• 제목/요약/키워드: volume integral method

검색결과 84건 처리시간 0.023초

Quasi-steady Wave Propagation 알고리듬을 이용한 2차원 수치모형의 하상경사항 처리 (Treatment of the Bed Slope Source Term for 2-Dimensional Numerical Model Using Quasi-steady Wave Propagation Algorithm)

  • 김태형;한건연;김병현
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.145-156
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 자연하천의 흐름에서 흔히 발생하는 천이류, 불연속류, 마른하도로의 파의 전파 등을 포함하는 복잡한 흐름을 해석하기 위한 고정확도 2차원 수치모형을 개발하였다. 하상경사항을 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 quasi-steady wave propagation 기법을 적용하여 해당 격자에 대한 생성항의 영향을 효율적으로 반영함으로써 쌍곡선형 적분 보존형의 2차원 천수방정식을 해석하였다. Fractional Step Method를 적용한 유한체적기법의 사용을 위해 HLL Riemann 해법을 이용하여 흐름률을 계산하였고, 시간 및 공간에 대한 2차 정확도를 만족하기 위해 MUSCL 기법을 적용하였다. 2차 정확도의 사용으로 불연속지점에서 발생하는 수치진동은 TVD 기법 적용을통해 제어하였다. 개발된모형은 2차원 제방 붕괴 및 댐하류부에 구조물이 존재하는 경우의댐 붕괴 모의를 통해실측치와의 검증을 실시하였다. 또한 하류부에 역경사가 존재하는 경우의 댐 붕괴 모의를 통해 실측치와 비교함으로써 생성항의 영향에 대한 모형의 적용성을 검증하였다.

개수로에서 흐름방향 유속의 횡분포 이론식에 기반한 종분산계수 개발 : II. 종분산계수 (Development of Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient Based on Theoretical Equation for Transverse Distribution of Stream-Wise Velocity in Open Channel : Part II. Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient)

  • 백경오
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.299-308
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구의 목적은 하천에서 흐름방향 유속의 횡분포식에 기반하여 1차원 종분산계수를 이론적으로 유도하고 이들의 타당성을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문의 전편 "I. 흐름방향 유속의 횡포식"에서는 SKM을 도입하여 삼각형 단면수로에서 횡분포식을 해석적으로 유도하였다. 본 논문의 후편 "II. 종분산계수"에서는 전편에서 유도된 유속의 횡분포식을 기반으로 1차원 종분산계수 이론식을 새롭게 개발하였다. 개발된 종분산계수 이론식을 검증하기 위해 전편과 동일한 하천에서 수행된 추적자 농도 실험 결과를 이용한 관측 종분산계수와 비교 분석하였다. 또한 개발된 종분산 계수식을 기존의 식들과 비교하여 본 연구에서 개발된 식의 차별점 및 우수성을 검토하였다. 결과적으로 무차원 종분산계수는 무차원 횡확산계수에 반비례하고, 하폭 대 수심비의 제곱에 비례하였다. 그리고 Manning의 조도계수의 제곱에 반비례함을 확인할 수 있었다.

Propagation characteristics of longitudinal wave, shear wave and bending wave in porous circular nanoplates

  • Shan, Wubin;Deng, Zulu;Zhong, Hao;Mo, Hu;Han, Ziqiang;Yang, Zhi;Xiang, Chengyu;Li, Shuzhou;Liu, Peng
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제76권4호
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    • pp.551-559
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    • 2020
  • On the basis of nonlocal strain gradient theory, considering the material properties of porous FGM changing with thickness and the influence of moment of inertia, the wave equation of FG nano circular plate is derived by using the first-order shear deformation plate theory, by introducing dimensionless parameters, we transform the equations into dimensionless wave equations, and the dispersion relations of bending wave, shear wave and longitudinal wave are obtained by Laplace and Hankel integral transformation method. The influence of nonlocal parameter, porosity volume fraction, strain gradient parameters and power law index on the propagation characteristics of bending wave, shear wave and longitudinal wave in FG nano circular plate.

A novel coupled finite element method for hydroelastic analysis of FG-CNTRC floating plates under moving loads

  • Nguyen, Vu X.;Lieu, Qui X.;Le, Tuan A.;Nguyen, Thao D.;Suzuki, Takayuki;Luong, Van Hai
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.243-256
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    • 2022
  • A coupled finite element method (FEM)-boundary element method (BEM) for analyzing the hydroelastic response of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) floating plates under moving loads is firstly introduced in this article. For that aim, the plate displacement field is described utilizing a generalized shear deformation theory (GSDT)-based FEM, meanwhile the linear water-wave theory (LWWT)-relied BEM is employed for the fluid hydrodynamic modeling. Both computational domains of the plate and fluid are coincidentally discretized into 4-node Hermite elements. Accordingly, the C1-continuous plate element model can be simply captured owing to the inherent feature of third-order Hermite polynomials. In addition, this model is also completely free from shear correction factors, although the shear deformation effects are still taken into account. While the fluid BEM can easily handle the free surface with a lower computational effort due to its boundary integral performance. Material properties through the plate thickness follow four specific CNT distributions. Outcomes gained by the present FEM-BEM are compared with those of previously released papers including analytical solutions and experimental data to validate its reliability. In addition, the influences of CNT volume fraction, different CNT configurations, water depth, and load speed on the hydroelastic behavior of FG-CNTRC plates are also examined.

Nonlinear forced vibration of FG-CNTs-reinforced curved microbeam based on strain gradient theory considering out-of-plane motion

  • Allahkarami, Farshid;Nikkhah-bahrami, Mansour;Saryazdi, Maryam Ghassabzadeh
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.673-691
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    • 2018
  • The main goal of this research is to examine the in-plane and out-of-plane forced vibration of a curved nanocomposite microbeam. The in-plane and out-of-plane displacements of the structure are considered based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The curved microbeam is reinforced by functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNTs) and thus the extended rule of mixture is employed to estimate the effective material properties of the structure. Also, the small scale effect is captured using the strain gradient theory. The structure is rested on a nonlinear orthotropic viscoelastic foundation and is subjected to concentrated transverse harmonic external force, thermal and magnetic loads. The derivation of the governing equations is performed using energy method and Hamilton's principle. Differential quadrature (DQ) method along with integral quadrature (IQ) and Newmark methods are employed to solve the problem. The effect of various parameters such as volume fraction and distribution type of CNTs, boundary conditions, elastic foundation, temperature changes, material length scale parameters, magnetic field, central angle and width to thickness ratio are studied on the frequency and force responses of the structure. The results indicate that the highest frequency and lowest vibration amplitude belongs to FGX distribution type while the inverse condition is observed for FGO distribution type. In addition, the hardening-type response of the structure with FGX distribution type is more intense with respect to the other distribution types.

Combined influence of porosity and elastic foundation parameters on the bending behavior of advanced sandwich structures

  • Malek Hadji;Abdelhakim Bouhadra;Belgacem Mamen;Abderahmane Menasria;Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla;Fouad Bourada;Mohamed Bourada;Kouider Halim Benrahou;Abdelouahed Tounsi
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2023
  • Elastic bending of imperfect functionally graded sandwich plates (FGSPs) laying on the Winkler-Pasternak foundation and subjected to sinusoidal loads is analyzed. The analyses have been established using the quasi-3D sinusoidal shear deformation model. In this theory, the number of unknowns is condensed to only five unknowns using integral-undefined terms without requiring any correction shear factor. Moreover, the current constituent material properties of the middle layer is considered homogeneous and isotropic. But those of the top and bottom face sheets of the graded porous sandwich plate (FGSP) are supposed to vary regularly and continuously in the direction of thickness according to the trigonometric volume fraction's model. The corresponding equilibrium equations of FGSPs with simply supported edges are derived via the static version of the Hamilton's principle. The differential equations of the system are resolved via Navier's method for various schemes of FGSPs. The current study examine the impact of the material index, porosity, side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, and the Winkler-Pasternak foundation on the displacements, axial and shear stresses of the sandwich structure.

Novel quasi-3D and 2D shear deformation theories for bending and free vibration analysis of FGM plates

  • Younsi, Abderahman;Tounsi, Abdelouahed;Zaoui, Fatima Zohra;Bousahla, Abdelmoumen Anis;Mahmoud, S.R.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.519-532
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    • 2018
  • In this work, two dimensional (2D) and quasi three-dimensional (quasi-3D) HSDTs are proposed for bending and free vibration investigation of functionally graded (FG) plates using hyperbolic shape function. Unlike the existing HSDT, the proposed theories have a novel displacement field which include undetermined integral terms and contains fewer unknowns. The material properties of the plate is inhomogeneous and are considered to vary continuously in the thickness direction by three different distributions; power-law, exponential and Mori-Tanaka model, in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations which consider the effects of both transverse shear and thickness stretching are determined through the Hamilton's principle. The closed form solutions are deduced by employing Navier method and then fundamental frequencies are obtained by solving the results of eigenvalue problems. In-plane stress components have been determined by the constitutive equations of composite plates. The transverse stress components have been determined by integrating the 3D stress equilibrium equations in the thickness direction of the FG plate. The accuracy of the present formulation is demonstrated by comparisons with the different 2D, 3D and quasi-3D solutions available in the literature.

그림자 아틀라스를 이용한 부드러운 그림자 생성 방법 (Real-time Soft-shadow using Shadow Atlas)

  • 박선용;양진석;오경수
    • 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2011
  • 컴퓨터 그래픽스에서 그림자는 그림자 자체로서 뿐 아니라 장면 내 물체들 간의 거리감에 대한 단서를 제공함으로써 사실감 제고 측면의 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 그림자를 표현하기 위한 전통적인 방법으로 그림자 매핑이나 그림자 볼륨 등의 기법들이 사용되지만 점광원(point light)을 가정하므로 결과가 자연스럽지 못하다. 반면, 면광원(area light)을 사용할 경우 부드러운 그림자를 생성하므로 좀 더 사실적인 그림자 표현이 가능하지만 광원면(light source surface) 전체에 대한 적분을 요구하기 때문에 계산비용이 매우 비싸다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 차폐물(occluder)의 광원으로의 역투사(back-projection)나 반영(penumbra)의 크기 계산을 통한 필터링 등 여러 방안들이 소개되었지만 낮은 수준(order)의 근사로 인한 누광(light bleeding)이나 물결현상(ringing effect), 그리고 성능저하 등의 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 그림자 아틀라스(shadow atlas)를 이용하여 이러한 문제들을 개선하는 방법에 대하여 기술한다.

Investigation on the dynamic response of porous FGM beams resting on variable foundation using a new higher order shear deformation theory

  • Atmane, Redhwane Ait;Mahmoudi, Noureddine;Bennai, Riadh;Atmane, Hassen Ait;Tounsi, Abdelouahed
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.95-107
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    • 2021
  • In this work, the dynamic response of functionally graded beams on variable elastic foundations is studied using a novel higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). Unlike the conventional HSDT, the present one has a new displacement field which introduces undetermined integral variables. The FG beams were assumed to be supported on Winkler-Pasternak type foundations in which the Winkler modulus is supposed to be variable in the length of the beam. The variable rigidity of the elastic foundation is assumed to be linear, parabolic and sinusoidal along the length of the beam. The material properties of the FG porous beam vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of the constituents. The equations of motion are determined using the virtual working principle. For the analytical solution, Navier method is used to solve the governing equations for simply supported porous FG beams. Numerical results of the present theory for the free vibration of FG beams resting on elastic foundations are presented and compared to existing solutions in the literature. A parametric study will be detailed to investigate the effects of several parameters such as gradient index, thickness ratio, porosity factor and foundation parameters on the frequency response of porous FG beams.

Riemann 해법을 이용한 1차원 개수로 수리해석Ⅰ: 모형 개발 (One-dimensional Hydraulic Modeling of Open Channel Flow Using the Riemann Approximate Solver I : Model Development)

  • 김지성;한건연
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제41권8호
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    • pp.761-772
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구의 목적은 수공학 분야에서 수치해석이 난해한 문제를 해결하기 위한 모형을 개발하고, 해석해가 존재하는 다양한 수치실험, 즉 하상과 하폭이 함께 변하는 점변부정류 조건에서의 검증, 하상경사가 변화하는 세가지 정상상태 조건의 문제, 그리고 해석해가 있는 마찰하상에 적용함으로써 개발된 모형의 적용성을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 모형의 지배방정식은 보존 법칙을 만족하는 Saint-Venant 적분형 방정식이며, Riemann 해법에 의한 유한체적법이 사용되었다. 질량 및 운동량의 흐름율 계산에 HLL Riemann 근사해법이 사용되었고, 시간-공간에서 2차정확도를 위하여 MUSCL-Hancock 기법이 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 비선형의 흐름율과 생성항과의 균형을 위하여, 중력과 흐름방향 하폭의 변화로 인한 정수압력에 의한 생성항을 차분하는 새롭고 간편한 기법을 소개하였다. 수치실험 모의결과는 개발된 모형이 생성항을 포함한 다양한 흐름조건에서 정확하고, 견고하며, 매우 안정적임을 보여주고, 또한 수공학 분야에서 일차원 적용에 적합한 모형임을 보여준다.