• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

In this study, a novel slurry containing ceria as the abrasive particles was analyzed in terms of its frictional, thermal and kinetic attributes for interlayer dielectric (ILD) CMP application. The novel slurry was used to polish 200-mm blanket ILD wafers on an $IC1000_{TM}$ K-groove pad with in-situ conditioning. Polishing pressures ranged from 1 to 5 PSI and the sliding velocity ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s. Shear force and pad temperature were measured in real time during the polishing process. The frictional analysis indicated that boundary lubrication was the dominant tribological mechanism. The measured average pad leading edge temperature increased from 26.4 to $38.4\;^{\circ}C$ with the increase in polishing power. The ILD removal rate also increased with the polishing power, ranging from 400 to 4000 A/min. The ILD removal rate deviated from Prestonian behavior at the highest $p{\times}V$ polishing condition and exhibited a strong correlation with the measured average pad leading edge temperature. A modified two-step Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model was used to simulate the ILD removal rate. In this model, transient flash heating temperature is assumed to dominate the chemical reaction temperature. The model successfully captured the variable removal rate behavior at the highest $p{\times}V$ polishing condition and indicates that the polishing process was mechanical limited in the low $p{\times}V$ polishing region and became chemically and mechanically balanced with increasing polishing power.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 다양한 환경변수가 존재하는 실내에서 효율적인 객체를 검출하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 실내 환경은 조명의 변화와 객체에 의해 발생된 그림자, 바닥면에 반사된 조명성분 등으로 인하여 정확한 객체 검출이 이루어지기 어려운 환경이다. 먼저 객체검출을 위한 배경영상을 생성한다. 영상 내에 객체가 존재하는 경우 이전에 생성된 배경영상과 현재 입력영상간의 유사도 비교를 통해 보정된 배경영상을 생성한다. 배경영상과 입력영상으로 생성한 평균영상과 보정된 배경영상을 이용하여 혼합영상을 생성한다. 마지막으로 혼합영상을 이용하여 입력된 영상으로부터 객체를 검출한다. 검출된 객체를 보완하기 위해 레이블링 과정을 통해 잡음 성분을 제거한 후 모폴로지 기법을 적용하여 객체영역 보완한다. 따라서 조명의 변화나 그림자와 같은 환경변수로부터 강인한 객체를 검출한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템은 변형된 조명성분과 그림자 성분이 포함되어 있는 혼합영상을 사용하기 때문에 기존시스템보다 객체영역 검출이 더욱 효과적이다.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.44-65
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• 1998

The purpose of this study are to measure the overall level of consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of high school girl students and to analyze the most influential factors related to the socio-demography and the education on environment. This study also aims at inspiring the students with sound view of environments and furnishing basic data for the development of consumer education program. The researcher used questionnaires on consumer consciousness scale and consumer behavior scale for the purpose of this study. 640 students were surveyed randomly in Kwangju and Chonnam, and 608 questionnaires were selected as final analysis data. Major Findings were as follows: 1. The average score of consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of the high school girls were 86.0 on scale of 110 (72.7 on scale of 100) and 63.3 on scale of 115(43.8 on scale of 100). 2. The consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of the high school girls showed partial differences according to the socio-demography variable. 3. The consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of the high school girls showed partial differences according to the education to environment variables. 4. The consumer behavior on environmental problems had a positive relationship with the consumer consciousness. 5. The most influential variables on the consumer consciousness were necessity of the education on environment, the type of school, region, and monthly allowance money in sequence. And the most influential variables on the consumer behavior were the campaign on environment in home, participation in environment preservation, cosciousness of environment, and education experience on environment in sequence. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 44∼65, 1998)

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 부모의 부부갈등과 청소년의 정신건강 간의 관계에서 회복탄력성의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 대전, 충청권 지역의 인문계고등학교 총 7개 곳을 선정하여 고등학생 2학년을 대상으로 총 730부의 자료를 분석하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 18.0프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계, t-test와 일원분산분석, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 첫째, 인구사회학적 변인에 따라 부모의 부부갈등, 청소년의 정신건강, 회복탄력성에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 회복탄력성은 부모의 부부갈등과 청소년의 정신건강의 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 부모의 부부갈등을 높게 지각하는 청소년이라도 회복탄력성에 따라서 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 회복탄력성은 정신건강의 보호요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 정신건강을 위하여 부모의 부부갈등을 감소시키고, 청소년의 회복탄력성을 증진시킬 수 있는 다양한 프로그램 개발이나 교육정책을 제안하는데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2012

This study was conducted to survey and diagnose operation status of the agricultural machinery rental service, analyse and compare operational efficiency among 82 city and county ATDEC (agricultural technology development and extension center) using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, and recommend future direction, for improvement of the business. Input variables were invested budget and labor, and output variable was rental return. Percentages of return to investment on the rental service were calculated as 68.3% and 63.9% when analyzed with CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) and BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) models, respectively, indicating inefficiency of the service operation. Increase of rental charge would increase efficiency by 63.9~68.3% depending on models, and decrease of financial and labor investment would improve the efficiency by about 11.3%. Technical efficiency would be more important than scale efficiency, therefore adjustment of over-invested budget and labor needed to be made together with increase of rental charge to improve the operation. Among the ATDECs providing the rental service, 6 (7.3%), 43 (52.4%), and 33 (40.2%) were in state of CRS (constant return to scale), IRS (increasing return to scale), and DRS (decreasing return to scale), respectively. These indicated public aspects of the rental system, over-investment, lack of output component for input component, meaning that scale income would be increased by qualitative expand of rental charge. Efficiency analysis of the rental system by region showed that efficient ATDECs to be benchmarked by others were in the order of DMU-70, DMU-54, DMU-29, DMU-5, DMU-22, DMU-2, and DMU-61. More comprehensive and extensive survey and analyses would be necessary in the future.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2014

체중 2.7 kg의 5세령 암컷 말티즈 견이 양측 슬개골 탈구와 후지 파행으로 지역동물병원에 내원하였다. 도르레절제술과 슬개골의 외측 보강 봉합법을 이용하여 슬개골 탈구 정복술을 실시하였으나, 수술 3주 후 등을 굽힌 자세의 보행과 후지의 운동실조, 흉요추부의 압통, 간헐적인 경련증상으로 재 내원하였다. 자기공명영상 촬영 결과, 우측 전두엽의 종괴와 경수에서부터 3번 요수까지의 공동성 변화가 확인되었다. 병리조직학적 소견으로 뇌종양은 느슨한 망상구조 또는 레이스 모양의 수막세포들로 구성되었으며, 세포 외부에 다양한 크기와 형태의 많은 낭포성 공간이 관찰되었다. 면역조직화학염색 결과 종양세포들은 vimentin 양성, 신경원 특이 에놀라제 및 신경교 섬유질 산성 단백질에는 음성을 나타내었다. 경수와 흉수 부위에는 부정형의 확장된 중심관 유사 동공이 관찰되었다. 이 증례는 개에서 특이적인 두개강 내 소낭성 뇌수막종과 연관되어 2차적으로 발생한 척수공동증의 임상소견과 영상학적 및 병리조직학적 특징을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.238-248
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• 2014

The metalloid arsenic (Z = 33) is considered to be a significant potential threat to human health due to its ubiquity and toxicity, even in rural regions. In this study a rural region contaminated with arsenic, located at longitude $85^{\circ}$ 32'E and latitude $25^{\circ}$ 11'N, was initially examined. Arsenic tolerant bacteria from the rhizosphere of Amaranthas viridis were found and identified as Bacillus licheniformis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential for the uptake and removal of arsenic at 3, 6 and 9 mM [As(V)], and 2, 4 and 6 mM [As(III)], and for the reduction of the above concentrations of As(V) to As(III) by the Bacillus licheniformis were then assessed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for As(V) and As(III) was determined to be 10 and 7 mM, respectively. At 3 mM 100% As(V) was uptaken by the bacteria with the liberation of 42% As(III) into the medium, whereas at 6 mM As(V), 76% AS(V) was removed from the media and 56% was reduced to As(III). At 2 mM As(III), the bacteria consumed 100%, whereas at 6 mM, the As(III) consumption was only 40%. The role of pH was significant for the speciation, availability and toxicity of the arsenic, which was measured as the variation in growth, uptake and content of cell protein. Both As(V) and As(III) were most toxic at around a neutral pH, whereas both acidic and basic pH favored growth, but at variable levels. Contrary to many reports, the total cell protein content in the bacteria was enhanced by both As(V) and As(III) stress.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the level of masseter muscle tension according to the levels of restricted movement and pain in the temporomandibular joint(TMJ), thereby verifying the fact that excessive masseter muscle tension can be a cause for restricted movement and pain in the TMJ. The subjects of this study were 81 men and women in their 20s and 30s, who feel uncomfortable with their masticatory function on the preferred chewing side. The subjects were measured in terms of the range of motion (ROM) and deviation of the TMJ and the degree of pain in the affected region. The ROM and deviation of the TMJ were measured using the Global Posture System(GPS) after instructing each subject to open his/her mouth to the fullest and taking photos of the subject with a digital camera. The tension of the masseter muscle was measured with a Pressure Threshold Meter(PTM). After the measurements, in order to compare the ROM of the TMJ, the subjects were divided into two groups based on the ROM of above 35mm and below 35mm. For the deviation and pain, based on the average of total subjects, the subjects were divided into two groups of above and below average. Thereafter, the levels of masseter muscle tension were compared between each pair of groups. According to the results, when each variable was compared between the respective two groups, in terms of the deviation, the pressure pain threshold(PPT) of the masseter muscle revealed a statistically significant difference(p<.05). However, the ROM and pain showed no statistically significant difference. Consequently, masseter muscle tension may cause restricted movement in the TMJ. In particular, the deviation and tension in the masseter muscle is considered to be a factor that causes deviation in the TMJ.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.635-645
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• 2017

본 연구는 남자 청소년의 섭식문제와 우울, 부모 공감의 관계를 알아보고 청소년의 섭식문제와 우울의 관계에서 부모 공감의 조절효과를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 K지역 소재 중, 고등학교 남학생 246명에 대해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 섭식문제와 우울간의 관계는 부모 공감에 의해 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 부모 공감의 하위요인들의 조절효과를 분석한 결과 아버지의 경우 정서 지각, 냉담정서반응, 과민정서반응이 조절효과를 보였고, 어머니의 경우 정서지각, 관점수용, 냉담정서반응, 과민정서반응이 섭식문제와 우울 간의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 청소년이 지각하는 부모의 공감이 우울과 섭식문제의 관계에서 부정적 영향을 완화시킬 수 있는 조절변인임을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.572-584
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of recognition, practice and information acquisition behaviors regarding food additives of university students for development of educational programs. The data were collected from 283 students in the Yeungnam region through a self-administered questionnaire. The level of concern about food additives was intermediate. The level of checking labels for food additives when buying processed foods was not high. The main reason for not checking labels for food additives was "Buying the special brand products repeatedly". In the factor analysis for perception of food additives, three factors were categorized; effect of food additives on human health, administration and regulation of food additives, and necessity of food additives. According to regression analyses, grade, concern about food additives and perception of amount of food additives had significant effects on human health. The significant variables for administration and regulation of food additives were gender, grade, major, monthly allowance and concern about food additives. In addition, major was a significant variable for the necessity of food additives. Many respondents did not reduce intake of food additives; males did less than females. Most respondents answered they did not acquire sufficient information about food additives. Regarding needs for information content on food additives, respondents wanted information about safety of food additives the most, followed by items of labels for food additives, and ways to reduce intake of food additives.