• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.923-936
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• 2012

Apparel companies define their target customers to integrate consumers' needs into their product development processes. The sizing standards play a significant role in ready-to-wear garment business. Consumers' body build and sizes are different according to gender, age, and body type. The consumers' morphological feature of the one geographical area has changed with immigration, aging, and lifestyle change. In this study the way of defining body types in the standard garment sizing systems published in USA., UK, Germany, Japan, and Korea were compared. The results of this study show that most of the systems classified the body types by the index value. The chest-waist drop value was used for men's body type classification. Women's body types were defined by hip proportion. The hip-bust drop value was used for it. German and European garment sizing systems provide a wide range of men's body types. US men's garment sizes are developed for very conservative body type. US women's garment sizing system has had clearly defined women's body types. The Misses body types projected in the US garment sizing system had changed as women's waist girth got bigger compared to the past. In 2011 the US Misses sizes were divided into Curvy Misses size and Straight Misses size by the hip-waist drop value. The Curvy Misses sizes have smaller waist girth and larger hip girth than the Straight Misses sizes.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2013

Generalized Pareto distributions play an important role in re-liability, extreme value theory, and other branches of applied probability and statistics. This family of distribution includes exponential distribution, Pareto distribution, and Power distribution. In this paper we establish some recurrences relations satisfied by the quotient moments of the upper record values from the generalized Pareto distribution. Further a char-acterization of this distribution based on recurrence relations of quotient moments of record values is presented.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 1986

This paper presents an adaptive algorithm to generate a near-optimal closed-loop solution for a non-zero sum differential game by periodically updating the solutions of the two-point boundary-value problem. Applications to competitive advertising problem show that the adaptive algorithm can be used as an efficient tool to solve the differential game problem in which one player may take advantage of the other's non-optimal play.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.347-361
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• 2014

Generalized Pareto distribution play an important role in reliability, extreme value theory, and other branches of applied probability and statistics. This family of distribution includes exponential distribution, Pareto or Lomax distribution. In this paper, we established exact expressions and recurrence relations satised by the quotient moments of generalized order statistics for a generalized Pareto distribution. Further the results for quotient moments of order statistics and records are deduced from the relations obtained and a theorem for characterizing this distribution is presented.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.32-43
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• 2024

Game agents which are behavioral agent for game playing are a crucial component of game satisfaction. However it takes a lot of time and effort to create game agents for various game levels, environments, and players. In addition, when the game environment changes such as adding contents or updating characters, new game agents need to be developed and the development difficulty gradually increases. And it is important to have a game agent that can be customized for different levels of players. This is because a game agent that can play games of various levels is more useful and can increase the satisfaction of more players than a high-level game agent. In this paper, we propose a method for learning and controlling the level of play of game agents that can be rapidly developed and fine-tuned for various game environments and changes. At this time, reinforcement learning applies a policy-based distributed reinforcement learning method IMPALA for flexible processing and fast learning of various behavioral structures. Once reinforcement learning is complete, we choose actions by sampling based on Softmax-Temperature method. From this result, we show that the game agent's play level decreases as the Temperature value increases. This shows that it is possible to easily control the play level.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of basic value satisfaction on service quality evaluation and customer loyalty and the moderating effect of Bargain-proneness in this process. Specifically, I analyzed the influence of basic value satisfaction, the mediating effect of service quality evaluation, and the moderated mediation effect of Bargain-proneness. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection for this study was conducted for adults over 18 years of age with shopping experiences in traditional market within a month around the traditional market in the metropolitan area. A total of 250 questionnaire response data was obtained. Hypotheses were tested using SPSS. The PROCESS macro method was used to verify the mediating effect of the service quality evaluation on the relationship between basic value satisfaction and customer loyalty. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the moderated mediation effect of the bargain-proneness tendency. Results - Empirical results showed that the basic value satisfaction affected service quality evaluation and customer loyalty. Specifically, it has been found that it directly affects customer loyalty and indirectly influences through service quality evaluation. The moderated mediation effect of the bargain-proneness tendency in the process of basic value satisfaction affecting customer loyalty through service quality evaluation has been verified. In other words, the higher the bargain-proneness tendency, the more influence the basic value satisfaction has on the favorable service quality evaluation. Conclusions - This study contributed to the distribution literature in that it attempted a new empirical study considering the variable 'bargain-proneness tendency', which had not received much academic attention in the past. Furthermore, this study contributed academically in that it presented important moderating variables that should be paid attention in the field of distribution studies. In this study, bargain-proneness was used with a focus on traditional markets, but this variable could play an significant role in future offline distribution studies that should pay attention to meet hedonic needs of shopping. These results suggested that traditional market practitioners should focus on the basic value and that the bargain-prone consumer segment should be considered as a target.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.209-234
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to verify effects between the place attachment and the place value in public libraries; and also to identify whether frequency and purpose of usage, length of residence, and website use play a moderating role in the influential relationship between users' place attachment and the perception of place value for public libraries. Users' place dependence affected the library's value positively(+) due to moderating effect of usage frequency of the library and the users' length of residence. In order to estimate the moderating effect by purpose of use, the groups were divided by purpose of library use and the relationship between place attachment and place value by groups were analyzed. However, website usage bore no effect on users' place attachment or perception of place value to their local library. This study showed that place attachment as an affective indicator on users is very useful variable to explain the value of libraries as a social and cultural place.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to classify and extend the consumer value of movie theaters into various values such as functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and conditional value based on the theory of consumption value by Sheth, Newman and Gross (1991). It also aims to verify the path structure of consumption value→customer satisfaction→behavior intention of movie theaters to confirm its generalization. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted by collecting data on Kimpo university students from various areas in Incheon, Northern Seoul, Ilsan, Kyonggi Province, and Kimpo City. The survey was conducted by distributing 280 survey papers from Oct. 5 to 15, 2013 and collecting 238 of them. The final analysis used 208 questionnaires, after excluding 30 invalid responses. The statistical analysis of this study used the SPSS 19.0 statistics package. Results - The results of the survey are as follows: First, consumption values of movie theaters are classified into the following five groups: functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and conditional value. This study verified that consumption values play a role as a previous variable of customer satisfaction. Second, functional value, emotional value, and epistemic value have positive effects on customer satisfaction. On the other hand, social value and conditional value do not affect customer satisfaction. Finally, customer satisfaction has a positive impact on behavior intention. Theater users have an intention to re-use or recommend the movie theater they used when they are satisfied with a movie theater's physical environment and services. Conclusions - This study can provide academic and practical implications as follows based on the results mentioned above. First, academic implications can be found in that consumption values of movie theater users are classified into five values based on the theory of consumption value by Sheth et al. (1991). In the previous study, the service quality of a movie theater was studied based on the service quality of service encounters and a physical environment→customer satisfaction→behavior intention path structure. However, this study was verified by a consumption value→customer satisfaction→behavior intention path structure to classify consumption value, but not service quality or perceived value of quality, to confirm this generalization. Second, practical implications can be found in that the relative impact of consumption value of movie theaters on consumer satisfaction showed that functional value was followed by epistemic value and emotional value. In the previous study on movie theaters, previous variables of customer satisfaction were separated only by functional service quality including service encounters and physical environment; in some other studies, quality of service encounter had a direct effect on customer satisfaction. Accordingly, a marketing manager of a movie theater should develop various differentiated services by reflecting not only functional value such as service encounters and physical environment but also epistemic value and emotional value.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.391-402
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to identify the relationships between service quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty for IhoTewoo festival through a structural equation model. This study was conducted by means of survey questionnaire of festival visitors with 348 responses. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the exploratory factor analysis with principal component method of the 19 service quality items identified four underlying domains. These dimensions were labelled: (1) 'program', (2) 'informational service', (3) 'festival area', and (4) 'food'. Second, service quality has a significantly positive effect on perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty. Third, Perceived value has a significantly positive effect on satisfaction. Fourth, both perceived value and satisfaction have significantly positive effects on loyalty. Fifth, Although the direct effect of service quality on customer loyalty was evident, it was also found that the indirect effects of service quality through perceived value and/or overall satisfaction were stronger. Thus, customer loyalty will be stronger when service quality is matched with perceived value and/or overall satisfaction, meaning that multiple factors play a significant role in determining customer loyalty.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 1999

Private brands play an important role in formulating the marketing strategies of fashion goods. Merchandisers of Korean department stores are now realizing that the effective marketing of private brands can increase customers store loyalty as well as store profitability. Thus, it is important to better understand customer's decision making processes underlying the purchase of private brand apparels. However, Little research had been undertaken to examine integrated factors influencing purchases of private brand apparel. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a model of purchasing intentions of private brand apparel. This study pays attention to (1) perceived value, (2) familarity, (3) store image, (4) differenciated needs, (5) perceived risk, and (6) perceived quality variation of private brand. The proposed model supports all hypotheses presented in the paper. Purchase intentions of private brand increased as perceived money, familiarity, positive store image of private brands, and satisfaction of individuals differentiated needs increase. Furthermore, perceive value of private brand increased as perceived risk and quality variation of private brand increased.