• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2009

The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify whether the operation of cultural centers in discount stores contributes to their profitability. Thus, this study is aimed at exploring how the lifestyles of customers who use the cultural centers influence their intention to use the discount stores. Specifically, the effect of shopping value on the correlation between the lifestyle types and usage intention of the customers were examined through a structured research model. To verify the effect, a survey on 139 customers of the Cultural Center of Nonghyup Hanaro Club's S branch was conducted and the valid questionnaires were used for analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings are as follows. First, the lifestyles seeking self-realization had a positive effect on utilitarian value, and lifestyles seeking pop cultures had a positive effect on hedonic value. Second, the mediating effect of shopping value on the correlation between the lifestyle types and usage intention of the customers is as follows. Utilitarian value had a mediating effect only on the lifestyles seeking self-realization. In case of lifestyles seeking pop cultures, the use of Cultural Center had no effect on the intention to use the discount store. Third, an analysis of a revised research model revealed that the store usage intention of lifestyles seeking pop cultures can be enhanced by boosting the utilitarian value through hedonic value. Results - The findings suggest the following. Customers with lifestyles seeking self-realization, who value what is beneficial to them with little attention to the perceptions of others, are highly interested in the benefits they can gain from shopping. As for customers with lifestyles seeking pop cultures, they are highly likely to consume products popular in a particular culture such as new products and sports, based on financial stability they pursue. Thus, they prefer more subjective, personal experience, unlike consumers pursuing utilitarian value. Conclusions - As a result, the former pursues hedonic value gained in the process of shopping with fun and joy, rather than doing shopping with a particular purpose in mind. Therefore, Cultural Centers need to offer information that fits the lifestyles of the users so that they are more likely to use the discount stores. However, if the Cultural Centers offer unified, profit-driven products and information, just to increase their store sales, it can backfire, which occurred in the past. On the other hand, if they provide information that fits the lifestyles of the users, it can actually increase the sales. Also, the findings suggest that sophisticated marketing strategies that can boost the hedonic value of customers by linking the educational contents of Cultural Centers to actual shopping, which is beneficial to consumers, should be set and operated by discount stores. In particular, customers with lifestyles seeking self-realization can be encouraged to use the stores by making them recognize the utilitarian value. However, the use of Cultural Centers doesn't necessarily lead to higher sales among customers with lifestyles seeking pop cultures. As mentioned previously, unified marketing strategy is not as effective for Cultural Centers of large discount stores.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2016

Advance of the Internet environment is applied not only to information search but also to the area of consumption behavior. Current research analyzes online use behavior and online information search of consumers in terms of users' perception. With the result of the research, it is noticed that promotion focus brings broader variation of information use behavior, and utilitarian value has a beneficial impact on the online exploratory information search. In addition, it is revealed that the more exploratory the information search is, the wider the range of online shopping information search is. Finally, people who have utilitarian shopping value showed more exploratory behavior in online search, especially for the search of informational products, than those who have hedonic shopping value. Present research is believed to improve practical influence of consumers' personality on online use behavior when customers purchase search products online. As a result, it would contribute to consumer research and marketing held online.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the heuristic type of consumers affecting purchase decision making and the intention of shopping value in their relationship to derive mobile social commerce purchase promotion plans. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model was constructed to relate the mediating effect of shopping value between heuristic types and purchase intentions. A total of 233 valid questionnaires were used for analysis for users using mobile social commerce. The statistical program used SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0, and correlation analysis, regression analysis, and 3-step parametric regression analysis were used for the analysis. Results - The results of the analysis showed that representativeness heuristics, availability heuristics, adjustment heuristics, and affect heuristics had a statistically significant effect on the utilitarian value and the hedonic value. On the other hand, affect heuristics among the heuristic types were found to have the greatest influence not only on the utilitarian value but also on the hedonic value. The two types of shopping value were found to be partially mediated between representativeness heuristics and purchase intentions, between adjustment heuristics and purchase intentions, and fully mediated between availability heuristics and purchase intentions, affect heuristics and purchase intentions. Conclusions - These findings suggest that mobile social commerce companies should check in advance how consumer heuristic types affect purchase intentions. In particular, affect heuristics are caused by consumers' emotional mood such as mood or external stimulus being more important to decision making than rational decision making. Therefore, the result of this study suggests that it can be an important factor to secure the competitiveness that the potential customers who access to use mobile social commerce can feel enough fun and enjoyment in the platform provided by the company. It is also worth paying attention to the utilitarian and hedonic values perceived by consumers. This is because the judgment regarding the economic, convenience and important information provided by the mobile social commerce users affects the purchase intention through the trust of the information, past use, and shopping experience displayed on the mobile social commerce platform.

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2008

This study deals with shopping value and trust as the factors to influence consumer attitude and purchase intention in online shopping. Utilitarian and hedonic shopping values, trust, attitude and purchase intention are incorporated into the Value-Attitude-Behavior model to find out how differently shopping values and trust influence online shoppers attitude and purchase intention when they have different purchase experiences. Data are collected from survey of 187 subjects and divided into two groups according to their online purchase experiences : 97 shoppers with low online purchase experiences and 89 with high experiences. PLS(Partial Least Square) method is applied to estimate the research model and to test 7 hypotheses. The results show the difference of the way how shopping value and trust influence purchase intention. In the case of low experienced online shoppers, trust has the greatest influence purchase intention, followed by hedonic shopping value mediated by attitude. However utilitarian shopping values have a bigger impact on it for shoppers with high purchase experiences. In the latter, trust also has a significant impact on purchase intention at confidence level of 0.05. The results also provide useful implications for practitioners to build and manage their marketing strategies. Managers of online shopping mall should react to the different shopping value by shopper's experience.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to determine the components of internet shopping value and to identify how those influence on the consumers' internet shopping behavior of apparel products. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 221 male and female students who have the shopping experiences for apparel products on the internet shopping malls, living in Kyongnam province. Using SPSS 12.0 package, $Cronbach's \alpha$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test and stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed. The results could be summarized as follows; 1) According to the internet shopping values, college student consumers were classified into three groups, utilitarian value shoppers, hedonic value shoppers and low interest shoppers. 2) As a results of the ANOVA among the three groups, significant differences were found in the internet shopping mall attributes and perceived risks. 3) Internet shopping values-hedonic and utilitarian shopping values, internet shopping mall attributes and perceived risks had an significant effect on the attitude and purchasing intention of the internet shopping mall.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1004-1018
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• 2020

Advances in e-commerce enable consumers to shop efficiently for fashion products in global markets in addition, the market size of purchasing directly from foreign websites are also increasing. This study investigates the effects of hedonic and utilitarian shopping values on the continuous use intention of online cross-border shopping. Curiosity and self-efficacy were introduced as mediating variables between shopping values and user intentions. A web-based survey is conducted on female consumers, who have experiences to buy fashion products by online cross-border shopping. A total of 472 responses were collected from a panel of online survey firms. Data are analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group SEM by AMOS 21.0. According to the results of the structural equation model test, hedonic value affected continuous use intention of online cross-border shopping as mediated by curiosity and self-efficacy; in addition, utilitarian value influenced self-efficacy, which mediated relations between the utilitarian value and the continuous use intention. The research model was also tested to compare heavy users and light users of online cross-border shopping. For heavy users, the effect of hedonic value on curiosity was significantly stronger than for light users. Several implications are suggested based on the results.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권9_10
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• pp.1321-1332
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• 2007

The purposes of this research were to investigate the influences of shopping value, brand awareness, and the types of sales promotion on the purchase of bundled cosmetics. In experiment, 1) shopping value 2) brand awareness 3) types of sales promotion were manipulated as independent variables, and consumer preference and purchasing intention of bundle of cosmetics were measured as dependent variables. This research was an experimental design which was $2{\times}2{\times}2$ mixed factorial design. For the data analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, three-way ANOVA were used by utilizing SAS program. The main results of the study were summarized as follows: First, the results indicated that the consumer of hedonic shopping value have a positive effect on preferring price-cut sales, especially if brand awareness is high. Second, the consumer of utilitarian shopping value preferred price-cut sales to special offer, irrespective of brand awareness. This result indicates that consumers who gets more involved in and enjoys shopping are likely to have more brand awareness than others. This. seems to be the important characteristics of shopping. Consumer who have utilitarian shopping value concerned in price. The result showed the 3-way interaction effects on the consumer preference of bundle of cosmetics.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.135-160
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• 2012

In this paper, we identified the factors influencing on the continuous use intention of social commerce and analyzed the proposed model empirically using structural equation model, which was developed by considering hedonic and utilitarian shopping value, trust, satisfaction, familiarity, social influence, and perceived price. We collected data for this study by surveying the consumers who had an experience of purchasing through social commerce. An analysis of 212 respondents indicated that utilitarian and hedonic shopping value influenced on satisfaction as both of shopping value are significant statistically. Social commerce gives more attraction their consumers by reducing the price to half, whereas they are expected to present playfulness of shopping. Familiarity, social influence, and perceived price are influential factors in a purchase of social commerce sites. We discuss the implications of our findings for both theory and practice.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1215-1226
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• 2009

This study classifies consumers according to apparel shopping values to find the differences of apparel attributes in accordance to shopping value segments between Korean and Chinese college students. College students from Seoul and Beijing participated in the study and a quota sampling method collected the data. Data from 504 questionnaires is used for the statistical analysis. A factor analysis through, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, ANOVA, and a post-hoc test are conducted. Two factors of apparel shopping values are classified (hedonic shopping values and utilitarian shopping values). Four segments of apparel shopping value were classified (hedonic shopping, low involvement shopping segment, high involvement shopping, and utilitarian shopping). Three factors of apparel attribute are classified (external attributes, internal/aesthetic attributes, and internal/quality attributes). The result indicate that high involvement shopping segments considered all the clothing attributes more importantly than the other three segments. Chinese respondents of hedonic shopping segments and high involvement shopping segments considered advertisements in terms of external attributes, assembly, and fit in terms of internal/quality performance attributes as more important than Koreans. Chinese respondents of low involvement shopping segments also considered assembly and fit in terms of internal/quality performance attributes as more important than Koreans. Korean respondents of utilitarian shopping segments had a special regard for design and color in terms of internal/aesthetic attributes but the Chinese had a special regard for assembly, fit, and ease of maintenance in terms of internal/quality performance attributes.