• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.386-398
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• 2016

To understand the vegetation structure in the ridgeline area of Nakdong-jeongmaek, six primary areas in Nakdong-jeongmaek were selected and their vegetation distribution was surveyed considering the environmental conditions and artificial influences. According to the results of community classification based on TWINSPAN, the vegetation in the surveyed region was categorized into 9 groups: Betula costata-Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Deciduous oaks-P. densiflora community, Deciduous oaks community, P. thunbergii community, P. koraiensis-P. rigida community, and Chamaecyparis obtusa-Alnus firma community. In Baekbyeongsan(Mt.) located in Taebaek-si of Gangwon-do, Betula costata-Quercus mongolica community was found, reflecting the environmental characteristics of northern temperate climate. P. thunbergii community appeared in Gudeoksan(Mt.) of Busan metropolitan city, which is near the coast. Since Gudeoksan(Mt.) is near to the downtown and its altitude above the sea is relatively low, people visit the area often. Therefore, C. obtusa and P. thunbergii have been planted for producing forest trees and implementing anti-erosion afforestation. In the other primary survey areas, Q. mongolica-dominant communities, P. densiflora-dominant communities, and deciduous oak-dominant communities, which are representative forest vegetation types of Jeongmaeks in South Korea, were mainly distributed, showing no significant difference compared to the forest vegetation types of other Jeongmaeks. Since the Nakdong-jeongmaek from south to north, it shows clear characteristics of vegetation changes between the northern temperate climate and the warm temperate climate of the south.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.392-403
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• 2020

This study analyzed the distribution characteristics of invasive alien plants on the islands of the Korean Peninsula. Ten species, Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus, Eupatorium rugosum, Hypochaeris radicata, Lactuca scariola, and Paspalum distichum were present on 68 islands. These ecosystem-disturbing invasive alien plants appeared extensively on the islands of Gyeonggi province and Jeollanam province. The proportion of the plants on the inhabited islands (41 places, 2.15 species on average) was higher than that on the uninhabited islands (27 places, 1.07 species on average). This means that the distribution of invasive alien plants was closely related to human activity. The distribution of Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior(32 islands) and Rumex acetosella (31 islands) was the widest, and there were distinct distribution differences according to species. In the island area, the physical environment is poor compared to the mainland, and the native space is limited. Therefore, when invasive alien species enter and settle on the island, the native island plants can be damaged more than those on the mainland. In this regard, the discussion of the distribution of invasive alien plants in the island region can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the region.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.318-333
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• 2020

The Nakdong-Jeongmaek extends north and south from Taebaek-si of Gangwon-do to Busan metropolitan city and includes a wide range of forest zone from temperate to the warm-temperature forest. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vegetation structural characteristics of the Quercus mongolica-dominant community, which was distributed in the largest area in Baekdudaegan and Jeongmaek, by region and communities in the Nakdong-Jeongmaek. For the study, a representative 6 sites were selected: Baekbyeongsan, Chilbosan, Baegamsan, Unjusan, Goheonsan, and Gudeoksan. The survey of the 6 sites showed that the canopy had over 85% the importance percentage of Quercus mongolica. In the understory, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Fraxinus sieboldiana, etc. were located and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Tripterygium regelii and so on were found in the shrub. The importance percentage of 4 communities of Quercus mongolica, which were separated by TWINSPAN, in the canopy was more than 80%, and the dominant species in the understory and shrub were the same. Currently, Quercus mongolica has been identified as the understory following the canopy, and the Quercus mongolica-dominant community is expected to continue unless there are external factors. In the temperate forest regions in Korea, Quercus spp.and Carpinus laxiflora form the major forest physiognomy in the natural forest state. Based on these characteristics, the Quercus mongolica-dominant community on the ridge of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek is considered to have characteristics of temperate forests in Korea. The Quercus mongolica community is a representative cool-temperate deciduous forest and known as a climatic climax in the upper section of the mountains in the Korean Peninsula. Trees of the same species should be distributed at each layer to maintain the dominant species' status in the canopy's climax forest. Therefore, the Quercus mongolica community is considered the climax forest in the ridge of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

The MAEULSOOP, Korean traditional village groves have been installed and survived since 7th Century to serve local village dwellers as a community forest. The common sense of their reasons for being is related to the surroundings such as hills, waterways and wind-ways. To understand the roles in a local community, spatial characteristics of distribution, locations and shapes were tested at the two-characterized regions, the Southwestern Flat Region and the Eastern Hilly Region. Approximately more than 500 written evidences related to trees and forests were surveyed, for example village names, folk tales and lists of designated trees for protection. Twenty sites in each region were selected and tested for the spatial analysis. Aerial photographs, DEM and the ArcGIS with a modified AML for slope analysis are applied based on the criteria of the KLCIS(Kwon, 2002; 권진오, 2008). The major factors in the role of the MAEULSOOP based on the spatial character of two regions are; the array and locations of hills for encircling or exposure, locations against corridors and waterway or not, locations of the community to serve, the conservation of energy. Although locations and shapes of the MAEULSOOP are slightly different, it seems that one of the prime roles is what makes their everyday life difficult the most in the community.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2003

To set out restoration plan of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests(EBLF), a case study was done at Wando arboretum, Sinjido and Jangdo(Island). Firstly, basic environmental survey was done and the degrade levels of EBLF was assessed. And the forest functions and restoration goal of vegetation have been established before considering and setting restoration types of vegetation and restoration techniques. Taking social demand and restoration goal etc. into consideration, the forest functions were classified into a ecosystem preservation, scenery conservation and timber production. Quercus acuta Forest, Castanopsis siebodii Forest, Persea thunbergii Forest, Cinnamomum japonicum Forest, Dendropanax morbifera Forest etc. were suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation. Restoration types of vegetation were classified into a preservation type, restoration type, reconstruction type and afforestation type. And restoration techniques were subdivided into a preservation, induction, improvement, and creation according to the degraded levels of EBLF.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2005

Karyotype analysis and chromosomal locailization of 45S and 5S rDNAs using McFISH (multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization) were carried out in Jeffersonia dubia Benth., which is one of medicinal plants belonging to Berberidaceae. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was 2n=2x=12 and the size of chromosomes ranged $1.95{\sim}3.50\;{\mu}m$. The chromosome complement consisted of two pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 1 and 3), two pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 2 and 4) and two pairs of subtelocentrics (chromosomes 5 and 6). In McFISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 2 and three pairs of 5S rDNA sites were detected on the short arm of chromosomes 4, 5 and 6, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2010

The distribution of three typical warm-temperate evergreen trees, Quercus acuta Thunb., Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz., and Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc., were surveyed on the Korean Peninsula based on field and specimen investigations and the distribution maps of the three species were prepared. The distribution patterns of the species correspond to the south coast floristic region in Korea, which includes the distributional areas of Jeju-do, Isl. Ulleung, the southern coastal areas, and the areas up to the islands around Incheon in the Yellow Sea. The northernmost limit of the distribution of Quercus acuta is Isl. Nap of Incheon in the west, and a new distribution was found at Isl. Ulleung in the East Sea; additionally, the limit of Neolitsea sericea is the Deojoek archipelago of Incheon. The northernmost limit of Machilus thunbergii is Isl. Daecheong of Incheon, which is the highest latitude among those of the three species. This distribution survey of evergreen broad-leaved trees in Korea can be used as basic data for the delimitation of floristic regions and as a bio-indicator of climatic change.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the habitat positional environment and vegetation properties of Mankyua chejuense. The habitats were classified into two types depending on the depth of the habitat, the ratio of rock exposure, the dominant species and the surrounding vegetation, which affected the vegetation of the habitats. The habitats with a high ratio of rock exposure showed a distinctive geographical boundary to the adjacent region and most of them were composed of trees that grow in humid environment. On the contrary, in the soil-rich habitats, the depth was shallow, soil layer was well developed, and the trees were introduced from the adjacent areas. However, the dominant species in the herbaceous layer were aquatic plants, which indicated that the habitats had the properties of wetland. Therefore, it was found that thes habitats of Mankyua chejuense have the properties similar to those of marshland. For the preservation of Mankyua chejuense, it is very important to make the habitats maintain such properties of wetland.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.154-170
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• 2022

The zooplankton composition, abundance, community structure, and species diversity in the major commercial fishery species spawning grounds in the southern coast of Korea were investigated in this study. A total of 80 taxa were sampled, with the mean abundance range of 5,612-11,720 ind. m^-3 and the mean biomass range of 41.6-1,086.8 mg m^-3. The dominant species were Paracalanus copepodites, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Oithona copepodites, Paracalanus nauplii, Noctiluca scintillans, Oithona similis, and Ditrichocorycaeus affinis. The species diversity indices were highest in August, suggesting that diversity is influenced by neritic and oceanic warm-water species. A cluster analysis with non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) revealed three groups of zooplankton communities. The April and May samples clustered into Group A, having the highest mean total zooplankton abundance and lowest species diversity, consisting mainly of temperate species located in the middle region of the southern coast of Korea. Cluster Group B was from the early summer season (June) and contained the highest species diversity with some oceanic and neritic zooplankton species. Cluster Group C from the summer season (July and August) mainly comprised P. parvus s. l. and O. similis. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that abundance is positively correlated with salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2023

Dendropanax trifidus belonging to the family Araliaceae, is a warm-temperate evergreen tree distributed in Jeju Island, Bogil Island, Geomun Island, Geoje Island, Wando, and Haenam in Korea. In June 2021, a root rot disease in which branches of Dendropanax trifidus seedlings turned brown and shrunk was discovered at the seedling cultivation facility in Naju-si, Republic of Korea. To identify the root rot fungus, three strains were isolated from the diseased tissues of seedlings and their mycological characteristics were investigated on potato dextrose agar. In addition, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) gene. The fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. For pathogenicity test, the roots of seedlings were immersed in the conidia suspension of the strains and planted. After 20 days inoculation, root rot and browning symptoms were confirmed in the inoculated plants. This is the first report of F. oxysporum on D. trifidus in Korea.