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http://dx.doi.org/10.5385/jksn.2011.18.2.353

Nonpharmacologic Pain Relief with Oral 25% Dextrose or/and Pacifier for Newborn Infants  

Kim, Min-Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul Asan Medical Center)
Kim, In-Ah (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center)
Jung, Min-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center)
Han, Myung-Ki (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center)
Park, Kie-Young (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center)
Kim, Bong-Seong (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center)
Jin, Hyun-Seong (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Gangneung Asan Medical Center)
Publication Information
Neonatal Medicine / v.18, no.2, 2011 , pp. 353-358 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment or/and pacifier for analgesia in healthy newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed in 132 healthy newborns. They were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups: control group (2 mL distilled water), dextrose group (2 mL 25% dextrose), pacifier group, dextrose+pacifier group (pacifier coating with 25% dextrose) during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. For all groups, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores were evaluated before the injection, during the injection, and at 2 minutes after the injection. Pain scores were compared among the 4 groups. Results: Maternal and neonatal characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. 25% dextrose treatment led to lower NIPS pain scores during injection (6.4${\pm}$0.9 vs. 5.5${\pm}$1.7, P=0.01) and after injection (1.6${\pm}$2.0 vs. 0.6${\pm}$0.9, P=0.01) and NFCS pain scores after injection (1.5${\pm}$2.3 vs. 0.7${\pm}$0.8, P=0.04) than control group. The number of neonates who feel the pain (indication of scores: NIPS${\geq}$4, NFCS${\geq}$3) decreased (9 (23.1%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7 (17.9%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). However, all treatment groups did not decreased PIPP scores, compared with the control group. Conclusion: Oral 25% dextrose is effective than distilled water or using pacifier with or without 25% dextrose in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccinations. Further study based on this preliminary study need about nonpharmacologic management of pain in newborns.
Keywords
Newborn; Infant; Pain; Pacifiers; Glucose;
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