• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2017

By analysing the examination papers from third grade high school students, we classified the errors occurred in the problem solving process of high school 'Geometry and Vectors' into several types. There are five main types - (A)Insufficient Content Knowledge, (B)Wrong Method, (C)Logical Invalidity, (D)Unskilled Expression and (E)Interference.. Type A and B lead to an incorrect answer, and type C and D cannot be distinguished by multiple-choice or closed answer questions. Some of these types are classified into subtypes - (B1)Incompletion, (B2)Omitted Condition, (B3)Incorrect Calculation, (C1)Non-reasoning, (C2)Insufficient Reasoning, (C3)Illogical Process, (D1)Arbitrary Symbol, (D2)Using a Character Without Explanation, (D3) Visual Dependence, (D4)Symbol Incorrectly Used, (D5)Ambiguous Expression. Based on the these types of errors, answers of each problem was analysed in detail, and proper ways to correct or prevent these errors were suggested case by case. When problems that were used in the periodical test were given again in descriptive forms, 67% of the students tried to answer, and 14% described flawlessly, despite that the percentage of correct answers were higher than 40% when given in multiple-choice form. 34% of the students who tried to answer have failed to have logical validity. 37% of the students who tried to answer didn't have enough skill to express. In lessons on curves of secondary degree, teachers should be aware of several issues. Students are easily confused between 'focus' and 'vertex', and between 'components of a vector' and 'coordinates of a point'. Students often use an undefined expression when mentioning a parallel translation. When using a character, students have to make sure to define it precisely, to prevent the students from making errors and to make them express in correct ways.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2023

이 연구에서는 증강현실을 활용한 소집단 학습에서 나타나는 중학생의 지식 형성 담화의 유형과 지식 형성 과정을 탐색하였다. 서울시 소재의 남녀공학 중학교 2학년 학생 8명이 증강현실을 활용하여 용해도 개념, 끓는점과 녹는점 개념에 대한 소집단 학습에 참여하였다. 수업은 2차시에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며 모두 녹음 및 녹화하였다. 이후, 연구에 참여한 학생들은 반구조화된 면담에 참여하였다. 지식 형성 담화의 유형에서 지식 공유와 지식 구성의 비율은 비슷하게 나타났다. 지식 공유에서는 기초 수준의 토의, 증강현실의 핵심 요소 확인의 순으로 나타났고, 사전 지식의 회상은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 지식 구성에서는 심화 수준의 토의가 가장 높았고, 그다음으로 다른 수준에서의 공유 및 비판과 현재의 설명 수준을 넘어서려는 노력이 나타났으며, 두 요소의 비율은 유사하였다. 지식 공유의 하위 요소인 기초 수준의 토의와 증강현실의 핵심 요소 확인은 지식 구성의 하위 요소인 현재의 설명 수준을 넘어서려는 노력과 다른 수준에서의 공유 및 비판으로 발전되어 나타났다. 지식 형성 과정을 시각화했을 때, 모든 학생의 누적 영향 값 그래프는 우상향하는 형태로 나타났지만, 소집단별로 두 학생의 누적 영향 값은 차이가 나타나는 경우가 있었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 증강현실을 활용한 중학생의 소집단 학습 촉진 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2022

본 연구는 5, 6학년 수학 교사용 지도서의 도전 수학에 나타난 수학적 사고의 유형을 분석하여 교육적 시사점을 논하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 교수·학습 내용을 바탕으로 평가 및 육성이 가능한 수학적 사고의 유형을 정리하고, 수학적 사고를 분석하기 위한 틀을 구상한 뒤, 초등학교 5, 6학년 수학 교사용 지도서의 '도전 수학'에 나타나는 수학적 사고를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 우리나라 초등학교 5, 6학년 수학 교사용 지도서의 '도전 수학'은 계획 수립, 실행의 단계에서는 다양한 수학적 사고를 지도할 수 있는 여러 가지 유형의 문제로 구성이 되어있다. 다만 자세한 보조문항으로 인하여 의도된 수학적 사고만이 발현될 것이 우려되며, 스스로 수학적 사고를 유발할 수 있는지는 불분명한 경우가 많았다. 둘째, 교사용 지도서의 문제 이해 단계와 반성 단계의 발문이 매우 전형적으로 제시됨으로써 해당 단계에서는 다양한 수학적 사고를 유발하기 어렵다. 셋째, 교사용 지도서에는 수학적 사고에 대한 명시적 설명이 부족하며 추후 개발될 교사용 지도서에서는 수학적 사고에 대한 명시적 설명을 보완해 주는 것이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to investigate the prevalence & types of workplace violence toward nurses in hospitals, and to understand nurse's coping response, cause of violence and prevention strategy. Methods: The data were collected from 254 nurses working in 9 hospitals in Jeju Province by the self-report from June to August 2010. Results: The respondents experienced unpleasant or insulting words (89.8%), verbal threat (38.2%), physical threat (67.7%), physical injury (32.7%), severe physical injury (2.8%), and sexual harassment (26.4%) during the last one year. The frequent offenders were patients, patients' family and physicians in order. The causes of violence which nurses perceived were personality of offenders (76.4%), lack of assessment of aggressive patients or care givers (42.1%), and lack of explanation to patients or caregivers (33.5%). They reported that coping strategies for workplace violence were 'established reporting system (63.4%)', 'building a cooperative circumstances within team members (58.3%)', and 'formulation of hospital policies for violence prevention and coping (54.3%)'. Conclusion: These findings showed nurses are at considerable risk for workplace violence, and they experience various types of violence from patients, caregivers, and physicians. We suggest that hospitals formulate appropriate policies, guidelines and programs to prevent and cope with workplace violence in hospitals.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2005년도 e-Biz World Conference 2005
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• pp.55-61
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• 2005

We will introduce a new web-based knowledge management system in progress, in which XML-based web information extraction and our structuring knowledge technologies are combined using ontology-based natural language processing. Our aim is to provide efficient access to heterogeneous information on the web, enabling users to use a wide range of textual and non textual resources, such as newspapers and databases, effortlessly to accelerate knowledge acquisition from such knowledge sources. In order to achieve the efficient knowledge management, we propose at first an XML-based Web information extraction which contains a sophisticated control language to extract data from Web pages. With using standard XML Technologies in the system, our approach can make extracting information easy because of a) detaching rules from processing, b) restricting target for processing, c) Interactive operations for developing extracting rules. Then we propose a structuring knowledge system which includes, 1) automatic term recognition, 2) domain oriented automatic term clustering, 3) similarity-based document retrieval, 4) real-time document clustering, and 5) visualization. The system supports integrating different types of databases (textual and non textual) and retrieving different types of information simultaneously. Through further explanation to the specification and the implementation technique of the system, we will demonstrate how the system can accelerate knowledge acquisition on the Web even for novice users of the field.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.429-451
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• 2012

본 연구는 8명의 초임 초등 교사들을 대상으로 설문지와 전체 토의 과정에서의 응답을 중심으로 평면도형에 관한 학생들의 오류와 원인 그리고 오류에 대한 지도법 측면에서 교수학적 내용 지식을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 초임 교사들은 학생들의 오류 유형에 관해서 어느 정도 잘 예상하는 것으로 드러났지만, 그러한 오류의 원인에 대해서는 주로 학생들과 관련된 요인만 찾는 경향이 짙었다. 또한 오류에 대한 지도법에 관해서는 교사의 명확한 설명과 반복 그리고 학생들의 문제 풀이를 선호하였다. 한편, 수업 중 다양한 범례를 제시하거나 분류하기 그리기 만들기와 같은 활동의 중요성을 인식하였지만 이를 직접 실행하는 것에 대한 어려움을 토로하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 논문은 초임 초등 교사들의 전문성 발달 프로그램에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2009

In the era of the outcome-based education, multiple-choice test has been widely employed owing to its efficiency that enables educators to evaluate a quantity of students with much objectiveness. However, the prevalent test has not been reconsidered enough to overcome its apparent shortcomings: examiners' effort for developing plausible and faultless distracters defending from every falsification, and students' random guessing on key choices. For alleviating such defects, tiered test as an experimental format of multiple-choice tests has been suggested in science education. Since there has not accumulated much study on the implementation of tiered tests, our research aim is set to construct a framework suggesting statistical indexes for rationally discerning tiered units that develop an effective tiered test. Graded both by our tiered-scoring and by the conventional partial-scoring, the preliminary tiered test in secondary physics attests the improvement in its discrimination and difficulty distribution. The findings reveal that the two indexes discern effective tiered items: discrimination increase (Ct-p) and difficulty decrease (Dp-t). Based on the index information, 4 heterogeneous tier types are recommended in the content of secondary physics: directional manipulation, repeated calculation, diverse explanation, and plural variables.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-63
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• 1995

The exploration of Mathematics-learningmodel on the basis of Cognitive development The purpose of this paper is to sequenctialize Mathematics-learning contents, and to explore teaching-learning model for mathematics, with on the basis of the theory of cognitive development and the period of condservation formation for children. The Specific topics are as follows: (1) Systemizing those theories of cognitive development which are related to Mathematics - learning for children. (2) Organizing a sequence of Mathematics - learning, on the basis of experimental research for the period of conservation formation for children. (3) Comparing the effects of 4 types of teaching - learning model, on the basis of inference activity and operational learning principle. $\circled1$ Induction-operation(IO) $\circled2$ Induction-explanation(IE) $\circled3$ Deduction-operation(DO) $\circled4$ Deduction-explanation(DE) The results of the subjects are as follows: (1) Cognitive development theory and Mathe-matics education. $\circled1$ Congnitive development can be achieved by constant space and Mathematics know-ledge is obtained by the interaction of experience and reason. $\circled2$ The stages of congnitive development for children form a hierarchical system, its function has a continuity and acts orderly. Therefore we need to apply cognitive development for children to teach mathematics systematically and orderly. (2) Sequence of mathematical concepts. $\circled1$ The learning effect of mathematical concepts occurs when this coincides with the period of conservation formation for children. $\circled2$ Mathematics Curriculum of Elementary Schools in Korea matches with the experimental research about the period of Piaget's conservation formation. (3) Exploration of a teaching-learning model for mathematics. $\circled1$ Mathematics learning is to be centered on learning by experience such as observation, operation, experiment and actual measurement. $\circled2$ Mathematical learning has better results in from inductional inference rather than deductional inference, and from operational inference rather than explanatory inference.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

Background: The number of surgical risks recalled by a patient after surgery can be used as a parameter for assessing how well the patient has understood the informed consent process. No study has investigated the usefulness of a self-developed mobile application in the traditional informed consent process in patients with a nasal bone fracture. This study aimed to investigate whether delivery of information, such as surgical risks, through a mobile application is more effective than delivery of information through only verbal means and a paper. Methods: This prospective, randomized study included 60 patients with a nasal bone fracture. The experimental group (n=30) received preoperative explanation with the traditional informed consent process in addition to a mobile application, while the control group (n=30) received preoperative explanation with only the traditional informed consent process. Four weeks after surgery, the number of recalled surgical risks was compared for analysis. The following six surgical risks were explained: pain, bleeding, nasal deformity, numbness, nasal obstruction, and nasal cartilage necrosis. Results: The mean number of recalled surgical risks among all patients was $1.58{\pm}0.56$. The most frequently recalled surgical risk was nasal deformity in both groups. The mean number of recalled surgical risks was $1.72{\pm}0.52$ in the experimental group and $1.49{\pm}0.57$ in the control group. There was a significant association between mobile application use and the mean number of recalled surgical risks (p=0.047). Age, sex, and the level of education were not significantly associated with the mean number of recalled surgical risks. Conclusion: This study found that a mobile application could contribute to the efficient delivery of information during the informed consent process. With further improvement, it could be used in other plastic surgeries and other surgeries, and such an application can potentially be used for explaining risks as well as delivering other types of information.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2010

최근 화물수요모형에 화물자동차 투어행태를 반영하기 위한 접근방법이 제시되었다. 화물자동차 이동을 투어기반 접근방법으로 모형화 하기 위해서는 화물자동차 투어와 투어유형에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 본 연구는 화물자동차 투어유형을 왕복형 투어와 체인형 투어로 구분하여 이들 투어유형 선택행태를 분석하였다. 투어유형 선택행태를 분석하기 위한 방법으로는 의사결정나무(decision tree)와 로짓모형(logit model)을 이용하였다. 분석결과 화물자동차 투어유형을 분류하는 설명변수로 화물적재율, 평균화물량, 총화물량이 선정되었으며, 의사결정나무와 로짓모형이 유사한 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 소형과 중형 화물자동차의 투어유형을 분류하는 설명변수가 큰 차이를 보이지 않음에 따라 화물자동차 투어를 계획함에 있어 화물을 어떻게 적재할 것인지가 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 의사결정나무와 로짓모형의 예측력을 비교한 결과는 의사결정나무가 로짓모형에 비해 상대적으로 우수한 결과를 보였는데, 이는 화물자동차 투어유형을 분류함에 있어 로짓모형과 같이 설명변수의 선형적 결합에 의한 분류 보다는 의사결정나무와 같이 다수 설명변수들의 규칙조합으로 분류하는 것이 효과적임을 나타낸다.