• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of children's values, parent-child interaction, family cohesion and flexibility on paternal and maternal warmth and control parenting. Method: The sample used in this study included 806 parents of boys and 748 of girls who were first married couples and living together in the 6th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify the effect of predictable variances on paternal and maternal parenting. Results: Variables found to have a statistically significant effect on parenting differed in terms of warmth and control parenting. Fathers who engaged in playing with their children were found to have a strong effect on paternal warmth parenting, whereas participation in children's activities has the strongest effect on maternal warmth parenting. Conclusions: This study suggested that there were differences in paternal and maternal warmth and control parenting according to the gender of the child. Further implications were discussed for exploring maternal and paternal parenting of young children.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to develop the parenting style scale which is reflecting cultural background of Korean parent's parenting for their children. The instalment was designed based on the literature reviews and on the Baumrind's parenting style. A total of three hundred and sixty two mothers whose children from first and second grade in elementary school completed the Questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted with the items addressing different types of parenting style which include love and care, encouragement of independence, enjoyment in parenting, communication, control, control of aggressiveness, strategies of control , request of maturity. Factor of analysis was applied to examine validity of Korean parenting style scale. Based on the factor analysis, 33 items selected for final questionnaire and two factors discovered. The first factor which named 'warmth'included 20 items such as love and care toward their children, communication, enjoyment in parenting, encouragement toward independency. The second factor which named'control'included 13 items such as control of children's behavior and discipline of children. Warmth factor accounted for 46% of variance and control factor accounted for 18% of variance. Internal consistency was also checked. Although warmth and control factor represented a moderate internal consistency, control factor showed lower correlations then warmth factor. The reliability estimates (Cronbach alpha) were. 87 and 71 for warmth and control factor respectively. Korean parenting style scale can be used to address the appropriateness of Baumrind's theoretical assumptions in parenting style as well as to examine parenting style for Korean population. However, this instalment was developed with Korean mothers only. Further analysis need to be addressed with fathers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mother's warmth, control and toddler's attachment security. Subjects were 83 three-year old children and their mothers in Jeonju city. The intruments of this study were the Parenting Style Scale(Cho et at.,1999) and Attachment Q-set(AQS; Waters,1987). Mothers rated the questionnaire and observed a child through AQS at home. The results showed that the mean of the child attachment security was .39 and the range of attachment score was from -0.07 to 0.79. The scores of mothers' warmth and control were above the mean. The child's attachment security was predicted by mother's warmth. Mother's warmth appeared to be meaningful for child to develop the secure attachment. The result of this study suggested that authoritative parenting characterized with warmth and control was significantly associated with the child's attachment security.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.37-57
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the sequential mediating effects of self-esteem and positive peer play interaction between warmth parenting and the social competence of preschoolers. Methods: The 7th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children(2014) was used to analyze 1,113 preschoolers. Sequential mediation effects were analyzed using SPSS Process Macro(Hayes, 2013). Results: Warmth parenting indirectly affected preschooler's social competence (cooperation, assertion, self-control) by yielding sequential mediation effects on self-esteem and peer play interaction. Namely, warmth parenting does not directly affect social competence but does have a significant effect on preschooler self-esteem, which positively affected peer play interaction. This path increases the social competence(cooperation, assertion, self-control) of preschool children. Conclusion/Implications: In order to increase the social competence (cooperation, assertion, self-control) of preschool children, it is important for the preschooler to consider themselves a worthy person and to learn positive interaction techniques through warmth parenting.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine, according to sex and grade, the relationship and difference between mothers' parenting attitudes and self-perceived competences of their children. 197 children of the 4th through the 6th grade were selected from an elementary school in Daejeon area. We used the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1982) to measure their self-perceived competence and the Mother's Parenting Attitudes Scale (1990, Lee & Park) to measure parenting attitudes of their mothers. Major findings are as follows: First, there were significant differences in the children's self-perceived competence according to their perception of parental warmth and control. Children with more perception of parental warmth and consistent control considered themselves higher in cognitive and social competences and in self-worth. Boys perceived higher mother's consistent control and positive participation in parenting-attitudes than girls. Girls perceived themselves higher than boys in global self-worth. Next, Out of the three grades the 4th graders indicated more perception of attachment, authoritarian control, and positive participation in parenting attitudes. There was statistically no difference in self-perceived competences of children according to their grades. Finally, there were correlations between mothers' parenting attitudes and perceived competences of their children. Children with more perception of parental warmth, attachment, positive participation, and consistent control showed higher level of physical competence, social competence, and global self-worth.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 부모의 양육행동이 유아의 사회적 유능성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 한국아동패널의 7차 자료(2014) 중 72-79개월 1,408명의 유아와 그들의 부모 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 24.0을 사용하여 기술통계와 t-test, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과로는 첫째, 유아의 사회적 유능감은 성별에 따라 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 어머니의 온정적 양육행동과 통제적 양육행동, 아버지의 온정적 양육행동의 정도에 따라 자녀의 사회적 유능감에 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 온정적 양육행동과 통제적 양육행동, 아버지의 온정적 양육행동은 자녀의 사회적 유능감에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 아버지의 통제적 양육행동은 자녀의 사회적 유능감에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과에 대하여 논의한 후 대안을 제시하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1997

The relationships of social support and parent-satisfaction to the mothers' parenting behaviors were examined in a sample of 235 mothers who have preschool-aged children. Mothers completed three kinds of questionnaires such as the perception of the social support, the parent-satisfaction comprised of five subscales, general satisfaction parent-child relationship, support of husband, parent role conflict, and support of child, and the parenting behaviors comprised of two subscales, warmth and control. Social support and parent-satisfaction were found to have significant influence on mothers' warmth. The more social support they perceived and the more parent-satisfaction they had, the warmer they were. But these variables were not significantly related to the mothers' control except two subscales of parent-satisfaction they had, the warmer they were. But these variables were not significantly related to the mothers' control except two subscales of parent-satisfaction, parent-child relationship and parent role conflict. the importance of social support was emphasized for yielding the positive parenting behaviors.

• 아동학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.149-161
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• 1997

The relation of parental sociability and parenting behaviors (such as warmth and control) to shyness in children was examined. The subjects were 280 fifth-and sixth-grade children (139 boys and 141 girls). The data were analyzed by multiple regressions. Results showed that (1) maternal sociability was related to shyness in children: the more sociable the mothers, the less shy their children, and (2) paternal and maternal warmth were related to shyness in children: the warmer the fathers and mothers, the less shy their children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between preschoolers' temperament, mothers' parenting behaviors, and ability to delay gratification. A sample of 131 preschool children aged from 4 to 5 participated in a delay-of-gratification experiment, as reconstructed by Rodriguez and his colleagues (2005). Mothers answered questionnaires on their parenting behaviors and children's temperament. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. Children's activity as well as mothers' warmth and control predicted the ability to delay gratification; significant interaction effects were found between children's activity and maternal warmth on the ability to delay gratification. It would be plausible to intervene in children's activity level and improve the ability to delay gratification.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore a causal model of mother's parenting and children's locus of control to self-control in elementary school children. The subjects were 582 children of 4th, 5th and 6th grade. The instruments were Self-Control Rating Scale for Children, Locus of Control Scale for Children and Parenting Scale. The major findings of this study were as follows. 1) Children's locus of control, mother's warmth-acceptance and permissiveness-nonintervention , mother's education level and children's sex predicted children's self-control. 23% of the variance of children's self-control was explainer by these variables. 2) Mother's warmth-acceptance had a direct and an indirect positive effect through children's locus of control on children's self-control and was the first contribution factor. Children's locus of control had a first direct effect on children's self-control. 3) Mother's permissiveness-nonintervention had a direct and an indirect negative effect through children's locus of control on children's self-control. Mother's education level had a direct and an indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's self-control. Children's sex had a direct and an indirect effect through mother's rejection-restriction on children's self-control. Mother's rejection-restriction had an indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's self-control. Family income had an indirect effect through mother's parenting on children's self-control. Father's education level had an indirect effect through mother's permissiveness-nonintervention on children's self-control.