• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.10
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• pp.45-70
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to obtain more insight into the explanation and prognosis of consumer behavior in real and virtual museums. The analysis focuses on the influence of the museum environment on the museum patrons (rather than on the influence of the art objects). On the basis of the emotional approach to environmental psychology by Mehrabian and Russell (1974), a behavior model has been developed for museums. The model, which is based on the emotional variables pleasure, arousal and dominance (PAD), is also enhanced by cognitive variabies (learning attractiveness, education standard and information demand). The enhancement of the classical model was necessary because cognitive variables play a major role in cultural institutions such as museums: One important objective of museums is the communication of cultural knowledge to visitors. The model is tested empirically using structural equation modeling. 301 visitors were interviewed individually. Two different museum environments were represented using visual stimuli. The theoretical model for museums can be proved empirically. The degree to which the model fits the empirical data was extensively tested. The model showed high compatibility with the data and could be accepted. The study proves that a model can be developed, which explains visitor behavior in museums. The model shows museum designers how museums should be designed to be both emotionally appealing and a learning environment. Based on empirical studies in virtual stores on the Internet, it is discussed whether the research findings in these environments may be applied to virtual museum environments. In order to create an emotionally appealing virtual museum, it is recommended that one uses a 3-dimensional representation to offer various possibilities for interaction and to create a multi-sensual environment that appears highly realistic.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

Wellbeing is a new trend to modern people and Spa facilities are an appropriate space to them seeking a wellbeing life. Spa facilities will be increased in demand as a value of a public welfare and wellbeing life and the study of them is required. Therefore this study was to analysed domestic and foreign spa programs and characteristic spaces. When synthesizing many spa programs they were divided into three parts: hydrotherapy as a healing therapy using water, touch therapy as a type of massage using a manual and subsidiary equipment and mind therapy to heal spirit. Space of spa facilities were divided into three parts: the supporting part, the relaxing and mediating parts and the room for therapy. The supporting parts included a front desk, a consulting room, lockers, bath room and acceptance rooms etc and they were arranged in entrance space generally. The rooms for therapy were composed with a room for hydrotherapy using water, rooms for touch therapy and rooms for mind therapy refreshing a spirit and they were established contiguously being used efficiently. The mediating parts provided spaces for relaxation and waiting place between therapies and they were established in independent space generally but they are paid attention at good spaces forming the community of visitors and giving a characteristic images for the spa. Spa has been divided into several types in accordance with age of visitors for example children, young people, middle aged people and aged people. It has equipped with complex functions from welfare to medical. Therefore it is thought that many studies of each facilities become accomplished to propose suitable interior design.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.53
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• pp.231-251
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• 2017

Taekwondo has developed into a global sport that sports 80 million people from 208 countries around the world. Korea is the mother country of Taekwondo, and there are many international Taekwondo events in Korea. As important as the image of Taekwondo contents, it will be operation plan and management for event facilities. In particular, safety management for participants is more important than anything else. In case of Taekwondo where there are many national events, there are many foreign visitors, so safety management in facilities and running programs needs to be important. In this study, we conducted in - depth interviews with experts with a career in Taekwondo events. Based on the in - depth interviews, we analyzed the safety management problems of the international Taekwondo events and suggested improvement directions to overcome them. Based on the results of these researches, the improvement direction of Taekwondo event safety management proposed in the first category is a demand for improving safety and injury related system construction. The second category, the safety improvement of visitors, is to secure professional manpower and secure budgets. Also, what is important in the third category, facility safety area, is the proposal to introduce facility safety certification system.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2017

The Korea Wave has been spread out all over the world since 1990s. Therefore, it can be seen that the Korea wave phenomenon is one of determinants of international tourism demand for Korea in addition to the macro factors such as population, GDP per capita, exchange rate, distance, etc. Existing studies have focused on analyzing the impacts of the Korea wave on the international tourism demand for Korea by using the aggregated data. However, the impacts of the Korea wave inducing tourism vary in different age groups. In this study, we conduct empirical analysis in order to explore how different the effects of Korea wave on the demand of foreign tourists visiting to Korea in different age groups are. The estimation results show that the Korea Wave influences most on international tourism demand for Korea in the age group of the under-20s. Noticeable is that the estimated effects of the Korea Wave on international tourism demand for Korea in the age group of the over-50s are higher than those in the 30s and 40s. This indicates that the parent generations visit Korea together with their young children who are most affected by the Korea Wave. Through this study, it is necessary to develop strategies for tourism marketing linked to children and parents, and to develop tourism products to increase the number of foreign visitors to Korea in the 30s and 40s.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2013

With the increase of visitors to rural tourism villages, the direct selling at sites is getting vitalized. Accordingly, their display stores is getting more important. Therefore, this study has selected 30 domestic rural tourism villages as study objects for the attitude survey of 200 farming suppliers and the site examination for the designs of those display stores in order to analyze their status and classify the types of necessity. Such operation status as sale item, sale method, method of supply and demand, major customer, sales scale, manager, opening hour, and operation cost were examined, to identity and for design factors the pattern, material quality and color were investigated. For the attitude of farming suppliers, the tactics of sales, the reason for being positive or negative, the functionality and the features of display stores were examined through brainstorming. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Program was employed for Frequency, which indicated that village chiefs and store managers with the sales scale of 1 to 20 million won are dealing with female customers in their 40's and 50's and that those stores are open at the time of experience or year round without any operation expense. Permanent type and Fixed type were found to be the design factors of the display-case type with the material and the color of wood and orange respectively. The result of investigation analysis of farming suppliers' attitude showed the followings: the need of display stores is quite high, structure type and permanent type have high fitness and from the viewpoint of display-on-table type as a standard moving type was very convenient. The analysis of significant items at the characteristics of those display stores revealed that their locations, quality conservation, sanitation, users' convenience, designs and promotion are very important. The result of status analysis revealed that though there is a correlation among the types of display stores depending on the visiting season of tourists their installing is not desirable. Three types have been analyzed: Type 1 is a structure type only in the villages with continuous visitors, Type 2 a moving-table type only in the villages with temporary visitors and Type 3 is a fixed display-case type.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 2009

As 'design for all' and 'adaptable design', universal design is highly demanded to be adopted in neighborhood forest trail. The research areas were Mt. Doeum in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk Province and Mt. Anma in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province which were equipped based on 7 principles of universal design. The purpose of this research is providing baseline data for effective formulation of forest trail using universal design through visitors' evaluation on forest trail facilities by importance-performance analysis. Visitor's evaluation was achieved through questionnaire survey, and total 247 pieces of subjects were used for the analysis, 114 pieces from Mt. Doeum in Pohang and 113 pieces from Mt. Anma in Chuncheon. The residential areas of the respondents were mainly near each mountain - Mt. Doeum and Mt. Anma. According to the responses, nature study and education were the biggest reasons for the respondents' visits to Mt. Doeum, and so was the health to Mt. Anma, which are representative types of visiting behavior to nearby forest trails. The mean of importance was shown to be 3.87 while that of performance was 4.04, being a little higher than importance's, in importance-performance analysis of Mt. Doeum. This result suggests that the responders placed positive value on the forest trail applying universal design. It is necessary to improve the safety and convenience of guidance-safety handrail, make information sign easy to understand, and introduce an interpretive sign meeting the visiting purposes of visitors. Also, the management to make the road surface flat is in demand for the accessibility to forest trail. The mean of importance was 3.92 and that of performance was 3.99 in Mt. Anma, which suggests the necessity of improvement in safety of pavement material and boundary safety facilities.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-50
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• 2016

This paper is to apply an individual travel cost method(TCM) to estimate demand functions for cultural services enjoyed by visiting 3 branches of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art located in the Seoul Metropolitan area. This paper extends the standard TCM by incorporating opportunity costs of leisure time and two different data generating process - 398 respondents from an on-site survey and 600 respondents from a general household survey. Negative binomial models reflecting the non-negative integer nature of visiting frequency with over-dispersed variance were best fitted for demand functions, in which residents of Seoul metropolitan area surveyed from on the site exhibited higher visitation demand for the national art museum. Price elasticity and income elasticity differed by respondents' residency. Price elasticity of long distance visitors (-0.21) was more inelastic from those of Seoul residents (-0.34 ~ -0.5). Moreover, regional residents outside of Seoul area seemed to consider that services from the national art museum is a normal good with income elasticity of 0.5, whereas the Seoul residents seemed to perceive it to be an inferior good with income elasticity of -0.05.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.67-83
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• 2018

The Korean film industry with significant increase every year exceeded the number of cumulative audiences of 200 million people in 2013 finally. However, starting from 2015 the Korean film industry entered a period of low growth and experienced a negative growth after all in 2016. To overcome such difficulty, stakeholders like production company, distribution company, multiplex have attempted to maximize the market returns using strategies of predicting change of market and of responding to such market change immediately. Since a film is classified as one of experiential products, it is not easy to predict a box office record and the initial number of audiences before the film is released. And also, the number of audiences fluctuates with a variety of factors after the film is released. So, the production company and distribution company try to be guaranteed the number of screens at the opining time of a newly released by multiplex chains. However, the multiplex chains tend to open the screening schedule during only a week and then determine the number of screening of the forthcoming week based on the box office record and the evaluation of audiences. Many previous researches have conducted to deal with the prediction of box office records of films. In the early stage, the researches attempted to identify factors affecting the box office record. And nowadays, many studies have tried to apply various analytic techniques to the factors identified previously in order to improve the accuracy of prediction and to explain the effect of each factor instead of identifying new factors affecting the box office record. However, most of previous researches have limitations in that they used the total number of audiences from the opening to the end as a target variable, and this makes it difficult to predict and respond to the demand of market which changes dynamically. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the weekly number of audiences of a newly released film so that the stakeholder can flexibly and elastically respond to the change of the number of audiences in the film. To that end, we considered the factors used in the previous studies affecting box office and developed new factors not used in previous studies such as the order of opening of movies, dynamics of sales. Along with the comprehensive factors, we used the machine learning method such as Random Forest, Multi Layer Perception, Support Vector Machine, and Naive Bays, to predict the number of cumulative visitors from the first week after a film release to the third week. At the point of the first and the second week, we predicted the cumulative number of visitors of the forthcoming week for a released film. And at the point of the third week, we predict the total number of visitors of the film. In addition, we predicted the total number of cumulative visitors also at the point of the both first week and second week using the same factors. As a result, we found the accuracy of predicting the number of visitors at the forthcoming week was higher than that of predicting the total number of them in all of three weeks, and also the accuracy of the Random Forest was the highest among the machine learning methods we used. This study has implications in that this study 1) considered various factors comprehensively which affect the box office record and merely addressed by other previous researches such as the weekly rating of audiences after release, the weekly rank of the film after release, and the weekly sales share after release, and 2) tried to predict and respond to the demand of market which changes dynamically by suggesting models which predicts the weekly number of audiences of newly released films so that the stakeholders can flexibly and elastically respond to the change of the number of audiences in the film.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.981-998
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• 2012

In this paper, several count data model of travel cost recreation demand with Poisson and negative binominal specification are applied to estimate the value of access to the estuary area of Yeongsan river from visitor survey data. The results show that the negative binomial model that accounts for truncation and overdispersion provides the better goodness-of-fit, and therefore the value per visit(i.e. consumer surplus) is 89,350 won for resident of Jeolla province and 432,526 won for that of other provinces. If don't correct overdispersion by relying on Poisson estimates, the consumer surplus will be underestimated. Whereas the consumer surplus will be overestimated unless correct truncation by using estimates of untruncated models. As a result, the truncated negative binomial model should be applied to estimate the travel demand and the consumer surplus per visit by using survey data from single site visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

This study aims to analyze the current situation of and issues in the structure of urban neighborhood parks and park facility installation in cities in Gyeonggi-do. Then, based on its findings, plans to improve the space structure of the parks were examined and suggested to raise the city environment improvement function and green area base function of urban parks and fully satisfy users' needs for pleasant rest, recreation and cultural activities. The findings showed that, within parks, the area of grass where access was restricted reached about 24.4% in average. In other words, only 75.6% of total park area could be freely used by park visitors. As for an improvement plan, the grass area where access is limited may be converted into a gras area that can be freely used to raise the park use area, which currently stands only at 75.6%, to 100%. The result of cross analysis through Chi-Square Test regarding lawn use as well as regarding (dis)agreement with reduction of lawn, based on the investigation of cognition, showed a significant agreement of park users with reduction of green areas. Therefore it is considered that lawn space must be reduced according the result of the analysis, to set up plans for facility space that would meet the desires of users. The analysis of user behaviors revealed that many of them used square spaces and walks; therefore it is considered that re-structuring of space is necessary according to local characteristics. This study also made some policy suggestion. urban parks must be a base of city green areas to counter climate changes. When developing a park creation plan, a user demand survey must be conducted in advance. In addition. grass construction methods should be improved to tolerate foot pressure.