• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.303-313
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance efficiency and productivity change of the regional public hospital in Korea. We use DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) for CCR, BCC model, and MPI(Malmquist Productivity Index). DEA is a useful nonparametric technique for measurement of efficiency of a DMU(Decision Making Unit) and MPI is a evaluation method to measure DMU's productivity change. We utilize 34 regional public hospital's time-series data over 6 years from 2003 to 2008.The results of this study were as follows. First, technical efficiency(TE) shows that approximately 3.6% of inefficiency exists on the regional public hospitals and it reveals that the cause for technical inefficiency is due to scale inefficiency. Second, MPI's results show that regional public hospital made effort to improve total factor productivity change to raise technical efficiency. In order to raise efficiency, the regional public hospitals should deploy internal innovation and the government should support welfare policies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.453-457
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• 2001

One of the major limitations of productivity and quality in metal cutting is the machining accuracy of machine tools. The machining accuracy is affected by geometric and thermal errors of the machine tools. In this study, the compensation device is manufactured in order to compensate thermal error of machine tools under the real-time. This paper models of the thermal errors for error analysis and develops on-the-machine measurement system by which the volumetric error are measured and compensated. The thermal error is modeled by means of angularity errors of a column and thermal drift error of the spindle unit which are measured by the touch probe unit with a star type styluses, a designed spherical ball artifact, and five gap sensors. In order to compensate thermal characteristics under several operating conditions, experiments performed with five gap sensors and manufactured compensation device on the horizontal machining center.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.132-146
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• 1995

Even though Korean medical law stipulates that number of patients attended by a nurse is 2.5 for hospitalization and 30 for ambulatory care, the number of patients cared by a nurse per day is much greater than the standard prescribed by the medical law. Current productivity of nurses is not desirable unless the quality of care is considered. And nursing manpower staffing based on neither current nurses' productivity nor standard of medical law cannot respond properly to dynamic situation of the medical services. Under this background, the necessity of more efficient management of nursing manpower occupying 1/3 of total hospital workers has been recognized by many nursing administrators. Many nursing researchers have studied to foretell the nursing manpower objectively on the basis of measured nursing workload according to patient classification as well. Most of These researches, however, have been conducted in the tertiary hospitals, so it is imperative to conduct other researches to predict necessary nursing manpower in the secondary and the primary hospitals. The study was performed to measure nursing workload and predict pertinent nursing manpower to a secondary hospital with 400beds. Nursing workload was surveyed using measuring tool for direct and indirect care hours in a surgical unit and a medical unit. Survey was conducted from Sep.10 to Sep.16 and from Oct.5 to Oct.11, 1994 respectively by two skilled nurses, Subjects were patients, patients' family members and nursing personnels. Results are follows : 1. Patient classification distributed as 22% of class I (mildly ill patient), 57% of class II (moderately ill patient), and 21% of class III (acutely ill patient) in the medical nursing unit, while 23% of class I, 29% of class II, 12% of class III, and 36% of classIV (critically ill patient) in the surgical nursing unit. There was no difference of inpatient number between weekday and weekend. Bed circulation rate was 89% in both units and average patients number per day was 37.4 (total 42beds) in the medical nursing unit, 32.9 (total 37beds) in the medical nursing unit. 2. Direct care hours per day measured as 2.8hrs for class I, 3.3hrs for class II, and 3.5hrs for class III in the medical nursing unit, while 3.1hrs for class I, 3hrs for class II, 2.7hrs for class III, and 2.2hrs for classIV in the surgical nursing unit. Meanwhile, hours for nursing assistant activities per patient by patients' family members were 11mins and 200mins respectively. Direct care hour rate by shift was day 36%, evening 25%, and night 39% in the medical nursing unit, while 40%, 29%, and and 31% respectively in the surgical nursing unit. 3. Measurement and observation activity held 44.2% of direct care activities of nurses and medication 36.7%, communication 11.7%, exercise 1.8%, treatment 1.3%, hygiene 1.3%, elimination and irrigation 1.1%, suction 1%, nutrition 0.5%, thermotherapy 0.3%, oxygen therapy 0.1% in order. 4. Indirect care hours per day were 294.2mins in the medical nursing unit, and 273.9mins in the surgical nursing unit. By shift, evening was the highest in both units. Indirect care hours for each patient were 44.5mins in the medical nursing unit and 46mins in the surgical nursing unit. 5. checking activities including doctor's order, medication, and delivering patients to the next shift occupied 39.7% of indirect care activities, and preparation 26%, recording 23.8%, communication and conference 6.7%, managing equipments 2.1%, messenger activity 1.7% in order. 6. On the ground of these results, nursing manpower needed in a secondary hospital was estimated ; 27 nursing personnels for the medical nursing unit of 37beds, and 20 nursing personnels for the surgical nursing unit of 33beds.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.921-927
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• 2013

This paper presents a user interface for vision based indirect teaching of a robotic manipulator with Kinect and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors. The user interface system is designed to control the manipulator more easily in joint space, Cartesian space and tool frame. We use the skeleton data of the user from Kinect and Wrist-mounted IMU sensors to calculate the user's joint angles and wrist movement for robot control. The interface system proposed in this paper allows the user to teach the manipulator without a pre-programming process. This will improve the teaching time of the robot and eventually enable increased productivity. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the robot control and interface system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.23-34
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• 2011

Reliable progress management at construction requires integrated information of cost and schedule, and information is used as a basis for project performance measurement. However, separate handling of cost and schedule information at construction projects makes objective measurement more difficult and decreases management productivity due to additional works for breaking down bill of quantities into corresponding activities. Recently, research related to BIM addresses issues on effective progress management based on BIM with incorporation of daily progress management. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose information model for daily progress rate and budgeted cost of work performed by utilizing BTM-based quantity and location information.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.584-596
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• 1994

The objective of the study is to explore the relationships between the variables of nursing productivity on the framework of system del in the tertiary university based care hospital in Korea. Productivity is basically defined as the relation-ship between inputs and outputs. Under the proposition that the nursing unit is a system that produces nursing care output using personal and material resources through the nursing intervention and nursing care management. And this major conception of nursing productivity system comproises input, process and output and feed-back. These categorized variables are essential parts to produce desirable and meaningful out-put. While nursing personnel from head nurse to staff nurses cooperate with each other, the head nurse directs her subordinates to achieve the goal of nursing care unit. In this procedure, the head nurse uses the leadership of authority and benevolence. Meantime nursing productivity will be greatly influenced by environment and surrounding organizational structures, and by also the operational objectives, the policy and standards of procedures. For the study of nursing productivity one sample hospital with 15 general nursing care units was selected. Research data were collected for 3 weeks from May 31 to June 20 in 1993. Input variables were measured in terms of both the served and the server. And patient classification scores were measured drily by degree of nursing care needs that indicated patent case-mix. And also nurses' educational period for profession and clinical experience and the score of nurses' personality were measured as producer input variables by the questionnaires. The process varialbes act necessarily on leading input resources and result in desirable nursing outputs. Thus the head nurse's leadership perceived by her followers is defined as process variable. The output variables were defined as length of stay, average nursing care hours per patient a day the score of quality of nursing care, the score of patient satisfaction, the score of nurse's job satis-faction. The nursing unit was the basis of analysis, and various statistical analyses were used : Reliability analysis(Cronbach's alpha) for 5 measurement tools and Pearson-correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and canonical correlation analysis for the test of the relationship among the variables. The results were as follows : 1. Significant positive relationship between the score of patient classification and length of stay was found(r=.6095, p.008). 2. Regression coefficient between the score of patient classification and length of stay was significant (β=.6245, p=.0128), and variance explained was 39%. 3. Significant positive relationship between nurses’ educational period and length of stay was found(r=-.4546, p=.044). 5. Regression coefficient between nurses' educational period and the score of quality of nursing care was significant (β=.5600, p=.029), and variance explained was 31.4%. 6. Significant positive relationship between the score of head nurse's leadership of authoritic characteristics and the length of stay was found (r=.5869, p=.011). 7. Significant negative relationship between the score of head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and average nursing care hours was found(r=-.4578, p=.043). 8. Regression coefficient between the score of head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and average nursing care hours was significant(β=-.6912, p=.0043), variance explained was 47.8%. 9. Significant positive relationship between the score of the head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and the score of nurses' job satis-faction was found(r=.4499, p=050). 10. A significant canonical correlation was found between the group of the independent variables consisted of the score of the nurses' personality, the score of the head nurse's leadership of authoritic characteristics and the group of the dependent variables consisted of the length of stay, average nursing care hours(Rc²=.4771, p=.041). Through these results, the assumed relationships between input variables, process variable, output variables were partly supported. In addition it is also considered necessary that-further study on the relationships between nurses' personality and nurses' educational period, between nurses' clinical experience including skill level and output variables in many research samples should be made.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2008

In private and public construction works, cost estimation and site productivity management are based on designed labor quantities calculated by the Standard Quantities per Unit (SQU). The designed labor quantities are regarded as the basis for insurance costs and safety and environmental costs and also affect the progress measurement of construction works. Even though the designed labor quantities from the SQU has been considered to be different from actual labor quantities put to construction works, there is no research that empirically analyzes the statistical differences. This study analyzes actual labor quantities of form workers, steel-bar fabricators, concrete pourers in reinforced concrete works of the 43 apartment projects, and compares the actual labor quantities to labor quantities from the SQU. It goes further to scrutinize the critical reasons underlying the differences through a survey on 65 practitioners and interviews with 32 site managers and supervisors. The regression models of labor quantities of the apartment concrete work produced by the present study will contribute to reasonable construction contracts based on the past actual costs and practical site management by the actual labor quantities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.41
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• pp.185-206
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to improve productivity for maximum effects with the present equipments and staff. This study compared and analyzed the mea-sured time by using stop watch method and MTM, which was the new measuring method. The flow and results of this study were as follows: 1. This study investigated the theoretical background the efficiency for production management, and the way of productivity improvement through documentary research. 2. Setting up the standard flow on the experi-mental company production, making out a process chart and measuring the actual working hour. 3. The study measured the allowance time applying work sampling. 4. Each process of the movement analysis was filmed by video to use basic data. 5. MTM analysis was taken by choosing 10 processes from front bodice according to the basic movement of MTM. Through the results, this study exclude unneccesary movements and suggest a method for working ways. 6. Using the actual working hour measured by a stop watch calculated the pitch time and presumed the amount of daily productivity. 7. The result of the work sampling came out as 38% of allowance rate. It was 13% higher than the standard amount of woman's jacket allowance rate, which was 25%. The most influencing factor was work discussion. That was because there were commuication problem of the work way between the operator and leader. More adequate use of flow table and level passing table was needed. There were the problems that inappropriate places and sizes made the distance of movements longer and often needed more adjustment of works and surroundings. To prevent breakdowns equipments check ups were necessary before works. 8. The results of MTM analysis were as follow : the time was reduced 40% than the actual measured time by a stop watch. This was because the leveling of the operator was included in the real calculation. Also, leveling was included in MTM analysis and all the conditions were standarized. Therefore MTM method was a scientidic measuring way of establishing the standard time. The presented method of this study, suggested an ideal method eliminating unneccesary motions, and presented standardization of works. Improvement of working methods, work condition and simplifying motions in each 10 processes reduced the working time from total 656 seconds to 301 seconds. 9. The way and time of working was linked together in the MTM analysis methods. Thus data from MTM help suggest not only establishing standard time but also establishing stan-dard work. Plus it includes various ability for improvements of working ways. So it is an objective method which can be widely used in other work studies. 10. The function of a time study is to determine the amount of work produced with a given method. The work rate is used to establish the cost of labor. The wage of worker must be calculated per unit time which is deter-mined before the time study is made. This study tried to introduce the incentive rule for deciding wages according to the standard time by MTM method.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.443-452
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• 2020

Worker's awkward postures and unreasonable physical load can be corrected by monitoring construction activities, thereby increasing the safety and productivity of construction workers and projects. However, manual identification is time-consuming and contains high human variance. In this regard, an automated activity recognition system based on inertial measurement unit can help in rapidly and precisely collecting motion data. With the acceleration data, the machine learning algorithm will be used to train classifiers for automatically categorizing activities. However, input acceleration data are extracted either from designed experiments or simple construction work in previous studies. Thus, collected data series are discontinuous and activity categories are insufficient for real construction circumstances. This study aims to collect acceleration data during long-term continuous work in a construction project and validate the feasibility of activity recognition algorithm with the continuous motion data. The data collection covers two different workers performing formwork at the same site. An accelerator, as well as portable camera, is attached to the worker during the entire working session for simultaneously recording motion data and working activity. The supervised machine learning-based models are trained to classify activity in hierarchical levels, which reaches a 96.9% testing accuracy of recognizing rest and work and 85.6% testing accuracy of identifying stationary, traveling, and rebar installation actions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.98-107
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• 2023

This study presents a well spacing design for coalbed methane(CBM) reservoirs using the experimental results of methane gas adsorption measurement of coal samples obtained from North Kalimantan Island, Indonesia. The gas productivity analysis shows that the cumulative gas production increases as the Langmuir volume increases. This indicates that the maximum gas adsorption directly affects the gas production. In addition, the maximum gas production increases with the increase of reservoir permeability, and the dewatering period is shortened. In particular, the cumulative gas production increases as the production influence area increases. However, when comparing productivity per unit well, the maximum cumulative gas production is found between 2,000 ft of depth and 80-160 acres of the influence area. When reservoir depth and production influence area are considered simultaneously, the results of the appropriate well depth and spacing calculations show that gas productivity is highest between 600-2,000 ft. In this case, it is appropriate to design well spacing in the range of 80-160 acres. Therefore, well spacing design considering coalbed depth in undeveloped CBM reservoirs can be accomplished using gas sorption test results from coal samples.