• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2023

This study was investigate the relationship between vaccination and clinical practice during the COVID-19 period, when clinical practice education for public health students is shifting to a non-face-to-face direction. Students' clinical practice experience after graduation is an important part of their professional careers. The result that students who wanted to work in health care had a higher level of face-to-face clinical practice than students who did not (OR: 3.421, 95%CI: 1.333-8.775). Face to face clinical practice was higher among vaccination students (OR: 2.522, 95%CI: 1.017-6.254). In the non-face-to-face clinical practice conducted at the COVID-19 of environment students were found to be low in satisfaction with the overall clinical practice due to concerns about contracting infectious diseases. Additionally, I felt anxious about working in the field after getting a job. Accordingly, we will be able to enhance the professional role of students by actively supporting vaccinations that can relieve anxiety about infectious diseases and conducting face-to-face clinical practice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2024

Malaria is a global disease affecting a large portion of the world's population. Although vaccines have recently become available, their efficacies are suboptimal. We generated virus-like particles (VLPs) that expressed either apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) or microneme-associated antigen (MIC) of Plasmodium berghei and compared their efficacy in BALB/c mice. We found that immune sera acquired from AMA1 VLP- or MIC VLP-immunized mice specifically interacted with the antigen of choice and the whole P. berghei lysate antigen, indicating that the antibodies were highly parasite-specific. Both VLP vaccines significantly enhanced germinal center B cell frequencies in the inguinal lymph nodes of mice compared with the control, but only the mice that received MIC VLPs showed significantly enhanced CD4⁺ T cell responses in the blood following P. berghei challenge infection. AMA1 and MIC VLPs significantly suppressed TNF-α and interleukin-10 production but had a negligible effect on interferon-γ. Both VLPs prevented excessive parasitemia buildup in immunized mice, although parasite burden reduction induced by MIC VLPs was slightly more effective than that induced by AMA1. Both VLPs were equally effective at preventing body weight loss. Our findings demonstrated that the MIC VLP was an effective inducer of protection against murine experimental malaria and should be the focus of further development.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.238-248
• /
• 2024

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has accelerated market growth by promoting opportunities and advancements in drug development and vaccine manufacturing. Despite the rapid expansion of the global bio market, South Korea's bio market holds a relatively small share. To address this, the government is implementing various strategies, including the establishment of bio clusters, to foster innovation and growth in the bio industry. This study focuses on Korea's HongNeung bio cluster and conducts a comparative analysis with the Boston Bio Cluster in the United States and the Biopolis in Singapore. By examining the development history, structure, and success factors of these clusters through three categories-infrastructure, internal components, and policies and systems-commonalities and differences among the clusters are analyzed. Subsequently, development strategies for the HongNeung bio cluster are proposed. For the HongNeung bio cluster to grow into a leading bio cluster, strong government support, expansion of innovative infrastructure, talent acquisition, and the implementation of customized policies such as strategic partnerships are necessary. Additionally, the establishment of active collaboration and exchange systems with overseas bio clusters is required.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 1999

Purpose : The aim of this study is to determine the age-specific seropositivity and the level of measles specific IgG in adults and to evaluate herd immunity to measles in Korea, the measles specific IgG were measured from the sera of adults over ages of 20 in Korea. Methods : 156 sera were collected from 156 out-patients over ages 20, who had visited clinical laboratory from June to July in 1997 at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The histories of natural measles or vaccination were not undertaken. Measles specific IgG titers were measured using ELISA method($SIA^{TM}$ Measles IgG Kit Co. St. Louis. Mo). Results : The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1) The seropositivity of measles specific IgG in adults was 94.9%. And there were no significant differences in their age and gender. 2) The mean measles-specific IgG titer was $238{\pm}84AU/mL$. And there were no significant differences in age and gender, except significant lower in 4th decades than other age groups. And there were no significant correlations between age and measles specific IgG level. Conclusion : In conclusion, a seropositivity of in adults was 94.9% which was higher than that of adolescents(91.2% in previous study), and antibody level was similar with adolescents. The herd immunity of the adults were considered to enough for protecting the transmission of measles in the community. For the eradication of measles in Korea, more efforts will be required to increase the vaccine coverage rate in children and adolescents.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment or/and pacifier for analgesia in healthy newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed in 132 healthy newborns. They were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups: control group (2 mL distilled water), dextrose group (2 mL 25% dextrose), pacifier group, dextrose+pacifier group (pacifier coating with 25% dextrose) during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. For all groups, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores were evaluated before the injection, during the injection, and at 2 minutes after the injection. Pain scores were compared among the 4 groups. Results: Maternal and neonatal characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. 25% dextrose treatment led to lower NIPS pain scores during injection (6.4${\pm}$0.9 vs. 5.5${\pm}$1.7, P=0.01) and after injection (1.6${\pm}$2.0 vs. 0.6${\pm}$0.9, P=0.01) and NFCS pain scores after injection (1.5${\pm}$2.3 vs. 0.7${\pm}$0.8, P=0.04) than control group. The number of neonates who feel the pain (indication of scores: NIPS${\geq}$4, NFCS${\geq}$3) decreased (9 (23.1%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7 (17.9%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). However, all treatment groups did not decreased PIPP scores, compared with the control group. Conclusion: Oral 25% dextrose is effective than distilled water or using pacifier with or without 25% dextrose in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccinations. Further study based on this preliminary study need about nonpharmacologic management of pain in newborns.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2001

Purpose : Recently in Korea since 1998, 2TU has been used instead of 5TU, which caused a confusion in interpreting tuberculin skin tests. We compared the tuberculin skin reaction to PPD(purified protein derivatives) 1TU, 2TU and 5TU. Methods : We studied tuberculin skin reaction to PPD 1TU, 2TU and 5TU on 92 infants who were vaccinated with percutaneous multiple puncture BCG vaccine(Tokyo 172 strain, Japan BCG Laboratory Co.) in neonatal period. Diameters of indurations were measured in millimeters 48~72 hours after the intradermal injection of PPD 1TU, 2TU and 5TU. Results : Among 92 infants(male : 56, female : 36), 1TU was used on 31 infants, 2TU on 31 infants and 5TU on 30 infants for tuberculin skin test. The mean diameter of induration for PPD 1TU, 2TU and 5TU were $5.7{\pm}4.2mm$, $7.1{\pm}3.7mm$, and $9.2{\pm}4.2mm$, respectively. There was no statistical difference in mean diameter of induration between 1TU and 2TU. However, when tested with 5TU, the diameter of induration was significantly larger than those of PPD 1TU and 2TU(P<0.05). Six subjects(19.4%) tested with 1TU, 9 subjects(29%) tested with 2TU and 16 subjects(53.3%) tested with 5TU had diameter of 10 mm or more. There was no statistical difference between 1TU and 2TU but for 5TU, number of subjects with diameter of 10 mm or more was significantly higher than PPD 1TU and 2TU(P<0.05). Number of subjects with induration diameter of 5 mm or more for 1TU, 2TU and 5TU was 19(61.3%), 22(71.0%) and 26(86.7%), respectively. However, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion : A new standard criteria for interpreting the tuberculin skin test with PPD 2TU should be established for clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 1987

The result of various researches mainly in search of 194 Shigella strains, isolated by the Health Research Centers(situated in Seoul city, Inchon city, Pusan city, Kyonggi-Do, Kangwon-Do, Chungchongnam and Buk-Do, Kyongsangnam and Buk-Do, Jollanam and Buk-Do, and Jaeju-Do) in addition to those clinical laboratories of all the general hospitals situated down twon Seoul, conducted during the month of Jan. through Dec. 85, through the reisolating-activity program following its transportation into the laboratory, particularly for a complete check on its correctiveness, are as follows: 1. Isolation processes were performed with the 194 strains obtained from each placeduring the period of investigation: 164 Strains(84.5%) of Sh. flexneri, B group; 6 Strains(3.1%) of Sh. boydii, C group; 24 Strains(12.3%) of Sh. sonnei, D group, which means there's quite a lot in B group while Sh. dysenteriae, A group was not isolated at all. 2. The isolation rate of the 164, B group for subserotype was 1b, 84(51.2%) the highest one, 2(1.2%) on 3a the lowest one, 4, on C group; In D group subserotype II showed 14(58.4%) more than subserotype I. 3. The biological data on sexuality regarding the isolation-strain showed traditional particularity. But the subserotype 1b in B group 2(2.4%) showed gas-growth from glucose. In subserotype 1a, the indole-growth was 88.9% on masculine which was considerably a good one. In the test of arginine dihydrolase subserotype I among D group showed 100% masculine rate. The subserotype 6 among B group showed 92.5% masculine. In the dissolution test of manitol, all subserotypes showed 100% maculine except subserotype 1b. In the dissolutioning test of rhamnose, the subserotype I among D group showed 100% masculine which is the unusual one. 4. Interms of the area among 13 districts examined, Kangwon-Do had 41(21.1%) which is the highest one on its ratio. 5. In terms of season on the strain isolation category, 44(22.7%) is the number isolated in April which is the highest one. 6. In terms of ages, the strain isolation ratio was notably high above the ages of 60 which was 34(17.5%). Next one was 29(14.9%) which was under the ages of 4. 7. In terms of sex, female was 113 or 58.2% while male was 74 or 38.2%, which means the female had more than the male. 8. The result of the resisting capability on the usage of 12 antibiotic medication was; 100% on chloramphenicol; 94.3% on tetracycline, 82.0% on streptomycin, 76.3% on carbenicillin, 74.7% on ampicillin, in regular order. The strain source bearing multimedication resisivity against the 5 antibiotic medication is as many as 117 or 60.3%. Of which 43.3% of 1b sub serotype, B group was the best one, and thus the resistivity against the antistrain medication seems the tendency is being changed. The summing up of the above result shows the total specific strains isolated in each branch in Korea is 194, of which the main type is Sh. flexneri 84.5%. The isolating rate is almost evenly spreading, although the Kangwon-Do showed the highest rate on the above data. It also shows female is higher than male on its statistics. The tendency on age category showed both on old and infancy generations high. However, the resistant capability against antibacteria medication or vaccine was still remaining on habitual one, particularly tending towards multimedication or vaccine trend.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of lymphadenitis after BCG vaccination and the effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. Methods : A total of 32 otherwise healthy infants with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis, who visited the Department of Pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital, from March 2002 through June 2004, were enrolled in this study. They were treated with needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation. We investigated the time the lymphadenitis took to be suppurative, accompanying clinical manifestations, and the treatment effects. Results : Of the 32 infants, 19 were male and 13 were female. They were full term babies and one preterm baby with a gestational age of 30 weeks. They received intradermal administration, with the BCG vaccine of $Pasteur^{(R)}$(French) strain mostly on the left deltoid area(96.9 percent). Regional lymphadenitis occurred in 1 to 11 months after BCG vaccination, mostly 1-5 months after vaccination (78.1 percent). Among the infants, 87.5 percent had unilocular lesion but 12.5 percent had more than one enlarged lymph node cares. Most of the lymphadenitis presented in the left axillary area(77.8 percent), and the left supuraclavicular area(11.1 percent). After one to three times of needle aspiration with rifampin instillation, all infants recovered completely without surgical excision or severe complication. Conclusion : The regional lymphadenitis is the most common complication in infants who receive intradermal BCG vaccination. This study supports that in suppurative BCG lymphadenitis the needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation is very effective and can be a more economical treatment modality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2006

Purpose : Intradermal BCG vaccine has not well been accepted by pediatric practitioners due to BCG lymphadenitis. Therefore, this study was undertaken to find out the incidence of lymphadenitis following intradermal BCG vaccination and its clinical outcome. Methods : One thousand and fifty infants, who received intradermal BCG(French 1173 P2, Korea Tuberculosis Association) vaccination in the Well Baby Clinic of Hanyang University Hospital from July 2001 to January 2004, were included in the study. Severe local reactions at the injection site and any mass noted on surrounding areas were reported to, and evaluated by, pediatricians. Surgical procedures, either surgical resection or needle aspiration, were recommended when lymph nodes progressed to suppurate without regression. Results : Twenty infants(1.9 percent) developed lymphadenitis 2 to 8 months following vaccination. The incidence of BCG lymphadenitis was significantly higher in infants born with intrauterine period of <38 weeks and birth weight of <2,700 g. The lymph nodes became suppurative in 7/17 infants (41.2 percent) and four infants required surgical procedures with which the rate for the requirement of surgical procedures among intradermal BCG vaccinnes approximated to be 0.45 percent. There was no correlation between the size of lymph nodes and suppuration, however surgical procedures were required significantly more often for lymph nodes of greater than 3 cm in diameter. Conclusion : The incidence of BCG lymphadenitis following intradermal BCG(French 1173 P2, Korea Tuberculosis Association) vaccinations would be more than 1.9 percent, when considering cases of lymphadenits not reported. More efforts need to be paid to decrease the incidence of BCG lymphadenitis in order to promote intradermal BCG vaccination in Korea.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.266-270
• /
• 2005

The effect of the weight ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source on the growth and the composition change of fatty acids of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 was investigated. The cell concentration of 5 days' culture increased and then decreased according to the increase of C/N, The ratioes for the maximum biomass were unique respectively and distributed between 1 and 4 with the initial sugar concentration in the range of 5 g/L to 25 g/L. The biomass yield, $Y_{x/s}$ decreased along with the increase of C/N, but maintained a constant value 0.35 between 10 and 20. The composition of myristic acid $(C_{14:0})$, one component of the lipid synthesized by T. aureum, was not affected with the change of C/N, but the composition of palmitic acid $(C_{16:0})$ was around $20\%$ below 4 of C/N and decreased to $15\%$ according to C/N about 4. The compositions of oleic acid $(C_{18:1})$ and linoleic acid $(C_{18:2})$ increased from 0 to $20\%\;and\;7\%$ respectively. The composition of $\gamma-linoleic$ acid $(C_{18:3})$, however, reduced from $5\%\;to\;2\%$. EPA $(C_{20:5})$ and DPA $(C_{22:5})$ showed a tendency of reduction in the weight composition according to the increase of C/N, but DHA $(C_{22:6})$ had a trend maintaining an approximately constant value, around $40\%$, irrespective of the change of C/N.