• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2015.03a
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• pp.324-329
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• 2015

First-principles investigations on the hybrid one dementional hexagonal hybrboron-nitride nano ribbons (BNNRs) with a armchair graphene nano-ribbons(AGRNRs), are presented. Electronics properties of the mixed armchair BNC nano-ribbon (BNCNRs) structure show control of a band gap on all cases at the special K-point. And we have studied, the band gap is direct in all cases. The band gap of mixed ABNCNRs could be divided into three groups (${\Delta}3p$, ${\Delta}3p+1$ and ${\Delta}3p+2$) and decrease with the increase of the width. Also these results show similar to the AGNRs case. Different from the band gap value ordering of AGNRs (${\Delta}3p+1$ > ${\Delta}3p$ > ${\Delta}3p+2$), the ordering of ABNCNRs is ${\Delta}3p$ > ${\Delta}3p+1$ > ${\Delta}3p+2$. The discrepancy may come from the differences between the edges of AGRNRs and the boundaries of hybrid BNCNRs. In addition, the bandgap of ABNCNRs are much smaller than those of the corresponding AGNRs. Our results show that the origin of band gap for BNCNRs with armchair shaped edges arises from both quantum confinement effect of the edges. These results similar to thecase of AGNRs. These properties of hybrid BN/C nano-ribbon structure may offer suitable bandgap to develop nnanoscale electronics and solar cell beyond individual GNRs and BNNRs.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

The basic element of the EMS suspension is the electromagnet system, which suspends the vehicle without contact by attracting forces to the rails at the guideway. The suspension of a vehicle by attractive magnetic forces is inherently unstable and consequently it is continuously adjusted by the strength of the suspending electromagnet from rail irregularity and bending of the guideway. In order to improve reliable tracking, it needs to get feedback signals without measurement delay time. In this paper the concept of feedback control system with Kalman Filter in EMS is proposed. The input signals in the feedback control system are an air-gap and an acceleration signal. The air-gap signal with noise from the gap sensor is transformed to the filtered air-gap signal y without measurement delay time by using Kalman Filter. The filtered air-gap signal is transformed to a relative velocity and a relative acceleration signal. Then it multiplies these values by gain matrix in order to get the actuator's reference voltage value. The simulation results show that the dynamic responses of the suspension system can be improved by reducing the influence of measurement delay time of air-gap signals.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1191_1192
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• 2009

The objective of levitation control design is to stabilize a levitation system, or obtain certain transient response, bandwidth, and steady state error. An air gap signal from the each corner is important parameter to design levitation controller. A levitation controller using gap signals with measurement delay time can not make a expected performance. In this paper, a new air gap estimator to improve the performance of levitation controller is proposed. The estimated gap signal which has little measurement delay time is used as a feedback value in the levitation controller.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.891-899
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• 1996

A model for predicting the characteristics of elastic ferromagnetic materials having a moving gap was presented. Based on the model parameters concerning behavior of material, such as the instantaneous field intensity, attractive force between the poles, length of gap, and the induced current/ emf in the circuit can be determined from the numerical integrations of the governing equations derived. From the results of the model it is found that when dc emf is imposed on the circuit the current sharply rise and fall for very short duration then stabilize at extremely low level which depends mainly on elasticity, permeabilities and ratio of resistivity. Subsequently output emf is shown stabilized at constant value which depends on the previous parameters as well as the resistivity ratio of primary to secondary circuit after sufficient progress of time.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.371-386
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• 2015

There has been little consensus on how to define and use the Korean mathematical terms, bi-ui-gap and bi-yul. This study compares four perspectives of bi-ui-gap and bi-yul proposed and discussed in Korean mathematics education community and examines the ways of using the terms adopted since the 6th national curriculum. Based on the analysis that previously proposed perspectives conflict each other, this study proposes as a way to synthesize different perspectives of bi-ui-gap and bi-yul by analyzing the terms in the internal and external ratio contexts. This study proposes that bi-ui-gap be used to represent 'a value of $A{\div}B$' rather than 'a value originated from a ratio A:B' or 'a fraction form ${\frac{B}{A}}$.' This study also proposes that bi-yul or bae-yul be used in the internal ratio context and a new term, such as dan-wi-yul, be created for the external ratio context.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

In order to estimate delivered nutrients load from non-point sources in the Gap stream watershed in Daejeon, a distributed watershed model SWAT2000 was used so that it could predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watersheds with varing soils, land uses and management condition over long period of time. The SWAT2000 was applied to the Daejeon (Indong), Yudeung (Boksu) and Gap (Hoeduck) streams for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) of nutrients. The observed water quality and streamflow data of the year of 2002 and 2003 were used for calibration, and those of the year 2004 and 2005 were used for validation. Simulated results were evaluated by Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis $(R^2)$ and Relative Error (R.E.) for the nutrients amounts on the monthly and yearly basis by comparing observed load with estimated load obtained by using SWAT2000 simulations. The COE value fur T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.78, $R^2$ values for T-N ranged from 0.65 to 0.84, and R.E values fur T-N load ranged from 4% to 20%. COE value far T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.73, $R^2$ values for T-P ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and R.E values for T-P load ranged from 3% to 25%. Estimated results of SWAT2000 simulation for 3 sites (Indong, Boksu, Hoedeok) were reasonably satisfactory. This study indicated that SWAT2000 model could be applicable to estimate the nutrients load from the Gap stream watershed in Korea.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.269-274
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• 2017

Currently, fuel efficiency becomes one of critical issues for automotive industries as concerns about environmental and energy problems grow. In an automatic transmission of an automobile, a drag torque due to a viscous drag of a fluid between friction and clutch plates is one of factors that degrade fuel economy. In this work, the drag torque characteristics of a wet clutch was experimentally investigated with respect to rotational speed, temperature of automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and gap between friction and clutch plates. The experimental results showed that drag torque increases to a certain level, and then decrease to the steady state value with increasing rotational speed. This behavior may be associated with two-phase flow of air and ATF at gap between friction and clutch plates. Also, it was found that the maximum drag torque value decreased as ATF viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, it was shown that the point at which the maximum drag torque occurs was not significantly affected by the ATF temperature. In addition, maximum drag torque was found to decrease as the gap between friction and clutch plates increased from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Furthermore, it was observed that the generation of maximum drag torque was delayed as the gap increased. The outcomes of this work are expected to be helpful to gain a better understanding of drag torque characteristic of a wet clutch, and may therefore be useful in the design of wet clutch systems with improved performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2014

Industrial, medical, environment and agriculture application of pulse power technology have been developing rapidly in many field. In order to make use in the form of pulses is applied to the pulse forming technique. At this time, spark gap is generally used for the pulse forming. Spark gap may be possible to simulate the shape of the electrode, to know the uniform or non-uniform electric field of the electrode structure. Further, it can be determined using Paschen's law applied pressure of the insulating gas in accordance with the voltage which is created using the value of the electric field. In this paper, we tried to found using a formula and the simulation process to determine the pressure. The value of the electric field is different according to the shape of the electrode. So, the range of pressure applied also varies. In order to withstand the 100 kV with a gap of 5 mm, the nitrogen gas must be applied to about 7 bar in the electrode structure. On the other hand, in the same conditions, Sulfur hexafluoride gas must be applied to about 2 bar. Consequently, the Sulfur hexafluoride gas has a higher insulation properties than nitrogen gas may be applied to low pressure at the same conditions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2015

An experiment of composite beam was performed which utilized glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) plank as the permanent formwork with cast-in-place high strength concrete. This research analyzed the flexural failure behavior of composite beam by setting the sand coated at GFRP bottom surface, the perforation and interval of the GFRP plank web, and the width of the top flange as the experimental variables. As a result of the experiments for effectiveness of sand attachment in case of not perforated web, approximately 43% higher ultimate load value was obtained when the sand was coated than not coated case. For effectiveness of perforation and interval of gap, approximately 23% higher maximum load value was seen when interval of the perforation gap was 3 times and the fine aggregate was not coated, and approximately 11% higher value was observed when the perforation gap was 5 times on the coated specimen. For effectiveness of top flange breadth, the ultimate load value was approximately 12% higher in case of 20mm than 40mm width.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.203-213
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• 2017

Magnetically suspended control & sensitive gyroscope (MSCSG) is a novel type of gyroscope with the integration of attitude control and attitude angular measurement. To improve the precision and reduce the power consumption of Lorentz Force-type Magnetic Bearing (LFMB), the air gap flux density distribution of LFMB has been studied. The uniformity of air gap flux density is defined to qualify the uniform degree of the air gap flux density distribution. Considering the consumption, the average value of flux density is defined as well. Some optimal designs and analyses of LFMB are carried out by finite element simulation. The strength of the permanent magnet is taken into consideration during the machining process. To verify the design and simulation, a high-precision instrument is employed to measure the 3-dimensional magnetic flux density of LFMB. After measurement and calculation, the uniform degree of magnetic flux density distribution reaches 0.978 and the average value of the flux density is 0.482T. Experimental results show that the optimal design is effective and some useful advice can be obtained for further research.