• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

짱둥어 정자의 미세구조 및 정자형성과정에 관한 연구를 하였다. 정소는 정자낭으로 구성되어 있으며 얇은 막으로 둘러싸여 있었다. 정자낭은 여러 발생단계의 정자들을 포함하고 있으며, 정자낭의 내강에는 다수의 정자들이 위치하고 있었다. 정소의 외막은 상피층, 콜라겐층, 근양체(myoid tissue)등으로 구성되어 있었다. 근양체는 정소 안쪽까지 연결되어서 정자낭 사이의 간질조직의 주요 구성체였다. 게 다가 핵과 다수의 미코톤드리아를 포함한 간세포(interstitial)도 관찰되었다. Synaptonemal complex가 1차 정모세포에서 확인되었다. 초기 정세포에서 과립상의 염색질로 구성된 구형의 핵이 관찰되었다. 치밀한 과립상의 염색질로 구성된 중기 정세포의 핵이 정세포의 한쪽에 자리잡고 있었고, 미코톤드리아가 다른 한쪽에 자리잡고 있었다. nuclear fossa가 후기 정세포의 미토콘드리아의 근처에서 관찰되었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.479-483
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• 2006

In preparation of the biological samples for electron microscopy, the chemical fixation by glutaraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and OsO4 has been generally used for a long time. However, the chemical fixation method has some problems: the infiltration time is a little bit long and the ultrastructure of cell or tissue transforms before complete fixation of sample. So, recently, cryo-fixation is considered more often in biomedical field. In this study, we compared High Pressure Freezing (HPF) method with chemical fixation method using a algal sample (Ptilota filicina J. Agardh), which was difficult to fix using chemical fixation method. In chloroplast, the ultrastructure of thylakoid lamella and phycobilisome can not show clearly by chemical fixation. In this study we could observe the ultrastructure of thylakoid lamella and phycobilisome of chloroplast very clearly using HPF fixation. An improved images of ultrastructures of nucleus, mitochondrion and floridean starch could obtain. These results suggest that HPF method is very useful method in algal specimen for electron microscopy.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2002

Although successful pronuclear formation and apposition were seen in porcine oocytes following mouse sperm injection, little is known on the morphology of male and female pronuclei following sperm injection. The objective of this study is to describe the ultrastructure of porcine zygote following murine sperm injection in relation to the chronology of pronuclear S phase. At 40h ~ 44h following in vitro maturation, Cumulus cells were removed in TCM-HEPES with 0.1% hyaluronidase. Then, spermatozoa was injected into the cytoplasm of oocytes. After. injection, all oocytes were transferred to NCSU23 medium and cultured at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ in air. Oocytes were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in Dulbeccos phosphate-buffered saline and observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Nuclear precursor bodies were observed in each pronucleus. A cluster of large and small granules was attached in the nucleolus precursor body. After the apposition of male and female chromatin, chromatin condensation was observed throughout the nucleoplasm and nucleolus precursor bodies and condensed chromatin in contact with clusters of small and large granules and the nuclear envelope were found in apposed pronuclear regions. These results suggest that non-species specific nuclear cytoplasmic interactions take place during pronuclear formation and apposition following sperm injection.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1985

A study was undertaken to observe the distribution and ultrastructure of the sensory papillae of the liver and lung flukes which was obtained from experimentally infected rats and dogs. For this study, the rats were artificially infected with metacercariae isolated from Pseudorasbora parve, and the dogs were artificially infected with metacercariae isolated from Cambaroides similis. The liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis) were collected from the bile ducts of the rats which were autopsied 5 weeks later since infection. The lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani) were collected from the lung of the dogs which were autopsied 3 months later since infection. With the collected worms, ultrastructure of sensory papillae was studied by means of a scanning and transmission electron microscope. The liver flukes were compared with the lung flukes. The results of the observation are as follows. 1. The sensory papillae of the liver flukes was classified into 3 types and most of sensory papillae were distributed on the oral sucker. 2. The sensory papillae of the lung flukes were distinguished 8 types. The sensory papilla type VIII was specifically distributed on the oral sucker and type I, II were distributed on the tegumental surface of the worm. The sensory papillae of the lung flukes were mostly observed between oral sucker and ventral sucker of the worm excusively 3. The sensory papillae of the liver flukes were distributed around the sucker while those of the lung flukes were developed between spine. 4. The sensory papillae were formed by many tegumental ridge in the liver flukes while was made of many small sensory papillae in the lung flukes. 5. The sensory cilia were observed between tegumental ridges in the sensory papilla of the liver flukes and also in lung flukes. And they are alike in that respect. 6. The sensory papillae were not developed in the posterior part of the liver and lung flukes but mostly nerve endings were formed in the tegumental syncytium, and it was connected with neuropile.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

한국어류의 수정란 난막 미세구조를 분류체계에 따른 체계화 작업의 일환으로 난문의 유무, 난막의 표면 및 단면구조를 밝힘으로써 계통분류학적 기초자료를 제시하고자 경골어류, 구굴무치과에 속하는 얼룩동사리의 수정란을 실험재료로 하여 주사전자현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 수정란은 부착성 및 침성란으로 장타원형이었으며 동물극쪽에 부착사가 부착되어 있었다. 난황낭 내에는 많은 유적들이 있었으며, 난막 표면은 pore cannal들이 분포하고, 난문은 관찰되지 않았다. 난막은 두 층으로 구성되어 있었는데 외층은 전자밀도가 높은 비부착성이었으며, 내층은 전자밀도가 서로 다른 7층으로 구성되어 있었다. 이상과 같이 얼룩동사리 수정란 난막의 미세구조적 특징은 얼룩동사리의 수정란이 가지는 독특한 형태학적 형질로서 종을 분류하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 1997

Ultrastructure of mouse thymus was evaluated, following the administration of potassium dichromate and mercuric chloride, the heavy metals of evironmental pollutants. Potassium dichromate (20 mg/kg) or mercuric chloride solutions (10 mg/kg) were subcutanously injected to the mice. Six hours, three days and two weeks after the injections, animals were sacrificed. Thymic tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solutions. The procedure was followed by the fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide solutions. Washed and dehydrated tissue-blocks were embedded in the araldite mixture. Ultra-thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate solutions. Results observed were as follows: 1. In electron microscopy, cortical population of thymocytes in the thymus of experimental groups were reduced. especially in the outer cortex. Subcapsular cortices of potassium dichromate treated mice were filled with many epithelial reticular cells, whereas the similar area of mercuric chloride-treated mice exhibited large intercellular spaces. 2. In the thymus of mercuric chloride treated group, large intercellular spaces were formed by shrinkage of epithelial reticular cells, and the space was invaded by numerous cytoplasmic projections of macrophages. Thymocytes nuded out from the shrunken cytoplasm of epithelial reticular cells, presented numerous microvilli. 3. In the thymus of potassium dicromate treated group, many activated macrophages and plasma cells migrated into thymic cortices. 4. In the perivascular spaces of thymic cortices of potassium dichromate- and mercuric chloride-treated mice, activated macrophages. plasma cells, collagen fibrils, and flocculent substance of exudated materials were exhibited. From the above findifgs, it was concluded that potassium dichromate or mercuric chloride could disturb the normal differentiation or 'education' of T cells in the thymic cortex. In turn, these heavy metals may hurt the immunological defense mechanism.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-76
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• 1988

Chick embryos which have received a single injection of the organophosphate compound, malathion (0.1 mg/0.05 ml, 0.5 mg/0.05 ml, 1.0 mg/0.05 ml or 2.0 mg/0.05 ml) via the yolk sac at certain times (2 days, 4 days or 6 days after incubation) have been investigated. After 9 days of incubation, chick embryos were harvested to examine the effects of malathion on the ultrastructure and the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity of the developing spinal cord. The effects of simultaneous injection of malathion and nicotinamide were also compared. On ultrastructural findings, neurons in the ventral horn of spinal cord showed to be inhibited in their differentiation by malathion; nuclear irregularity, separation of nuclear membranes, reduction of ribosomal distribution, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed. In the younger embryos treated with relatively high doses of malathion, nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles of neurons were severely destroyed, and the neurons were shown to be necrotic. On cytochemical study of AChE by electron microscope, the positive reaction products of AChE were localized at the membranes of nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons. Inhibition of AChE activity was severe in groups treated with relatively low doses of malathion. Nicotinamide (5.0 mg/0.05 ml) alleviated malathion-induced morphological alterations. In conclusion, it is suggested that malathion changes the ultrastructure and reduces. AChE activity in differentiating neurons, and the severity of which is consistently dose- and age-dependent.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1998

모샘치아과의 한국고유종인 긴몰개 (Squalidus gracilis majimae)의 정자는 구형의 두부와 짧은 중편 및 긴 편모를 가지고 있으며 그 길이는 $36.6{\mu}m$이었다. 두부에는 다른 경골어류에서와 같이 첨체를 가지고 있지 않으며 핵은 $1.9{\mu}m$의 직경을 가지고 핵막 주변부에는 전자밀도가 낮은 염색질 부위를 포함하고 있었다. 핵와는 다른 잉어류에서와 같이 핵막이 얕게 함입되어 기부중심립만을 포함하고 있어서, 메기류의 기부 및 말단부 중심립을 포함하는 긴 핵와와는 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 두 중심립은 서로 약 $140^{\circ}$의 각도로 배열되어 있었다. 미토콘드리아는 중편세포질에 3층으로 배열되어 있으나 축사를 둘러싸고 있지 않으며 축사와는 세포질관에 의해 분리되어 있었다. 정자의 꼬리에 대한 핵의 위치와 미토콘드리아의 비대칭적 배열은 잉어과 정자의 공통된 특징으로 나타나며, 미토콘드리아가 분포된 중편세포질은 다른 잉어류에서보다 훨씬 풍부하였다. 긴몰개의 정자는 현재까지 밝혀진 잉어과의 정자중에서 세포질관의 길이가 가장 길고, 미토콘드리아의 수도 가장 많이 나타났다. 편모에는 lateral fins가 관찰되지 않았다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

바다빙어목(Osmeriformes), 바다빙어과(Osmeridae)에 속하는 빙어(Hypomesus nipponensis)의 성숙란 난막구조를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 빙어의 성숙란은 두 개의 난막으로 둘러싸여 있었으며 바깥쪽 난막의 외층은 한 층의 여포세포가 분포하고 있었고 안쪽의 난막 바깥쪽은 호염기성을 나타내는 구조물들이 배열하고 있었다. 난막의 단면을 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 두 개의 난막 중 바깥쪽 막은 전자밀도가 균일한 한 층으로 되어 있었고 안쪽막은 전자밀도가 높은 6층이 전자밀도가 낮은 5층에 의해서 분리되어 층상구조를 하고 있었다. 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 바깥쪽 막은 홈들이 관찰되었고 안쪽막 표면은 무정형의 구조물들이 산재하고 있었다. 또한 동물극 쪽에 한 개의 난문이 관찰되었다. 이상과 같이 빙어의 성숙란은 지금까지 보고된 경골어류의 경우 한 개의 난막으로 둘러싸여 있는데 비해서 두 개의 난막으로 둘러싸여 있다는 것은 매우 중요한 빙어의 종특이성을 나타내며 난막의 미세구조적 특징들은 종을 분류하는 데 이용될 수 있다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2014

Calcium has been associated with improved cold tolerance in many crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in leaf cell $Ca^{2+}$ distribution and cell organelle ultrastructure of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) plants in response to cold stress at $-3^{\circ}C$, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two loquat accessions, Zaozhong 6 (a commercial cultivar) and oakleaf loquat (a wild relative) were used. Cold tolerance, as measured by leaf browning rate, was higher in oakleaf plants, and calcium treatment improved cold tolerance in both species. Cold stress first induced inward transport of $Ca^{2+}$ from the intracellular space. Then, the imported $Ca^{2+}$ was aggregated around the chloroplast membrane, finally entering the chloroplast. This pattern of $Ca^{2+}$ distribution in leaf cells occurred earlier in Zaozhong 6 than in the wild loquat. With increasing time of cold exposure, the chloroplast membranes of Zaozhong 6 leaves were damaged, blurred and even disappeared, while those of wild oakleaf loquat leaves maintained their structure longer. In Zaozhong 6, cold stress induced a clear cavity between poorly structured granal thylakoids and vesicles appearing inside the chloroplast, while in oakleaf leaves cold stress had little effect on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts (although chloroplast membranes looked blurred). Loquat leaves accumulated free calcium ions around chloroplasts in response to cold stress, with earlier calcium accumulation occurring in the cold-sensitive cultivar Zaozhong 6 than in wild oakleaf loquat. These results demonstrate that these two loquat species have differences in both cold tolerance and calcium accumulation dynamics.