• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2003

In content-based image retrieval, the query is an image itself and the retrieval process is the process that seeking the similar images to the given query image. In this way of retrieval, the user has to know the basic physical features of target images that he wants to retrieve. But it has some restriction because to retrieve the target image he has to know the basic physical feature space such as color, texture, shape and spatial relationship. In this paper, we propose an emotion-based retrieval system. It uses the emotion that color images have. It is different from past emotion-based image retrieval in point of view that it uses relevance feedback to estimate the users intend and it is easily combined with past content-based image retrieval system. To test the performance of our proposed system, we use MPEG-7 color descriptor and emotion language such as "warm", "clean", "bright" and "delight" We test about 1500 wallpaper images and get successful result.lpaper images and get successful result.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

In this reaearch, our goal is to find the representative adjectives which express the sensitivity for wall paper. We want to make a model which can explain the whole by using the representative adjectives. We got the adjectives through the questionnaire survey, field survey, and internet survey. To find the representative adjectives, we used modified factor analysis. The factor analysis used in preceding research can not control the individual difference of sensitivity, because the distribution information of data is concentrated into the mean. So, we used the modified factor analysis to control it. The experimental result showed that the reduced factors could account about 79.5% when the number of factor are three. The individual difference of sensitivity was reflected in some adjectives. This result can be used to make a recommending model for wallpaper.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

A string wallcovering is a kind of textile wallcovering which is made of cellulose fiber yarn laminated on base paper. Compared with normal paper or PVC wallpaper, a string wallcovering is preferred continually in the interior design market, as it is not only environmentally friendly but it also has less cost on mass production without the weaving process and has a natural visual effect, excellent functionality such as thermo keeping, permeability, sound absorption. However, in the dyeing process, it is not appropriate to use plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals considering the environmental trend and the government policy plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals. Currently, a string wallcovering is made of raw white yarn and padding with direct dye or pigment which includes toxic elements, especially the use of direct dye is restricted in a part of the developed country due to inclusion of azo. In this study, we researched dyeing based on cold pad batch dyeing of a string wallcovering with reactive dyestuff. The peel strength and bending depth test confirmed that the optimum adhesive type and spread amount improved the water resistance of the string wallcovering. Also, pad batch dyeing with optimum reactive dyestuff enhanced the color fastness to light and rubbing in dry and wet conditions. Additionally, for improvement of color fastness to rubbing in a wet condition, the additional treatment finishing without soaping process which is used water. The results of this study can be used as basic data for environmentally friendly and energy saving of the textile wallcovering.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.397-412
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• 1996

This study aims to present the fundamental strategies to improve the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in apartment buildings. To investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants such as radon, formaldehyde, and VOCs, both the document survey and the field measurement were conducted. In addition, to identify the source of the air pollutants, the laboratory experiment was carried out for various building materials. Finally, the minimum period to be reserved befor3e building occupation to ensure healthy IAQ, which largely depends on the ventilation rates, was simulated using a simple compuer program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of newly-constructed apartment houses, concentrations of formaldehyde, VOCs and radon were found to exceed the standard. Meanwhile, at existing apartment houses, concentrations of VOCs, particularly toluene and xylene, highly exceeded the standasrd level. Concentrations of formaldehyde and radon, however, had been lowered according to the duration of occupation. 2. The laboratory experiment of concentration of pollutants per square meter of building material surface area showed that radon gas was much emitted from the gypsumboard; formaldehyde from flooring and wallpaper; and VOCs from paints and kitchen furnishings. The emission rates of formaldehyde and VOCs were proportional to air temperature. 3. According to the simulation of the minimum period to be reserved before occupation, newly-constructed airtight houses required about 190-200 days, and naturally ventialted houses with fully-open-windows required about 20-45days, in order to keep the level of radon gas lower than standard. Therefore, with the current practice, the date of occupation should be delayed for about 15 days.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.165-172
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• 2016

Since the advent of digital games with hardware development a key component of the game characters are changed to retard the rate at which types of users based on their favorite theory of human proportion. Many popular to gamers in the game according to the change in the retard rate in a unique image of the character. Studies on the head and body proportion are thought that up to now been insufficient. The purpose of this study is to examine a fundamental human proportion that has importance as a molding factor in the game character development, it investigated the characteristics of the game character, and classifying the retard rate of the game character, through the research method of analyzing the results, into the retard rate look for and investigate studying the effect on future game images. Five types of game characters that make up the analysis were analyzed with a unique image, and the more specialized users prefer retard rate, the figurative exaggeration to retard rate than the actual main body. Utilizing a bit exaggerated the difficulties of the character looks relatively small proportion character in the graphic wallpaper increased visibility. The proportion of a game character through the study is considered as a very important factor as the game image in the game development.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.83-100
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• 2005

In this paper, we investigate the concept of cyber identity built in cyberspace and analyze the effects of general perception toward cyber identity on loyalty and purchase intent. Cyber identity is classified into two types: personal and social cyber identity, and has five components. Avatars and online gaming capability make up personal cyber identity while online communities and instant messenger count as social cyber identity. We regard blog personalities as having both personal and social characteristics. In our survey, we conclude that internet users want to purchase cyber items such as avatars, online game items, and wallpaper pictures to enhance their cyber identities. Based on the survey results , we derive five factors comprising personal cyber identity and social cyber identity using factor analysis and analyze overall effects of cyber identity on loyalty and purchase intention using Structural Equation Model.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2010

Starch is an environmental-friendly natural source, more interests are attracted to use starch for synthesis of composites and coating sols. Starch-acrylic coating sols for architectural materials were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The structures of synthesized materials were characterized by using Infrared spectra, $^1H$-NMR spectra, and physical characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, foaming test, whiteness test, gloss test and tensile strength test. XRD results showed that starch in starch-acrylic copolymer matrix was in an amorphous state. Starch-acrylic emulsion was compounded with 1%, 3%, 5% foaming agent (n-pentane) and 60% $CaCO_3$ solution. The results showed that starch and foaming agent could increase the foamability. Tensile strength increased with the enhancement of starch and foaming agent concentration. But whiteness and gloss decreased with increase of starch and foaming agent concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2022

For enhancing the flame-retardant properties of wallpapers, we developed an organic-inorganic hybrid solution with ZrSiO₄ as a functional ceramic powder, coated on non-woven fabric using dip coating, spray coating, and slot-die coating methods. Their flame retardant properties were characterized by a 45° combustion tester, which is manufactured according to the flame-retardant performance standard (KOFEIS 1001 and KS F 2819). In organic-inorganic hybrid solution, with increasing the concentration of acid-catalyst (acetic acid), the precipitation of ZrSiO₄ powders increased, and the flame retardant properties decreased. The highest flame retardant result was obtained for the solution adding 5 wt% acetic acid. The optimization of the coating method and coating number resulted in the most excellent flame-retardant properties being obtained for the non-woven fabric coated for 5 or 7 times by dip coating method, and their flame-retardant properties corresponded to class 2 flame-retardant performance of wallpapers.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

Korean architecture classifies Banja (the decorated flat of the ceiling visible from the inside) of Royal Palaces into two types: Woomul(water-well, 井) banja, which inserts rectangular wooden board into lattice frame, and paper banja, which applies paper to the flat ceiling. Such classification was established in the 19th century. Before that, Banja was classified according to what was inserted into the lattice frame, either wooden or paper board. At first, the banja that used paper board was widely installed regardless of the purpose or nobility of the building. However, since the 17th century, the use of paper board banja became mostly restricted to Ondol (Korean floor heating system) rooms which are characterized by private usage and the importance of heating, and it was considered inferior to wooden board banja in terms of rank or grace. The contemporary paper banja was mainly installed in low-rank ondol rooms until the late 19th century to early 20th century, when roll-type wallpaper was introduced from the West and the paper banja came to decorate the King's and Queen's bedrooms. The traditional paper board banja benefits heat reservation, reduces the weight of the ceiling, and allows the adjustment of the lattice frame size. Furthermore, it can feature unique artistry if covered with blue, white, or red Neung-hwa-ji (traditional flower pattered paper).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2020

Currently, the most commonly used EPS insulation material has been mainly used because its ease of adhesion with concrete. However, due to poor adhesion with wallpaper, separate adhesion needs to be strengthened and there are cases of breakage or grooves in the process of dismantling the mold. The biggest problem is that when a fire breaks out, various harmful substances are present and highly flammable. Cork used in this study is a truly eco-friendly building material that is taken from between the outer and inner bark of cork trees and does not damage the wood. Also, it is a porous material that is made up of countless cells and contains an air gap between the cells. It is very light in weight between 0.06 and 0.07 and has excellent insulation with a heat conductivity of 0.04W/mK. In addition, it has high stability in the topic of conversation because it does not produce harmful gas when burned and has self-sustaining properties. However, research on cork, an eco-friendly building material with excellent performance to date, is scarce Therefore, we encourage existing scholars to raise interest in new eco-friendly building materials through this study. It also aims to manufacture insulation boards with new inorganic properties using the low weight and heat conductivity held by the cork.