• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

In an effort to improve speech recognition, we investigated the effect of the number of clusters. In usual LBG clustering, the number of codebook clusters is doubled on each bifurcation and hence cannot be chosen arbitrarily in a natural way. To have the number of clusters at our control, we combined adaptive resonance theory (ART2) with LBG and perform the clustering in two stages. The codebook thus formed was used in subsequent processing of fuzzy vector quantization (FVQ) and HMM for speech recognition tests. Compared to conventional LBG, our method was shown to reduce the best recognition error rate by 0${\sim$}0.9% depending on the vocabulary size. The result also showed that between 400 and 800 would be the optimal number of clusters in the limit of small and large vocabulary speech recognitions of isolated words, respectively.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1705-1709
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• 2005

This paper covers review and challenges in the area of speech recognition by taking into account different classes of recognition mode. The recognition mode can be either speaker independent or speaker dependant. Size of the vocabulary and the input mode are two crucial factors for a speech recognizer. The input mode refers to continuous or isolated speech recognition system and the vocabulary size can be small less than hundred words or large less than few thousands words. This varies according to system design and objectives.[2]. The organization of the paper is: first it covers various fundamental methods of speech recognition, then it takes into account various deficiencies in the existing systems and finally it discloses the various probable application areas.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.163-175
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• 2001

This study investigated the effect on children's literacy of teacher-child discussion about the contents of storybooks. The subjects were 10 experimental and 10 control 5-year-old kindergarten children in Cheongju. The experimental design was the Split Plot design. The research instruments used for pre- and post-tests were the Vocabulary Decoding Competence Test(Lee, 1998), Writing Competence Test(Lee & Lee, 1990), Story Comprehension Competence Test(Lee, 1998; Morrow, 1990), and the Emergent Reading Ability Judgements for Favorite Storybooks(Sulzby, 1985). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures. Results showed that the teacher-child discussions about the contents of storybooks were effective for improving children's competence in decoding vocabulary, writing, and story comprehension but not for improving emergent reading ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-246
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• 2012

This study purported to investigate the possibility of automatic descriptor assignment using the reclassification of author keywords in domestic scholarly databases. In the first stage, we selected optimal classifiers and parameters for the reclassification by comparing the characteristics of machine learning classifiers. In the next stage, learning the author keywords that were assigned to the selected articles on readings, the author keywords were automatically added to another set of relevant articles. We examined whether the author keyword reclassifications had the effect of vocabulary control just as descriptors collocate the documents on the same topic. The results showed the author keyword reclassification had the capability of the automatic descriptor assignment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2014

The study investigated the effects of reading intervention to enhance reading fluency for children from low-income families. The participants were 20 children from low-income families who are in grades 1 to 3. To qualify for participation in this study, all children had to score below 30 % ile on the Receptive vocabulary Test of the Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary Test or the Word reading fluency of the Korean Language-Based Reading Assessment. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The intervention group participated in the individualized intervention program using the guided repeated reading and the corrective feedback strategies. The results showed that participants in the intervention group performed better on reading fluency than those in the control group after participating in the intervention program. Specifically, guided repeated reading with corrective feedback strategies produced significant improvement on generalization to unpracticed passages as well as practiced passages. The results of this study suggest that guided repeated reading with corrective feedback is effective for enhancing reading fluency for children in Korea. Further study is needed in order to develop language-specific reading intervention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.12-22
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• 2003

The purposes of this study are to investigate the conformity of Korean Standards(KS) according to agreement on WTO/TBT, and to propose systematic frameworks of preparation, adoption, and application for KS in our enterprises. Significant changes in this establishment, revision, and abrogation include the following divisions; i) statistics-vocabulary and symbols, ii) Shewhart control chart, iii) statistical interpretation of data, iv) sampling procedures for inspection by attributes, v) sequential sampling plans for inspection.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.59-78
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• 2018

This study is to suggest the concrete application plan of BIBFRAME under the development of BIBFRAME as library specific ontology for linked open data. The several research methods are used as the literature reviews, the case study of LC and LD4P, and the survey of cataloging librarians which is to grasp understanding level of the linked data related terms and requirements for constructing LOD. The application plan is suggested as follows. First, publishing name authority data and subject heading in LOD are prominent as the startup with creating terms list or vocabulary in LOD that has been used in library for controlled vocabulary and data value. Second, it is needed to develop BIBFRAME application and extension modeling in Korea, to map KORMARC and the properties and classes of BIBFRAME, and to develop the editor and MARC to BIBFRAME Transformation Tools. Third, the systematical training for cataloging librarians is designed to regard BIBFRAME related works as the librarian's main field. Therefore, this study would contribute to seek the practical application plan for BIBFRAME in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2004

Subjects were 88 two-year-old-toddlers(25-36 months of age) and 32 teachers in 13 childcare centers; they were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The researcher observed teacher-toddler interaction in the picturebook reading situation. Analysis of patterns of teachers' verbal behavior and coding of toddlers' verbal and nonverbal behaviors were based on Senechal, et al.(1995) and Whitehurst, et al.(1988), respectively. In comparison with the control group, toddlers of the experimental group showed significant differences in verbal behavior; they acquired nouns occurring in the picturebooks and more expressive and comprehensive language. After training intervention, teachers of the experimental group showed changes in quality and quantity of verbal behavior.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine various national standards and to suggest problems and improvements on KS (Korean Industrial Standards) in spectacle frames. Methods: We surveyed the latest published KS, ISO (International Organization for Standardization), JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), DIN (Deutsches Institut fur Normung) and ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standards with relating spectacle frames. The titles that were considered in comparative study were terms and vocabulary, measuring system and terminology, marking, requirements and test methods, formers, screw threads, and others. Results: There were 9 different languages such as English (USA and UK), French, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, German, Italian and Spanish for the lists of equivalent terms and vocabulary in all standards except KS and ANSI, but gave an explanation for terms and vocabulary in only KS. Complementary terms and definitions were not existed in annex of KS and ANSI for measuring system and terminology, but they were included in annex of standards of the others. KS and ANSI standard for requirements and test methods differed from the ISO revision. Except JIS and ANSI, standards of formers were almost identical. KS standard of screw threads were similar to JIS. Standards of welded joints and nickel release did not exist in KS. Conclusions: All standards except ANSI tend to follow ISO, especially DIN is almost entirely identical to ISO. But KS is behind the times because it has been amended lately or established in accordance with older editions of ISO. Therefore, in order to assist quality control and safety for spectacle frames, KS standards shall be superseded by the specifications which is identical to ISO within a reasonable time.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.447-456
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• 2008

There is close relationship between intraoral structural anomaly and speech- functional problem. Patient with cleft palate patients & ankyloglossia is a typical example, patients with structural anomaly is repaired toward normal structure by operation. Ankyloglossia may cause functional limitation even after adequate surgical treatment speech disorders being one of them. Interindividually, they vary a lot, showing typical articulation specifics. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare speech for children with ankyloglossia and general public, to determine whether ankyloglossia is associated with articulation problem. We wanted to present criteria for indication of frenectomy. The group of subject is composed of 10 childrens with ankyloglossia and articulation problem, visited the Oral and Maxillofacial surgical unit, dental hospital, Chonbuk university. The average age is 5 Y 7M, M : F ratio is 8 : 2 at the time of speech test. Control group is composed of 10 members without oral structural anomaly. The average age is 5 Y 10M, M : F ratio is 3 : 7 at the time of speech test. Outcomes were measured the PPVT(Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), PCAT(Picture Consonant Articulation Test), Nasometer II test result obtained each group, statistically measured by Mann-whitney's U Test. There was no difference for 'chronological age-age equivalent' between two group. There was significant difference for 'consonant accuracy' between two group, showed more lower scores in subject group. There was more 'consonant error' in subject group, mostly showed/1/,/s/. A major modality of 'consonant error' was mostly distortion and replacement. There was no significant difference between two group for nasality.