• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.123-137
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to examine parental attitudes perceived by juvenile delinquents and to provide the basic material on the problem of juvenile delinquency. For this purpose, this study examines 1) the relation-ship between the juvenile delinquents' social demographic characteristics and the juvenile delinquents' view of parental attitudes 2) the correlation between the juvenile delinquents' social demographic characteristics and the content and the motive of delinquency, 3) the content and the motive of delinquency in accordance with the juvenile delinquents' view of parental attitudes. For the subject of this study, 318 juvenile delinquents who were in the custody of the institution in An-Yang were selected, and questionnaire sheets were used. Of 318 questionnaire sheets, 221 sheets were analyzed by statistical methods, and the data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, average, t-test, x-test, and F-test; 1. There is a significant difference in the juvenile delinquents' view of their fathers in accordance with their fathers' age. Namely, the younger the father is, the more the juvenile delinquent wants his father to be less negative. There is a significant difference in the juvenile delinquents' view of their mothers according to the existence of step-sibling. Juveniles with step-siblings deny their mothers' inconsistent attitude more than the juveniles without a step-sibling. 2. The social demographic characteristics influencing the content of juvenile delinquency are juvenile's age, the degree of education, the father's age, the style of possessing house and the region of a dwelling. The motive of delinquency show a significant difference according to the juvenile's age. 3. According to the results of studying the correlation between the view of parental attitudes and the content and the motive of delinquency, there is a significant difference in the father's protective attitude, and the content of delinquency as well as in the mother's positive denial, her rigid control, her inconsistent attitude and the content of delinquency. The subordinate domains are opposite to the traditional conception that the father is stern and the mother is peronssive. Today our society encourages the parents' equal and democratic attitude toward their children and the juvenile's view of parental attitudes is discordant with the reality. The juvenile delinquents' view of parental attitudes reflects the equalitariansim of the contemporary society but is influenced by the traditional view of the parents.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 1992

Four endodontic instruments from different manufacturers(K - file, Hedstrom - file, K - flex - file, Cavi - Endo) were used to shape 80 mesial canals of extracted posterior teeth. The instrument's ability to enlarge and shape the canals as the original canal shape was assessed by superimposing radiographs of canals obtained before and after canal shaping. The results were as follows 1. Hedstrom - file enlarged canals greater than K - file, K - flex - file, and Cavi - Endo(P<0.05). There are no differences in canal enlargement among K - flex, K - flex - file, and Cavi - Endo(P<0.05). 2. All the instruments showed no difference in canal enlargement between convex side and concave side of B point in proximal and clinical radiographic views, but at the concave side of C point canals were enlarged greater than at the convex side(proximal view of K - file: P<0.05, the others: P<0.01). 3. There was no difference m canal enlargement between convex side and concave side in proximal view of A and D points of K - file and K - flex - file(P<0.05). But in clinical view, canal enlargement at convex side of A point and concave side of D point was greater than that at concave side of A point and convex side of D point respectively. 4. Hedstrom - files showed greater canal enlargement at convex side of A points and concave side of D points (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Cavi - Endo showed no difference in canal enlargement between convex side and concave side at A and D points in proximal view(P<0.05). Bur canal enlargement was greater at concave side than at convex side of D point in clinical view. 5. K - file and Cavi - Endo showed no differences in canal enlargement between convex and concave side in proximal and clinical view (P<0.05). K - flex - file showed greater canal enlargement at concave side in proximal and clinical view(P<0.0:5). Hedstrom file showed no difference in canal enlargement between convex side and concave side in proximal view, but showed greater canal enlargement at concave side in clinical view(P<0.05).

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.874-880
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• 2002

A number of techniques have been proposed for 3D display using view-difference of two eyes. These methods do not express enough reality like real world. The display images have to change according to the position of a viewer to improve reality. In this paper, we present an approach for generating intermediate image between two different view images by applying new image interpolation algorithm The interpolation algorithm is designed to cope with complex shapes. The proposed image interpolation algorithm generates rotated image about vertical axes by any angle from base images. Each base image that was obtained from CCD camera has an view-angle difference of $3^{\circ}C$, $5.5^{\circ}C$, $^{\circ}C$, $22^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$. The proposed into mediate image generation method uses the geometric analysis of image and depth information through the block-based matching method.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relevance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation by occupation ratio (OR) at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle. Methods: Patients from the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital who received rotator cuff repair and underwent pre- and postoperative MRI were selected as subjects of this study. On T1-weighted MRIs, OR of fat and muscle at Y-shaped view, OR at a location on supraspinatus muscle where its diameter was maximum on coronal view, and pre- and postoperative Goutallier Classification and changes in the tangent sign were measured. Statistical significance of postoperative OR was assessed regarding time from symptom onset to surgery, size of rotator cuff tear, preoperative OR, and the difference between ORs measured at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle and Y-shaped view. Results: Preoperative OR at Y-shaped view was $52.28{\pm}8.57$ (32.5-65.3). Preoperative OR difference between maximum diameter and Y-shaped view was $13.76{\pm}10.51$ (2.38-42.04), and Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.604 (p=0.001). Postoperative OR at Y-shaped view was $63.77{\pm}9.35$ (37.3-76.1). Pearson correlation coefficient of pre- and postoperative Goutallier Classification was -0.579 (p=0.002) and Pearson correlation coefficient of the postoperative difference between ORs measured at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle and Y-shaped view was -0.386 (p=0.047). Conclusions: Fatty degeneration of supraspinatus muscle in rotator cuff tear patients should be evaluated not only in the conventional Y-shaped view, but also at location of maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle to establish patients' therapeutic plan.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study is to provide clinical data when reverse-water's-view was carried out about pediatric who did not communicate by applying self-development jaw lift tool. This study were conducted in a subject of 23 children who examined revers-water's-view from 2013 July 6 to 2013 August 5 at our hospital. Two group time which were carried out revers-water's with tool and without tool were measured. also, Image of two group were evaluated. Evaluation data obtained by measuring the average difference were analyzed by independent-t-test. After apply self-development-jaw-lift-tool, time was reduced by 35.2%(36.6sec). the results indicated significant differences(p< .05). Image evaluation was increase 43.5%(1.03point), It was statistically highly significant difference (p< .01). If apply self-development-jaw-lift-tool in pediatric revers-water's-view, operator can provide fast, convenience, high quality image to pediatric.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.497-503
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• 2004

In this research, we have performed a T-test to see how the relationship between dependent variable or visual point level and independent variable or visual quantity is in order to clear up the correlation between pattern of visual point and visual quantity by the constituents of a view from a different visual point level and the results are as follows: 1) In case of the character of Mt. Uam landscape of the city, Uamsan is set as a fixed point and about a direction of view(D), the north is a datum point from which the range of direction is distributed within 1800 westwardly and the visual range(R) is also within 2000m. An elevation is an average of 7.40 and the average story of the buildings is 3.85. Here the height of a story is about 4m so the average of the visual point difference is estimated at 15.4m. 2) The type of visual point is divided into the intersection group and the front of the highly used public buildings group. Double intersection types account for about 78.80%(52 spots) which forms a majority part of LCP. 3) The analysis of the difference of visual point level divided by eye level and that of the top of the buildings has been proved that there's a sharp difference resulted from t-test at 1 % significant level. The significant difference of elevation from height difference(l5.93m), however, has not been shown. 4) From the result of T-test about visual quantity by the elements of a view from a different visual point level, the visual quantity of mountain(VQM), sky(VQS), ground(VQG) is significant at about 1% each and that of building(VQB) is at about 5%. The difference in visual quantity of a mountain by the visual point level is at about 4% which can meet a marginal level of LCP necessary for evaluation of mountainscape.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2015

Purpose: In digital mammography QC program was used for the purpose of reducing low-dose and high-definition images of the radiation dose. Materials and Methods: In digital mammography using a QC phantom according to the average glandular dose in the exposure method MLO view $0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, was measured at $90^{\circ}C$ intervals, an image with Hologic QC program to the SNR and CNR was measured to evaluate. Results: The average dose in the MLO view was wired to $90^{\circ}C$ when the maximum was 1.75 mGy, it decreased approximately 6% was measured at $45^{\circ}C$ 1.65 mGy. In addition, 1.67 mGy, manual record, there were an average wired in accordance with the exposure dose and the dose of 1.52 mGy difference in the way auto filter. Image quality evaluation at every angular section SNR 50 ~ 52, shows a slight difference in CNR 11 ~ 12, it was included in the manufacturer's recommended value. Conclusion: The dose was lowest in MLO view $45^{\circ}C$, the difference between SNR and CNR were insignificant. The method of exposure will need a way to reduce the exposure of the patient's body or unnecessary patient by placing a difference in settings in which the characteristics.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.768-779
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the effect of root canal shaping techniques on the change of the shape of prepared root canal. 40 mesiobuccal canals of recently extracted mandibular 1st and 2nd molars were divided into 4 groups and shaped by step-down/balanced force technique, step-down/step-back technique, step-back technique and conventional technique respectively. The change of the shape of root canal was traced by superimposing the radiographs obtained before and after shaping of each root canal. The results were as follows. 1. By the experimented techniques except conventional technique, the root canals were more shaped in convex side of apical area and in concave side of most curved and coronal area than in the other sides(P<0.05). By conventional technique, the root canals were more shaped in convex side than in convave side from apex to orifice(P<0.05). 2. By step-down/balanced force technique, the cancave sides at C and D points of proximal view and C point of clinical view were more shaped than the convex side(P<0.05). Through the entire canal, the concave side was more shaped than the convex side in proximal view(P<0.01). But there was no statistical difference between both sides in clinical view. 3. By step-down/step-back technique, the change of root canal shape was not statistically different in concave and convex sides at each point of both views(P>0.05). And through the entire canal in proximal view, there was no statistical difference in shaping percentage between both sides. But through the entire canal in clinical view, the concave side was more shaped than the convex side(P<0.1). 4. By step-back technique, the convex side at B point of clinical more shaped than the other sides(P<0.05). Through the entire canal in proximal and clinical views, there was no statistical difference in shaping percentage between both sides. 5. Comparing the total shaping percentage among techniques, that in conventional technique was the greatest numerically, and followed by the percentages in step-down/step-back, step-down/balanced force and step-back technique. But, in proximal view, shaping percentages were not statistically different among techniques(P>0.05, ANOVA test). In clinical view, shaping percentages in step-back and conventional techniques were statistically different(P<0.01, ANOVA test). * Proximal view: radiograph taken in mesiodistal direction. * Clincal view: radiograph taken in faciolingual direction. A point : 1mm point from radiographic apex B point : center point between A and C points C point : most curved point of root canal D point : center point between C point and canal oriffice.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Despite of many supportive research to the usefulness of slide evaluation on environment of outdoor lighting, study method of using slides have provoked many discussions of its manifestation of reality of field conditions. This study aims to compare the results of slide survey with that of field survey. Distant view and short range view of nightscape of Seoul were selected. Field measurement of luminance and chromaticity were conducted and questionnaire survey were conducted. Frequency analysis, T-test, factor analysis were conducted. Results shows that distant view and short range view of field survey have better visual atmosphere than slide survey. In addition, slide survey on distant view shows lowest values. Difference between field survey and slide survey on distant view is much bigger than the results of short range view.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to understand a view in the light of sequence by human\\`s moving by quantitatively dealing with the elements of sequence view of multiple dwelling zone and to explain its characteristics. As a result, this study found that the sequence view of multiple dwelling zone makes difference according to the degree of sequential changes, layout form, width and moving interval in the zone, as well as view elements outside the zone. The changes in view elements are also treated qualitatively in comparing each multiple dwelling zone in order to explain the characteristics of view of multiple dwelling zone using their mean value and change coefficient.