• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

The unsymmetric finite element formulation has been proposed recently to improve predictions from distorted finite elements. Studies have also shown that this special formulation using parametric functions for the test functions and metric functions for the trial functions works surprisingly well because the former satisfy the continuity conditions while the latter ensure that the stress representation during finite element computation can retrieve in a best-fit manner, the actual variation of stress in the metric space. However, a question that remained was whether the unsymmetric formulation was variationally correct. Here we determine that it is not, using the simplest possible element to amplify the principles.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3441-3453
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• 1996

A finite element anlaysis is performed for large deformations of a felxible beam. The total Lagrangian formulation for a general large deformation, which involves finite rotations, is chosen and the exponential map is used to treat finite rotations from the Eulerian point of view. The finite elements results are confirmed for several cases of deformations through comparison to a first order elasticity solution obtained by numerical integration, and the agreement between the two is found to be excellent. For lateral buckling, the point of vanishing determinant of the resulting unsymmetric tangent stiffness is traced to examine its relationship to bifurcation points. It is found that the points of vanishing determinant is not corresponding to bifurcation points for large deformation in general, which suggests that the present unsymmetric tangent stiffness is not an exact first derivative of internal forces with respect to displacement.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.7-22
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• 1997

A finite element analysis is performed for lateral buckling problems on the basis of a geometrically nonlinear formulation for a beam with small elastic strain but with possibly large rotations. The total Lagrangian formulation for a general large deformation, which involves finite rotations, is chosen and the exponential map is used to treat finite rotations from the Eulerian point of view. For lateral buckling, the point of vanishing determinant of the resulting unsymmetric tangent stiffness is traced to examine its relationship to bifurcation points. It is found that the points of vanishing determinant is not corresponding to bifurcation points for large deformations in general, which suggests that the present unsymmetric tangent stiffness is not an exact first derivative of internal forces with respect to displacement. This is illustrated through several numerical examples and followed by appropriate discussion.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간구조학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

대칭 및 비대칭 적층판의 거동을 연구하기 위하여 가변형률과 고차전단변형이론을 바탕으로 4절점 판 유한요소(HSA4)를 개발하였다. 개발된 판 요소는 적층 판의 두께 방향으로 나타나는 전단변형의 포물선 분포를 고려하기 위하여 Reddy의 고차전단변형이론을 도입하였다. 특히 전단변형을 고려한 판 요소에서 발생하는 전단과대현상을 해결하기 위하여 가변형률을 채용하였다, 본 연구를 통하여 개발한 판요소는 고차전단변형이론을 도입하여 각 절점당 7개의 자유도를 가지므로 요소전체에 28개의 자유도로 판의 변형을 표현하게 된다. 개발된 유한요소의 성능을 검증하고 우수성을 보여주기 위해 다양한 두께를 가지는 대칭 및 비대칭 적층 판에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였으며 그 결과를 다른 고차전단변형이론에 의해 도출된 참고해들과 비교하였다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.110-113
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• 2002

As a preliminary study for the three dimensional failure analysis of composite joints, the three dimensional stress analysis on a pin-loaded unidirectional-fabric hybrid composite joints are performed. The contact and frictions between composite plate and metal bush are considered in the finite element method by NASTRAN. Experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy and feasibility of the finite element technique for 25 specimens with 5 different geometries. The finite element and experimental results show the bush cap induces the unsymmetric deformation, stress distribution, and failure behavior through the thickness. The experiment also shows the failure loads are higher in the joint with bush cap than without it.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.239-246
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• 1997

The general formulation of free vibration and stability analysis of unsymmetric thin-walled space frames and beam-columns is presented. The kinetic and total potential energy is derived by applying the extended virtual work principle, introducing displacement parameters defined at the arbitrarily chosen axis and including second order terms of finite semitangential rotations. In formulating the finite element procedure, cubic Hermitian polynomials are utilized as shape functions of the two node space frame element. Mass, elastic stiffness, and geometric stiffness matrices for the unsymmetric thin-walled section are evaluated. In order to illustrate the accuracy and practical usefulness of this formulation, finite element solutions for the free vibration and stability problems of thin-walled beam-columns and space frames are presented and compared with available solutions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2008

The use of metric trial functions to represent the real stress field in what is called the unsymmetric finite element formulation is an effective way to improve predictions from distorted finite elements. This approach works surprisingly well because the use of parametric functions for the test functions satisfies the continuity conditions while the use of metric (Cartesian) shape functions for the trial functions attempts to ensure that the stress representation during finite element computation can retrieve in a best-fit manner, the actual variation of stress in the metric space. However, the issue of how to handle situations where there is locking along with mesh distortion has never been addressed. In this paper, we show that the use of a consistent definition of the constrained strain field in the metric space can ensure a lock-free solution even when there is mesh distortion. The three-noded Timoshenko beam element is used to illustrate the principles. Some significant conclusions are drawn regarding the optimal strategy for finite element modelling where distortion effects and field-consistency requirements have to be reconciled simultaneously.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.767-770
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• 2008

• 전산구조공학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.191-204
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• 1998

전단변형 효과를 무시하는 경우에 보존력을 받는 박벽공간뼈대구조의 자유진동 및 안정성해석을 위한 일반이론을 유도한다. 이를 위하여 비대칭 박벽단면의 임의점을 통과하는 부재축과 이와 직각을 이루는 두 개의 좌표축을 도입하여 직각좌표계를 정의하고, 이 좌표축을 기준으로 semitangential 회전의 2차항을 고려하는 변위장을 도입하여 연속체에 대한 가상일의 원리로 부터 운동에너지, 탄성변형에너지, 그리고 초기응력에 의한 포텐셜에너지를 유도한다. 이를 이용하여 선형분포하중을 받는 박벽공간뼈대구조의 자유진동 및 안정성해석을 위한 운동방정식을 제시한다. 3차 Hermitian 다항식을 변위파라미터의 형상함수로 사용하여 박벽공간뼈대부재의 질량, 탄성강성 및 기하학적 강성행렬을 산정할 뿐만 아니라, 임의의 위치에 작용하는 분포하중에 대한 하중보정강성행렬(load-correction stiffness matrix)을 제시한다. 본 이론 및 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 수치해석을 수행하고 문헌의 결과와 비교하여 정당성을 입증한다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.158-161
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• 2005

The fiber-reinforced composite materials have been advanced for various applications because of its excellent mechanical and electromagnetic properties. On their manufacturing processes, however, thermo-curing inherently produces the undesired thermal deformation mainly from temperature drop from the process temperature to the room temperature, so called spring-back. The spring-back must be removed to keep the precision of designed shape. In this research, the spring-back of {glass fiber / epoxy}+{carbon fiber / epoxy} unsymmetric hybrid composites were predicted using Classical Lamination Theory (CLT), and compared with the experimental data. Additionally, using finite element analysis (ANSYS), the predicted data and experimental data were compared. The predicted values by CLT and ANSYS were well matched with experimental data.