• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.824-835
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• 2016

2015년 기준 자동차 등록대수는 약 2,100만대를 넘어 1가구당 1.07대를 보유하고 있는 실정이나[1], 국내 자동차용 표준연료에 대한 기준은 부재한 상황이다. 자동차용 표준연료(reference fuel)는 차량의 연비와 배출가스를 인증하거나 새로운 자동차를 개발할 때 차량의 성능 등을 평가하기 위해 사용하는 연료를 의미한다. 현재 국내에는 차량의 배출가스, 성능, 연비시험 등을 위해 유통연료를 사용하고 있으며, 유통연료는 석유 및 석유대체연료사업법과 대기환경보전법 상의 품질기준을 만족하지만 각 제조사의 원료와 공정 등에 따라 연료의 물성차이가 있어 차량 시험 시 편차가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통되는 휘발유 품질모니터링 분석결과를 바탕으로 표준연료 기준(안)을 설정하고, GDI와 MPI 연료 분사 방식의 차량에 적용하여 비교 평가한 결과, 실제 유통연료를 사용했을 때 최대 3.8%까지 발생하는 연비차이가 1.1%까지 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.629-637
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• 2015

As concern about energy security and global warming many countries have been making effort to reduce fossil fuel. In the case of US, as one of the efforts, the standards of the alcohol vehicle fuels(including blended with gasoline) have been established. Alcohol is known that make some trouble concerning startability, durability and corrosion when using as fuel of a conventional vehicle. For these reason, alcohol usage needs not only the fuel standard, but also a modified car. In the case of Korea, although there are no the standard and the modified vehicle yet, high concentration alcohol blended fuel has being sold at illegal market. In this study, exhaust gas and performance of the conventional vehicle that alcohol(methanol and isopropyl alcohol) blends were fueled were measured to notify danger of using them without preparation of institutional arrangements. Also, to analyze correlation characteristics of the fuels and them, property test of the fuels was conducted. The test result show that bad-startability caused by low RVP and high T10 affected increase in NMOG and CO. NOx was increased under the highest short term fuel trim caused by high Oxygen content and low NHV of alcohol. According to increasing as alcohol content, fuel economy and acceleration ability were decreased but $CO_2$ was not significantly decreased.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2013

Strengthening vehicle emission regulation is one of important policies to improve air quality in urban area. Due to the limitation of specified driving cycles for certification test to reflect real driving conditions, additional off-cycle emission regulations have been adopted in US and being developed in Europe. The driving cycles of US or Europe have been used in emission certification for Korean light-duty vehicles, but it has not been known how well the driving cycles reflect various real driving patterns in Korea. In that point of view, it is required to estimate vehicle emission based on real road driving conditions to raise the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulation in Korea. In this study, real driving emission measurements have been conducted for three Korean light-duty vehicles with PEMS. The driving routes consisted of urban, rural and motorway in Seoul and Incheon. The data have been analyzed with various averaging methods including moving averaging windows method and compared to emission limits set with emission certification modes applied to tested vehicles. The results have shown that the real driving pollutant emissions of a gasoline and a LPG vehicles have been ranged quite lower than those of emission limits on CVS-75 driving cycle. But real driving NOx of a light duty diesel vehicle has been considerably higher than emission limit of NEDC driving cycle. The higher than expected NOx emission of a diesel vehicle might be caused by different strategy to control EGR in real driving condition from NEDC driving.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

Even though the interior of urban transit vehicle has been changed as a preventing measure against fire to make it inflammable, there remains a possibility of fire breaking out in case of gasoline etc being brought in the subway. However, there is also the possibility that in case if fire toxic gas is generated and hot air spreads in carriage it will prove very dangerous for people sitting inside. This is a comparative study where we compare simulation results with model examining the time and direction the fire spreads when it breaks out. Also there is vertical distribution of temperature in carriage where the fire spreads out. This study is about demonstrating how to establish smokeless system in urban vehicle, about its necessity, and about vehicle system restructuring. This study also makes an effort to find more advanced method for efficient fire safety in trains. In existing vehicles, in case of fire, the smoke can't go out when doors are closed and hence it spreads in whole train. Even though the method of using ventilation or exhaust established inside the carriage to throw smoke out is much better than the way of opening end doors in each carriage, this study is trying to do research on second way. Through simulation we see that in second case, even though not as good as the first one, smoke can exit through gates. Even though the first method is better, the second can also be uses to let fire out. We can know that in the first case as the smoke can exit out faster, it provides more safety for people. So this system provides better fire safety condition.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.281-304
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• 2014

친환경 자동차의 보급을 활성화시키기 위해서는 자동차 소비자들을 분석하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 자동차 소비자들의 특성과 친환경 자동차 선호의 관계를 성별 연령 연료비 중심으로 분석하였다. 설문조사를 이용한 컨조인트법을 이용하여 응답자를 성별 연령 연료비의 기준으로 구분하여 친환경 자동차의 속성이 효용에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 응답자의 특성에 따라 자동차의 속성에 대한 한계효용에 유의한 차이가 있는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 자동차의 속성이 응답자의 효용수준에 미치는 영향이 같을 지라도 보상변이로 표출될 때는 다르게 나타날 수 있고, 반대로 효용수준에 미치는 영향이 다를지라도 보상변이는 같은 수준으로 나타날 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한계효용은 주관적인 기준이기 때문에 응답자마다 다를 수 있는 반면, 보상변이는 상충관계를 이용한 객관적인 기준이 될 수 있기 때문에 응답자 특성에 따른 실질적인 선호의 차이를 나타낼 수 있다. 보상변이에 의하면 남성과 장년이 연비가 높은 차량을 더욱 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 고유류비 소비자는 저유류비 소비자보다 주유시간에 더욱 민감하에 반응하고, 휘발유 차량은 청년층에서 더욱 선호된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Although driving patterns strongly influence greenhouse gas and air pollutant emission rate from light duty vehicles, emission measurements have been mainly based on chassis dynamometer testing with one standard driving pattern. And there has been limited work on quantifying the independent effect of driving parameters on emission rate because of multidimensional nature of real-world driving pattern. The objective of this study is to obtain the quantitative effect of relative positive acceleration (RPA) on vehicle emission rate. RPA has been used to define the occurrence of acceleration demanding large amounts of power in certain driving distance and shown to be a significant affecting parameter for real-world emission rate. 40 driving patterns have been developed with fixed driving parameters to investigate independent effect of RPA. For the same values of average vehicle speed and power, the trend in carbon dioxide emission rate and fuel consumption with respect to RPA is very clear. Emission rate of nitrogen oxide and particulate matter also increase with respect to RPA, but the trend is less clear. Carbon dioxide emission from diesel vehicle appear to be more affected by high accelerations compared to that from gasoline vehicle because of high intake air restriction during acceleration caused by turbocharger and intercooler. The results have implications for the possible reduction of environmental effects through better traffic planning and management, driver education and car design.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2012

A fuel cell vehicle has the hydrogen detection sensors for checking the hydrogen leakage because it use hydrogen for its fuel and can't use a odorant to protect the fuel cell stack. To verify the hydrogen safety of leakage we select the high possible leak points of fittings in hydrogen storage system and test the leaking behavior at them. The hydrogen leakage flow rate is 10, 40, 118 NL/min and the criterion for maximum hydrogen leakage is based on allowing an equivalent release of combustion energy as permitted by gasoline vehicles in FMVSS301. There are total 18EA hydrogen leakage detection sensors installed in test system. we acquire the hydrogen leakage detection time and determine the ranking. Hydrogen leakage detection time decrease when hydrogen leakage flow rate increase. The minimum hydrogen leakage detection time is about 3 seconds when the flow rate is 118NL/min. In this study, we optimize hydrogen sensor position in fuel cell vehicle and verify the hydrogen leakage safety because there is no inflow inside the vehicle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2014

The experiment was done on traveling at the speed of 20km/h, 60km/h and 100km/h using the performance testing mode for chassis dynamometer. The experimental method were employed to measure the waveform of secondary ignition coil and exhaust emission. In this experiment, the correlation between the secondary waveform coming from ignition coil and exhaust emission were measured in decrepit vehicle. The secondary waveform characterized by the value of effective discharge energy. The following results are obtained by analyzing the data relativity between the effective discharge energy and exhaust emission. The variation rate of effective discharge energy was largest 60km/h, 20km/h, 100km/h velocity in the ordered named. As the vehicle velocity increases, the average variation rate of CO and $NO_X$ decreases and that of HC and $CO_2$ decrease. The value of effective discharge energy, CO, $NO_X$ and fuel consumption is measured badly in case of car with failures in MAP, spark plug and good in case of car with before and after maintenance regardless of vehicle velocities. The value of effective discharge energy is to be nearly parabolic shape as vehicle velocity increases. As the value of effective discharge energy increases, the value of $NO_X$, HC and $CO_2$ decrease, the value of CO increase. The most sensible factors of exhaust emission were CO, $NO_X$, and the small variation factors were HC, $CO_2$.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2015

국내에 유통되는 자동차용휘발유의 산소함량은 2.3 wt % 이하로 규제하고 있는 반면, 유럽 및 세계연료헌장(WWFC)에서는 2.7 wt % 이하로 규제하고 있다. 산소함량을 결정짓는 함산소물질은 내연기관 내에서 연료의 연소를 보조하여 옥탄가를 상승시키고, 불완전연소로 야기되는 CO, HC와 같은 배출가스 저감에 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 2000년대 이전 미국, 유럽 등에서 자동차용휘발유의 산소함량 변화에 따른 차량적용 평가연구가 추진된 바 있으나, 발전하고 있는 연료품질, 자동차기술현황을 반영한 국내실정의 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 자동차용휘발유의 산소함량을 변화시킨 3종의 연료를 GDI, MPI 연료 분사 방식의 차량에 적용하여 비교 평가 하였다. 결과적으로 산소함량 변화에 따른 연비, 배출가스의 변화는 유사하였지만, GDI 엔진에서 산소함량이 증가할수록 PN은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Korea is the geographic location during the summer, the temperature rising to $35^{\circ}C$ and winter temperature is $-15^{\circ}C$ to reduce the air temperature changes, such as relatively large compared to other countries. This increase or decrease of the harmful exhaust gas discharged from automobile substantially inconvenience a significant impact on the active side of the car engine temperature and exhaust gas reducing device receives a large impact on the atmospheric temperature is regulation to be different. However, domestic vehicle emissions test temperature of $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ is it does not reflect this situation the actual test temperature to accurately measure the exhaust gas volume of the vehicle is difficult. In this study, domestic automobile exhaust gas test conditions of a test temperature $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ various temperatures, including (35, 25, 0, -7, -15, $-25^{\circ}C$) under the two vehicles (2.0L MPI, 2.4 L GDI) as was discussed with respect to the exhaust gas characteristics of the vehicle according to the ambient temperature gas. As a result, domestic emissions test temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ than average conditions were temperature decreases greenhouse gas emissions and increase overall increased by up to 15 times higher. Air temperature and the engine exhaust gas inconvenience a direct effect on the activation temperature required in the reduction unit is determined to be an increase of emissions and greenhouse gases, and also an increase in the variety of lubricants based lubricating and viscosity reduction, such as the engine oil due to the low temperature of these result It is considered that shows the.