• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2020

Because sensor nodes have limited resources in wireless sensor networks, data aggregation can efficiently reduce communication overhead and extend the network lifetime. Although many existing methods are particularly useful for data aggregation applications, they incur unbalanced communication cost and waste lots of sensors' energy. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving, energy-saving data aggregation scheme (EBPP). Our method can efficiently reduce the communication cost and provide privacy preservation to protect useful information. Meanwhile, the balanced energy of the nodes can extend the network lifetime in our scheme. Through many simulation experiments, we use several performance criteria to evaluate the method. According to the simulation and analysis results, this method can more effectively balance energy dissipation and provide privacy preservation compared to the existing schemes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1974

Through the questionaire inquiry from April 1st to 10th, 1974 with 393 students in Woonho, Saekwang junior and senior highschool and Daisung, Ilshin girls' junior and senior highschool in Chungju, Choong Cheong Buk Do, I surveyed the general circumstances of students and their unbalanced diet on total 199 foods and causes of the unbalanced diet and regard the 21 boys and 29 girls who don't like to eat more than 30 foods from the given 47 protein-foods which are needed by students who are now in the stage of growth. This study is concerned with their circumstances and the causes of their ill habit of eating. 1) As to their distribution of age, 14 and 18 year old boys were six (28.5%), 11 and 13 year old girls were eleven (38.1%). In the survey on their height, 6 boys (28.5) were from 146 cm to 150 cm and 11 girls (38.1%) were from 146 cm to 150 cm. On the weight, 7 boys were from 36 kg to 40 kg(33.7%), 10 girls were from 36 kg to 40 kg (34.0%). We can see that ill habiters of eating were more weaker than other students from this data. 2) In the survey of educational level of their housewive it was found that number of graduates of the primary school is thirty (60.0%). So we can derive the fact that they don't make any variety in their daily table for their family. 3) As to their living standard, 19 boys (90.4%) and 27 girls (93.3%) belong to the middle class, low and high class were a little. This indicates the general living standard if Korea, because in common sence we regard the riches are the more ill habiters of eating. 4) 8 boys (36.8%) and 8 girls (26.8%) were the first children in their homes. This indicates the fact that housewive happen to make the first child as the ill habiter of eating because their lack of experience to give various food for their children. As to the survey on their infant nutriments, 41 students (80.2%) were fed by mother's milk. 5) Upon the causes of the unbalanced diet on a certain food, 34 boys (82.7%) and 45 girls (64.6%) were because of appearing to that food, 10 boys (40.8%) and 18 girls (61.5%) were because of the characteristic fragrance, 11 boys (52.4%) and 17 girls (58.1%) were because they have never eated that food till now, 34 boys (19.3%) and 5 girls (17.0%) were because of the bad appearance of the food. So housewive should study various ways of cooking daily meals at home and try to give their children who are in the stage of growth to be able to eat wider kinds of foods for the improvement of health.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of mothers' attitudes on preparing baby foods for their children's food habits and development. The subjects were allocated to 419 preschool children, aged 3 - 5 years. This study surveyed by questionnaire, which was answered by the children's mothers. Subjects were classified by two groups, active and passive, based on their mothers' weaning attitudes. In the active group, mothers tried to make a variety of foods for preparing the baby foods, whereas mothers in the passive group didn't try to make it too much. Family income was higher in the active group and the subject' mothers had more jobs than those in the passive group, whereas their parent's education levels showed no differences. According to Rohrer index, 2.6% of subjects were obese in the active group, whereas 7.7% in the passive group. These data were shown significantly different between the groups. There were no differences in mother's food habits and breast-feeding versus formula feeding between the two groups. However, children's food habits were shown statistically different between the two groups. Higher regularity of meals, higher frequencies of snacks at home, higher frequencies of fruit, com, sweet potato as a snacks and less instant foods were revealed in the active group more than in the passive group. The major problem of children's food habits was an unbalanced diet (52.7%) and the major reasons for unbalanced diet were the taste (58.7%) and the texture (23.2%). The active uoup used more fruits and vegetables than the passive group. Also there were significant differences to solve problems of children's unbalanced diets. In the positive group, 14.4% of mothers tried to develop new cooking methods for solving the problem of an unbalanced diet, but 8.2% did in the passive group. furthermore, 2.3% of mothers in the positive group removed unpleasant items of the food, whereas 6.9% did in the passive. The average nutritional knowledge scores on a 10 scale were 7.2 and 6.9 in active and passive groups, respectively, and they were statistically different. Mothers among the active group explained the knowledge for food and nutrition to their children more than those in the passive group. These results suggest that mothers' attitudes for baby food are an important factor for forming their children's food habits. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nutritional education program, materials and new recipes for a variety of baby foods to mothers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 1994

the purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the real life of urban employed husbands and their wives(2) the balance between labor force reproduction and the labor force consumption(3) and the share of family responsibility by analysis patterns of their time use. Data for 227 couples were gatherd from using structured questionnaire and time diary. (1) Because of Husbands' long labor time and employed wives' roleoverload their social-cultural time is too short which means the pattern of their time use are very unbalanced type. (2) Regardless of wives' employment status husbands' housework time is too short which means that family responsibility is scarcely shared.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.203-206
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• 2004

Tilting train has been developed to increase the operational speed of the trains on conventional lines which have many curves. This train are tilted at curves to compensate for unbalanced carbody centrifugal acceleration to a greater extent than compensation produced by the track cant, so that passengers do not feel centrifugal acceleration and thus trains can run at higher speed at curves. This paper developed PDM(product data managemnet) to make a system engineering of TTX(tilting train express) with maximum operation speed 180 km/h.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2014

An asynchronous optical packet-switching (AOPS) node with load-balancing capability can achieve better performance in reducing the high packet-loss ratio (PLR) and time delay caused by unbalanced traffic. This paper proposes a novel dynamic load-balancing algorithm for an AOPS node with limited buffer and without wavelength converters, and considering the data flow distribution and service levels. By calculating the occupancy state of the output ports, load state of the input ports, and priorities for data flow, the traffic is balanced accordingly. Simulations demonstrate that asynchronous variant data packets and output traffic can be automatically balanced according to service levels and the data flow distribution. A PLR of less than 0.01% can be achieved, as well as an average time delay of less than 0.46 ns.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

전 세계적으로 사이버 공격은 계속 증가해 왔으며 그 피해는 정부 시설을 넘어 민간인들에게 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 문제로 사이버 이상징후를 조기에 식별하여 탐지할 수 있는 시스템 개발의 중요성이 강조되었다. 위와 같이, 사이버 이상징후를 효과적으로 식별하기 위해 BGP(Border Gateway Protocol) 데이터를 머신러닝 모델을 통해 학습하고, 이를 이상징후로 식별하는 여러 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 BGP 데이터는 이상 데이터가 정상 데이터보다 적은 불균형 데이터(Imbalanced data)이다. 이는, 모델에 학습이 편향된 결과를 가지게 되어 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 감소시킨다. 또한, 실제 사이버 상황에서 보안 담당자들이 머신러닝의 정형적인 결과로 사이버 상황을 인식시킬 수 없는 한계도 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전 세계 네트워크 기록을 보관하는 BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)를 조사하고, SMOTE(Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) 활용해 불균형 데이터 문제를 해결한다. 그 후, 사이버 공방(Cyber Range) 상황을 가정하여, 오토인코더를 통해 사이버 이상징후 분류하고 분류된 데이터를 가시화한다. 머신러닝 모델인 오토인코더는 정상 데이터의 패턴을 학습시켜 이상 데이터를 분류하는 성능을 92.4%의 정확도를 도출했고 보조 지표도 90%의 성능을 보여 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 확보한다. 또한, 혼잡한 사이버 공간을 가시화하여 효율적으로 상황을 인식할 수 있기에 사이버 공격에 효과적으로 방어할 수 있다고 전망된다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2011

암호화 장비에 의해 소비되는 전력이 연산 데이터에 의존하는 특성을 이용한 전력 분석 공격이 제안된 이후, 이러한 연관성을 하드웨어에서 원천적으로 차단할 수 있는 많은 로직들이 개발되었다. 그 중 대부분의 로직들이 채택하고 있는 DRP로직은 전력 소비량을 균형 있게 유지하여, 연산 데이터와 소비 전력 간의 연관성을 제거한다. 하지만, 최근 설계 회로 규모 확장에 따른 semi-custom 디자인 방식의 적용이 불가피하게 되었고, 이러한 디자인 방식은 불균형적인 설계 패턴을 야기하여 DRP로직이 균형적인 전력을 소비하지 않는 문제점을 발생하도록 하였다. 이러한 불균형적인 전력 소비는 전력 분석 공격에 취약점이 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 불균형적인 전력 소비 패턴을 제거하기 위하여 양쪽 출력 노드를 동시에 discharge 시켜주는 동작을 추가한 DyCML로직 기반의 새로운 로직을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 또한 제안 기법의 성능을 증명하기 위해 1bit fulladder를 구성하여 기존 로직과의 성능을 비교하였다. 제안 로직은 전력 소비량의 균형성을 판단하는 지표인 NED와 NSD값에 대해 최대 60% 이상 성능 향상이 있음이 확인되었으며 전력 소비량 또한 다른 로직에 비하여 최대 55%정도 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2018

본 논문은 2000-2013년의 OECD 29개국 데이터를 이용하여, 여성, 모성, 남성, 전체 고용률의 결정요인들을 실증 분석하였다. 영유아교육보육 지원이 여성 고용률과 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있음을 발견하였고, 영유아교육보육 지원이 남성 고용률에는 부정적인 효과를 가지지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 부소득자에 대한 한계세율이 높아질수록 여성뿐 아니라 남성의 고용률이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 여성 전체를 대상으로 계산된 고용률에 비하여 어린 자녀를 둔 여성의 고용률이 보다 민감하게 정책 및 여건 변수들에 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과는 현금성 가족지원보다는 영유아교육보육 지원을 확대해 나가는 것이 바람직함을 의미한다.

• 지역연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1994

This study attempts to examine the regional distribution and the locational pattern of leisure facilities at Kangnam-gu in Seoul. For the convenience of the analysis the facilities are classified into public and private sector and then the facilities are classified into 11 types: mineral spring resort, play ground, neighborhood park, swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling, pingpong, aerobic, golf practice, health, and billiard facilities. For the purpose data was collected from statistical yearbook in 1993 and lists of registered facility at department of living physics of Kangnam-gu office. The data of the density of facilities and the opportunity of facilities per facilities type and per region are analysed with the technology of GIS. Results may be summarized as follows. First of all, correlation between the results of Location-Allocation model and the results of Interaction model is very high. Secondly, on comparing the density of facilities with the opportunity of the facility use per eleven facility types, three discrete spatial pattems are found. The mineral spring resort facility type with the highest unbalanced density and opportunity of facility use is to be found. Play ground, neighborhood park, swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling, pingpong, and aerobic facility types have the high unbalanced density and opportunity of facility use. The golf practice, health, and billiard facility types have spatially balanced density and opportunity of facility use. Thirdly, as comparing the density and the opportunity of the facility use per 'dong' administration unit, the spatial patterns of the public and the private facilities are different in density of the facility use and otherwise two are similar in the opportunity of the facility use. Fourthly, patterns of facilities users have different charateristics based on facility use time, expense, residence, and access time and four regional patterns are to be found ; user favorable, facility profitable, user balanced, and unfavorable.