• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the landscape image and visual preference for ridges of the Seongpanak district at Mt. Hallasan. For this, the evaluation of the artificial and natural landscape is compared through the medium of color slides. Data is analyzed through the descriptive statistics and spatial image is analyzed by factor analysis algorithm. Principle component analysis and Varimax Method are applied to extraction and factor rotation respectively. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : General visual imagesthe Seongpanak district at Mt. Hallasan are clean, beautiful and attractive. The degree of visual preference increased commensurately with the lower rate of artificial factors. Landscape Factors covering the spatial image are found to be 'aesthetic value', 'spatial scale', 'natural quality', and 'topography' factor, which account for 57.6% of the total variants. The aesthetic value variable is the most important factor in visual preference and the unnatural factors are found to present negative elements with visual preference.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.15-27
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image by variations in the location of the waistline and the width of the round belt of the basic pants. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the location of the waistline and 3 variations of the width of the belt. The data has been obtained from 35 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, anova, scheffe's test and the MCA method. The visual image by the location of waistline and the width of belt are composed of 3 factors : modernity, comfort and attraction factor. In these factors, modernity factor is estimated as the most important factor. The visual image is modern and attractive as the location of waist line goes down. And when the location of waist line is in the position of natural waist belt, belt of 3.2cm width is visually effective. Belt of 4.2cm width is effective except the position of natural waist belt. The interaction effects between the location of the waistline and the width of the belt have significant differences in comfort and attraction factors. As the main effect, significant differences were observed in all of the three factors according to the location of waistline and the width of belt.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to recognize the differences of visual evaluation by variations in width of hem line and waistline position of the bell buttom pants. The stimuli are 9 samples: One control group, 3 variations of the width of hem line and 3 variations of the waistline position. The data has been obtained from 56 fashion students. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: The visual evaluation by the width of hem line and waistline position of bell buttom pants are composed of 5 factors : comfort, personality, physical characteristics, stiffness and modern. Among these factors, the comfort is evaluated to be the most important factor. As a visual evaluation result of changes in the width of hern line, 62cm in width (the narrowest width) was highly evaluated in comfort and stiffness factors, 78cm in width (the widest width) was highly evaluated in personality and physical characteristics factors. For the result of changes in the waistline position, high-waisted bell buttom pants were was highly evaluated in personality and stiffness factors, low-waisted bell buttom pants were was highly evaluated in comfort, physical characteristics and modern factors. The width of hem line and waistline position of the bell buttom pants interacted to the comfort factor. The width of hem line had more influence on visual evaluation in personality factors while physical characteristics, stiffness and modern factors were affected by the waistline position.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

Online shopping is increasing worldwide. Providing customers actual feeling of the product is essential in online shopping. Various technological aids can be used to support visual feeling. When delivering visual tangibility, it is important to study which attributes are significant in product presentations that best portray the actual tactileness. In this perspective, we suggest 'visual tactility' (VT) as a parameter for delivering tangibility in visual presentation. By measuring visual tactility in different product types, latent factors of visual tactility were identified and their influence on purchase intention was determined in this study. We defined material properties of touch such as surface texture, hardness, temperature, and weight as Visual Tactility (VT), the influential factor of tactility. We investigated the influence of VT on product purchase intention and analyzed tactileness within four online product presentations: single static picture, multi static pictures, zoom, and video. Our purpose was to investigate underlying effects of visual tactile attributes on touch and determine their influences according to online product presentation formats. Our results showed that visual tactility positively affected purchase intention and that each attribute differed in importance according to product type. Moreover, this study revealed a strong relation between online product presentation and VT attributes. These results provide a guide when selecting which presentation is optimal for delivering a product's tactility in online shopping situation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2001

This study aims to develop three types of the visual fields: stationary field, eye field, and head field, which are classified depending upon the eye and head movements. A visual experiment taking target size, target color, and meridian into account was conducted, in which the L32 orthogonal array was employed. The results showed that target size and meridian were significant at ${\alpha}$=0.01 in all three visual fields. Contrary to expectation, target color was significant at ${\alpha}$=0.10 only in the head field. Furthermore, the differences in size of the head field depending upon four target colors were negligibly small. Three linear regression models were provided to generate visual fields which are appropriate for given visual task's characteristics. In addition, a simple method using adjusting factor was also proposed so that anyone without knowledge for human factors/ergonomics can easily generate and use them when designing or evaluating visual tasks. It is expected that the visual fields presented in this study can be easily used even by non-ergonomic experts in real situations due to their simplicity.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the construct validity of K-WPPSI-IV. Factor structures of the structures of the K-WPPSI-IV full scale as well as primary index scales for two age ranges (2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months; 4 years to 7 years, 7 months) were examined. Methods: Data were collected from 1,700 children aged 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 7 months during the K-WPPSI-IV standardization. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using the K-WPPSI-IV subtest performances with maximum likelihood estimation using Amos 18. Results: First, the three-factor model (verbal comprehension, visual spatial, and working memory) fitted best for the younger age range. However, the five-factor model (verbal comprehension, visual spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) fitted best for the older age range. Residuals suggest the presence of two nested subfactors within the verbal comprehension factor (broad/expressive and focused/simple). Second, the confirmatory factor analysis on primary index subtests identified factors that account for the intercorrelations among the reduced sets of primary index subtests. Conclusion: The findings showed that the theoretical structures of WPPSI-IV subtests were confirmed within K-WPPSI-IV.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the design and management of the national park roadside slopes through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Chi-ri national park, for this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows. Visual volumes of the naked, rock, ground cover of seed spray, and artificial planting are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of the national park roadside slopes landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, spatial, appeal, physical, openness and dignity factors such as the overall the spatial, physical and openness yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of the roadside slopes, variables such as the summit, the constructions management, harmony of landscape, visual stability of roadside slopes, suitable artificial planting and suitable constructions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2002

This study investigated the influential range of landmarks and the relationship between landmarks and cognition factor so as to offer basic data to be used for the effective use and the management of landmarks. In this study, eighteen famous landmark in Seoul were selected and analyzed. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) First, eighteen determining elements of cognition factors were selected via documents survey. Second, general cognition factors of landmarks were analysed using these elements through questionnaires to specialists. As a result of factor analysis, historic cultural factor, scale factor, visual form factor, locational factor and uniqueness factor were revealed. 2) According to revealed cognition factor, eighteen landmarks are categorized into four types using MDS method via questionnaire to resident in Seoul city. These four types of landmarks are: type I that are recognized by historic cultural factor; type II that are recognized by scale factor; type III that are recognized by uniqueness factor; and type IV that are recognized by visual form factor. 3) As the result of regression, the influential range of landmarks were revealed at about a 10km radius(type I : 12km type II : whole area of Seoul city≒15km, typeIII : 8.7km, typeIV : 8.5km). 4) As a result of analysing the correlation between the influential range and the cognition factor through multiple linear regression analysis, the locational factor is the main factor affecting the influential range of landmarks in every type. The uniqueness factor comes next, which affects influential range partially. 5) Except type 1, as a result of analysing the correlation between influential range and the physical heights of landmarks, a quadratic equation is revealed, showing that the influential range of landmarks over 200 meters in height shows a radical change. Landmarks can be used as reinforcement tools of legibility, effective tools for landscape management and for the improvement of a community's image. This study on the influential range of landmarks and main cognition factor can be utilized as a landmark management plan and in urban planning, such as a new town plan.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

This study conducted an evaluation of the streetscape improvement project of the Gwangbok Street through analysis of visual and perceptual characteristics by comparing selected pictures of streetscape before and after the project. This work has conducted an analysis of the environmental factors which influence subjects' satisfaction degrees including physical street equipments and street view factors which are main contents of this project. Using a satisfaction analysis and factor analysis, each factor's significance was verified quantitatively. As a result of the analysis, physical components of the streetscape were classified into 4 types according to project's effectiveness and improvement priorities. These 4 types include (1) Components for maintenance because of higher satisfaction and higher importance, (2) Components for improvement because of lower satisfaction and higher importance, (3) Components for good business fruits because of higher satisfaction and lower importance, and (4) Components for unnecessity because of lower satisfaction and lower importance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.101-106
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• 2008

The use of daylighting has been increased recently due to energy and visual comfort. The aims of interior daylighting are to adequately illuminate visual tasks, to create an attractive visual environment, and to save electrical energy. Lightpipe can improve the distribution of light to interior spaces. This study aims to evaluate the comparative daylighting performance of lightpipe under different sky conditions with mock-up model, sized $6m{\times}6m{\times}4m$ ($w{\times}d{\times}h$). For the purpose, perpendicular lightpipe system was designed as 650 diameter, with an aspect ratio of 2. Totally 49 measuring points of and two of outdoor illuminance on the horizontal plane were monitored from 09:00 to 18:30 on April 29 and May 15 2008. Agilent data logger and photometric sensor were used. Light factor were used to analyse daylight performance under different sky condition. Under overcast sky condition and clear sky condition, the lightpipe system is suitable for KS recommendation level of illuminance.