비교하여 노로바이러스 genogroup I,II (GI,II) 를 검출하기 위한 새로운 degenerated primer sets (PNK, KGIF/KGIR and KG2F/KG2R) 를 제작하였으며, 채수한 동천 시료를 초고속원심분리기를 통해 농축 후 물 속에 존재하는 노로바이러스의 검출을 시도하였다. 노로바이러스를 검출하기 위해 PCR primer를 비교한 결과 본 연구에서 제작한 capsid protein gene을 target으로 하는 primer set가 기존에 보고되어 있는 primer set보다 동일 시료에 대한 검출빈도가 우수하였다. 동천에 존재하는 노로바이러스의 오염 수준은 GI과 GII가 각각 76.47% (13/17), 70.59% (12/17) 로 나타났다. 그러나 기존에 알려진 primer와 본 연구에서 제작한 primer를 사용하였을 때 검출된 양성비율이 차이가 나지 않았다. 검출된 노로바이러스를 염기서열 비교를 통한 계통 발생학적 분석 결과, 동천에서 검출된 GI의 경우 1/2/4/5/9/10의 genotype이 GII의 경우 3/4/5/11/13의 genotype으로 분류되었다. 그리고 본 연구에서 검출된 major type 중 GII/4의 경우, 최근 아시아 각국에서 많은 문제를 일으키고 있는 major genotype으로 알려져 노로바이러스에 대한 위험성을 제고하게 하였다. 또한, 이러한 결과는 국내의 강, 호수, 하천 등이 비슷한 노로바이러스의 GI,II의 genotype으로 오염되어 있음을 암시하며 수계환경 중 미생물의 질을 개선하기 위한 지속적인 노로바이러스의 모니터링이 요구된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2020

Human Astrovirus (HuAstV), known as a waterborne virus, is a group IV positive-sense single-stranded RNA that belongs to Astroviridae. The first outbreak of HuAstV was reported in England in 1975. HuAstV can exist not only among clinical patients but also in various water environments, such as water for agriculture and vegetables. For diagnosis of HuAstV from water samples, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system has been developed. However, the PCR-based diagnostic method has problems in field application, such as reaction time, sensitivity and specificity. For this reason, in this study we developed the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) system, aimed specifically at HuAstV. Three prepared LAMP primer sets were tested by specificity, non-specificity and sensitivity; one LAMP primer set was selected with optimum reaction temperature. The developed LAMP primer set reaction conditions were confirmed at 62℃, and detection sensitivity was 1 fg/μL. In addition, restriction enzyme HaeIII (GG/CC) was introduced to confirm that the LAMP reaction was positive. As a result, selected LAMP primer set was 100 - 1000 times more specific, rapid, and sensitive than conventional-nested PCR methods. For verification of the developed LAMP assay, twenty samples of cDNA from groundwater samples were tested. We expect that the developed LAMP assay will be used to diagnose HuAstV from various samples.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2007

Characteristics of polyaniline anti-corrosive coatings with various primer coating resins(epoxy resin, urethane resin, and others) and top coating resins(epoxy and acrylic urethane resins) were investigated through adhesion, acid resistance, alkaline resistance, water resistance, and anti-corrosion tests. As a result, the anti-corrosive properties of the prepared coatings using polyaniline varied with the types of primer and top coating resins. In this condition, the properties of adhesion, chemical resistance, and water resistance were found to be very satisfactory when using emeraldine base (EB) of polyaniline blended with single-packaged urethane and acrylic urethane resins as the primer coatings, and using acrylic urethane resin as the top coatings. Also, the anti-corrosive function of these anti-corrosive coatings was well preserved for 1000 hr in the salt spray experiment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2010

현장의 환경 시료를 대상으로 Real-Time PCR법과 LC/MS법을 이용하여 마이크로시스틴 검출방법을 비교 연구하였다. 3종류의 primer쌍을 이용하여 3종의 Microcystis aeruginosa 표준균주를 대상으로 Real-Time PCR법을 실시한 결과 TOX2P/TOX2M primer를 이용한 균주에서만 마이크로시스틴이 검출되었다. 2009년 6~9월 사이에 남조류가 발생한 상수원수 시료를 정립된 Real-Time PCR법과 기존의 LC/MS법으로 실험한 결과 11개 시료 모두에서 마이크로시스틴이 검출되었고, 농도는 5.98~219.0 ${\mu}g/l$ 범위로 조사되었다. 정수처리 공정별 실험에서는 BAC 여과 단계에서 마이크로시스틴이 완전히 제거되는 것으로 나타났다. 실험결과 Real-Time PCR법은 기존의 표준시험방법인 LC/MS법 보다 분석시간을 많이 단축시키는 것으로 나타나 효과적인 마이크로시스틴 검출방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2000

This study evaluated the effects of four adhesive metal primers on the shear bond strength of a heat curing denture base resin(Lucitone 199) to cobalt-chromium alloy(Biosil-f). The adhesive metal primers were Cesead Opaque Primer, Metal Primer, MR Bond, and Super-Bond liquid. The metal surface primed or nonprimed was filled with the heat-curing methyl methacrylate resin. The specimens were stored in water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and the alternately immersed in water bath at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ for up to 2,000 thermal cycles. Shear bond strengths were measured using UTM at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Failure surface were examined under magnifying glasses. All the primers examined improved the shear bond strength between denture base resin and cobalt-chromium alloy compared with nonprimed specimens before thermal cycling. The bond strength of Cesead Opaque Primer was greatest. And after 2,000 thermal cycles, the bond strengths between resin and cobalt-chromium alloy were decreased but the difference between thermal cycling 0 and 2,000 at Cesead Opaque primer and Metal Primer were not significant. This study indicated that Cesead Opaque Primer & Metal Primer is effective primers to obtain higher bond strength between heat cured denture base resin and cobalt-chromium alloy.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2010

선박평형 수는 유독 와편모조류 및 다양한 미세조류의 국제적인 이동경로로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 선박평형 수에 있는 와편모조류의 다양성을 조사하기 위하여 와편모조류 특이적인 PCR primer와 종 특이적인 real-time PCR 유전자 탐침자를 이용하였다. 선박평형 수 시료에 대한 광학현미경 조사에서는 와편모조류가 매우 낮은 농도로 관찰되었지만, SSU rDNA의 cloning 및 염기서열 분석 결과에서는 기생 와편모조류, 초미세플랑크톤, 어패류 폐사 원인종 등 다양한 종류가 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 종 톡이적 PCR primer와 같은 분자생물학적 방법이 선박 평형 수에 외래 유입종의 신속 정확한 진단에 유용함을 보여주고 있다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

남조류의 독성 잠재력을 확인하기 위해 microcystins 합성 유전자인 mcyB에 특이적으로 작용하는 TOX2P/TOX2M primer쌍을 이용한 whole-cell PCR을 실시하였다. 환경시료를 대상으로 한 실험 결과에서 TOX2P/TOX2M primer쌍은 약 1,000 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 낮은 밀도에서 효과적으로 mcyB 유전자의 증폭에 성공하였으며, mcyB유전자를 지닌 종들은 모두 ELISA분석에 의해 microcystins의 생성이 확인되었다. 따라서, TOX2P/TOX2M primer쌍은 국내의 수체에서 독성 남조류의 신속하고 효과적인 검출을 위한 유용한 probe로 판단되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.126-142
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various dentin surface treatments on shear bond strength, microhardness and fracture mode before and after thermocycling. Recently extracted 75 human molars were used. The teeth were sagittal sectioned faciolingually to obtain 150 specimens. They were randomly divided into six groups. Mesial and distal dentinal surfaces of specimens were exposed by grinding and treated respectively with GC-DENTIN CONDITIONER. 10-3 solution of 4-Meta, Cleansar and Primer of GLUMA, Scotchprep of Scotchbond 2, DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of ALL BOND according to the manufacturers directions. Specimens of one group were not treated. Adhesive agent of Scotchbond 2, were applied and cured on the treated dentin surfaces. After P-50 were cured on them, specimens were stored in 31c water for 24 hours before shear bond strength measurement Shear bond strength was measured in 10 specimens of each group. 10 specimens of each group were thermocycled in $20^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$,$20^{\circ}C$, $4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ water in order, for 30 seconds respectively, 100 times a day for 7 days. After thermocycling shear bond strength was measured. Microhardness was checked on treated dentin surface and fractured dentin surface in 10 specimens respectievly. Francture modes were observed with SEM The following results were obtained. 1. Before thermocycling. shear bond strengths in the specimens treated with DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of ALL BOND were significantly higher than those in other specimens(P<0.01). 2. After thermocycling. shear bond strengths in the specimens treated with Cleanser and Primer of GLUMA, Scotchprep of Scotchbond 2 and DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of AIL BOND were significantly higher than those in specimens not: treated, treated with GC-DENTIN CONDITIONER and 10-3 solution of 4-Meta(P<0.01). Shear bond strengths in the specimens treated with GC-DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of ALL BOND were significantly higher than those in other specimens except those treated with Scotchprep of Srotchbond 2(P<0.01). 3. Shear bond strengths after thermocycling were reduced in the specimens not treated, treated with GC-DENTIN CONDITIONER and 10-3 solution of 4-Meta and were increased in the specimens treated with Cleanser and Primer of GLUMA, Scotchprep of Scotchbond 2, without significance, compared with those before thermocycling. In the specimens treated with DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of ALL BOND, shear bond strengths after thermocycling were significantly increased, compared with those before thermocycling(P<0.01). 4. Microhardnesses in the fractured surfaces after shear bond strength measurement were significantly increased in the specimens treated with 10-3 solution of 4-Meta and significantly decreased in the specimens treated with DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of ALL BOND, compared with those in the treated dentin surfaces(P<0.01). 5. In the specimens treated with Cleanser and Primer of GLUMA, Scotchprep of Scotchbond 2 and DENTIN CONDITIONER and PRIMER A, B of ALL BOND, cohesive fracture modes were observed more than adhesive fracture modes.

• 환경생물
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.321-324
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• 2001

일반적으로 지하수환경은 세균의 수가 적기 때문에 세균의 핵산을 추출하기 위해서는 지하수 시료의 여과를 통하여 대량의 세균을 획득하는 것이 우선적으로 요구되어왔다. 그러나 이러한 여과법은 많은 시간과 인력의 낭비 뿐만 아니라 실험 과정의 특수성으로 인하여 오염의 위험성이 높다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 구아니딘 열탕법을 이용하여 소량의 지하수 시료로부터 핵산증폭실험에 적용할 수 있는 충분한 양의 핵산의 추출을 시도하였다. 지하수 시료는 서울시 내의 질소화합물 요염지역, 오염 예상지역, 청정지역으로 구분하여 각각 2개의 정점을 선별하여 총 6개의 정점으로부터 채수하였다. 구아니딘 열탕법을 이용하여 얻은 핵산으로 지하수에서 탈질화세균의 존재 여부를 검정한 결과 청정지역을 제외한 4개의 정점에서 탈질화 세균의 존재를 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.498-503
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rewetting effect of water-based primer on the air-dried dentin. In this in vitro study, freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Flat occlusal dentin surface were prepared using low-speed diamond saw, Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1.(W): etched(35% phosphoric acid for 15s) and blot-dried, Group 2.(5D): 5s air-dried, Group 3.(30D): 30s ail-dried, To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, primer was mixed with rhodamine B and bonding resin was mixed with fluorescein. Microscopic sample of each group were obtained after longitudinal section. Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and thickness of hybrid layer measurement using CLSM were done. Microtensile bond strength for each specimen was measured. Specimen were observed under microscope to examine the failure patterns of interface between resin and dentin. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The results(mean) of Thickness of hybrid layer were W:19.67, 5D:20.9, 30D:10$\mu\textrm{m}$. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to Wand 5D(P<0.05). 2. The results(mean) of Microtensile bond strength were W:16.02, 5D:14.69, 30D:11.14MPa. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to Wand 5D(P<0.05). 3. There were positive correlation between Thickness of hybrid layer and microtensile bond strength(P<0.05).