• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권5호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2022

Environmental thermal loads such as vertical and lateral temperature gradients are significant factors that must be taken into account when designing the bridge. Different models have been developed and used by countries for simulating thermal gradients in bridge codes. In most of the codes only vertical temperature gradients are considered, such as Iranian Standard Loads for Bridge code (ISLB), which only considers the vertical gradient for bridge design proposes. On the other hand, the vertical gradient profile specified in ISLB, has many lacks due to the diversity of climate in Iran, and only one vertical gradient profile is defined for whole Iran. This paper aims to get the both vertical and lateral gradient loads for the concrete box girder using experimental analysis in the capital of Iran, Tehran. To fulfill this aim, thermocouples are installed in experimental concrete segment and temperatures in different location of the segment are recorded. A three dimensional finite element model of concrete box-girder bridge is constructed to study the effects of thermal loads. Results of investigation proved that the effects of thermal loads are not negligible, and must be considered in design processes. Moreover, a solution for reducing the negative effects of thermal gradients in bridges is proposed. Results of the simulation show that using one layer polyurethane insulation can significantly reduce the thermal gradients and thermal stresses.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2006년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.161-166
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• 2006

수직 중력 변화율 탐사는 중력 탐사에 비하여 분해능과 탐지능이 높고 광역 효과를 억제하는 이점이 있다. 수직 변화율의 실제 측정은 어려움이 많아 정확성과 실용성에서 의문이 제기되기도 하였으나, 현대적인 중력계로는 요구되는 정확도를 유지하는 것이 크게 어려운 일이 아니다. 특히, 얕은 깊이의 소규모 구조를 대상으로 하는 토목, 환경 문제에는 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다. 이 논문은 수직 중력 변화율 탐사를 천부 고분해 밀도 구조 해석에 적용하기 위하여 수직 중력 변화율에 관한 전반적 고찰과 수치 역산 모델링을 통하여 중력 탐사와 비교, 분석하였으며, 전남 무안의 석회암 공동 지역에서 수행한 수직 중력 변화율 탐사를 수행하고 역산, 해석하였다.

• 대기
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2016

A quality check algorithm for the Weather Information Service Engine pulsed Doppler wind lidar is developed from a view point of spatial and temporal consistencies of observed wind speed. Threshold values for quality check are determined by statistical analysis on the standard deviation of 3-component of wind speed obtained by a wind lidar, and the vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed obtained by a radiosonde system. The algorithm includes carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) check, data availability check, and vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed check. That is, data sets whose CNR is less than -29 dB, data availability is less than 90%, or vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed is less than $-0.028s^{-1}$ or larger than $0.032s^{-1}$ are classified as 'doubtful', and flagged. The developed quality check algorithm is applied to data obtained at Bucheon station for the period from 1 to 30 September 2015. It is found that the number of 'doubtful' data shows maxima around 2000 m high, but the ratio of 'doubtful' to height-total data increases with increasing height due to atmospheric boundary height, cloud, or rainfall, etc. It is also found that the quality check by data availability is more effective than those by carrier to noise ratio or vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed to remove an erroneous noise data.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 국내에서 사용하고 있는 연직배수재의 통수능시험 평가방법과 국내 관련 시방기준들을 고찰하고 연직배수재통수능 시험시 결과에 영향을 미치는 인자로 동수경사 변화에 따른연직배수재의 통수능 시험 결과를 분석하였다. 국내 연직배수재의 통수능 평가시험방법으로 기존 Delft 방법에 근거한 KS K 0940(2008)이 최근 한국표준으로 등재되었으며, 이 시험방법을 사용하는 경우 동수경사의 변화에 따라 연직배수재의 통수능의 차이가 크게 나타날 가능성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

직접 연결식(DC) 고도모의 엔진시험 수행 시, 공기 흡입 덕트와 항공용 엔진 사이에 래버린스 씰이 설치된다. 래버린스 씰은 이 둘을 기계적으로 격리시킴으로써 주추력 및 측추력을 보다 정확하게 측정할 수 있도록 돕는다. 하지만 덕트 내부 공급공기에 높은 수직 온도구배가 발생할 경우, 래버린스 씰의 격리가 파괴되어버린다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 접촉 문제를 해결하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 래버린스 씰 온도 제어장치를 제작/설치하였다. 본 장치를 실제 항공용 엔진시험에 적용한 결과, 높은 수직 온도구배가 생성되어도 래버린스 씰의 격리가 잘 유지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1676-1682
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• 2008

The vertical curve of railway is installed in changing point where the gradient is more than a certain degree to ensure safe operation of train and comfort of passengers. As a result of CAD work with 3D coordination by using the existing equation, it was found that the simple equation about vertical curve installation suggested in the surveying engineering or railway regulations did not reflect theoretical curvature of circular curve in a case of steep grade and large vertical radius. In this study, for derive precision equation and transition curve about vertical curve, gradient parameters, equation of circles and transition curve equation were used, and it was verified by CAD that the derived equation is exactly satisfied with parameters of geometrical circular and transition curve. This equation could be used to provide more smoothing operation of train and comfort of passengers on vertical curves, especially in case that railway requires precision vertical alignment of track such as super high-speed railway, LRT or Maglev system.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

직육면체 프리즘에 대한 중력, 자력, 중력 변화율 텐서 및 자력 변화율 텐서 반응식을 정리하였다. 직교 좌표계에서 직육면체 프리즘에 대한 삼중 적분으로 수직 중력을 유도하고, 직육면체의 축 방향 대칭성을 이용하여 순환 치환으로 두 개의 수평 중력 성분을 유도한다. 벡터 중력을 각 성분 별로 미분하여 중력 변화율 텐서를 유도한다. 포아송(Poisson) 관계식을 이용하면 일정한 방향으로 자화된 벡터 자력은 중력 변화율 텐서로부터 얻어진다. 벡터 자력을 각 방향으로 미분하여 최종적으로 자력 변화율 텐서를 유도하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2019

Background: The plant communities within reservoir drawdown zones are ecologically important as they provide a range of ecosystem services such as stabilizing the shoreline, improving water quality, enhancing biodiversity, and mitigating climate change. The aim of the study was therefore to identify the major environmental factors affecting these plant communities within the drawdown zone of the Soyangho Reservoir in South Korea, which experiences a monsoonal climate, and thereafter to (1) elucidate the plant species responses and (2) compare the soil seedbank composition along main environmental gradients. Results: Two main environmental gradients affecting the plant community structure were identified within the drawdown zone; these were a vertical and longitudinal gradient. On the vertical dimension, a hydrological gradient of flood/exposure, the annual-dominated plant community near the water edge changed to a perennial-dominated community at the highest elevation. On the longitudinal dimension from the dam to the upstream, plant species composition changed from an upland forest-edge community to a lowland riverine community, and this was correlated with slope degree, soil particle size, and soil moisture content. Simultaneously, the composition of the soil seedbank was separated along the vertical gradient of the drawdown zone, with mainly annuals near the water edge and some perennials at higher elevations. The species composition similarity between the seedbank and extant vegetation was greater in the annual communities at low elevation than in the perennial communities at higher elevation. Conclusions: The structures of plant community and soil seedbank in the drawdown zone of a monsoonal riverine reservoir were changed first along the vertical and secondly along the longitudinal gradients. The soil seedbank could play an important role on the vegetation regeneration after the disturbances of flood/exposure in the drawdown zone. These results indicate that it is important to understand the vertical and longitudinal environmental gradients affecting shoreline plant community structure and the role of soil seedbanks on the rapid vegetation regeneration for conserving and restoring the drawdown zone of a monsoonal reservoir.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제71권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1985

경사면(傾斜面)에 생육(生育)하는 굴참나무, 물참나무, 갈참나무, 떡갈나무 천연림(天然林)의 입목경사도(立木傾斜度)에 미치는 여러 인자(因子)의 영향을 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하였다. 입목경사도(立木傾斜度)에 영향을 미치고 있는 인자(因子)는 수종간(樹種間)의 차(差), 입목경사도(立木傾斜度), 방위(方位)였으며, 입목밀도(立木密度)와 수고(樹高)는 입목경사도(立木傾斜度)와는 상관(相關)이 없었다. 인자(因子) 중 수종간(樹種間)의 차(差)가 입목경사도(立木傾斜度)에 가장 크게 영향을 미쳤으며 다음이 사면경사도(斜面傾斜度)였다. 특히 수종(樹種) 중에서는 물참나무가 모든 사면경사도(斜面傾斜度)에서 가장 기울어지는 양상을 나타내었다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.160-163
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• 2001

In order to develop a nodule conveying system through a flexible pipe out of the deep-seabed manganese nodule miner, an experimental study of the solid-water slurry flow in vertical pipe is performed as the first stage of total experiments. Hydraulic characteristics of the pipe slurry flow such as slip velocity, transport concentration and pressure gradient are investigated for the size of particle, load ratio, and flow rate of water. The higher the load ratio is, the larger the transport concentration and pressure gradient become. The bigger the size of particles is, the larger the pressure gradient becomes. The effectiveness of the flow rate to hydraulic performance is also investigated. This results are to be used for designing crusher and pump, and operating the conveying device.