• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.177-185
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• 2020

The spread of COVID-19 has caused confusion in the education field as it has led to the implementation of untact classes without preparation. The purpose of study is to find ways to effectively design and operate untact classes for tax accounting department. The survey and FGI were conducted on professors and learners. As a result, video classes through lecture shooting and PPT-based video conversion were the most utilized. Students prefer these two types most, because they can learn repeatedly regardless of time and space. The improvement measures are as follows. For video classes that reflect various characteristics of the subject, supporting for equipment and human resources is needed, and for professors, teaching support for untact classes and education on equipment manipulation is needed. Continuous Quality Improvement for untact classes should be overhauled. In the future, in-depth research is needed to various majors, this will help find ways of untact classes suitable for the characteristics of the subjects.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 2011

As a case study on the use of coteaching in science instruction for science-gifted elementary students, this paper analyzed the characteristics of coteaching science instruction for science-gifted elementary students by plan, performance, and reflection-evaluation stages of the classes. To do this, we observed two teachers' coteaching science instruction for science-gifted elementary students during twelve classes and analyzed the taped videos, their journals, and the transcripts for in-depth interviews with them. The results indicated that the characteristics of the coteaching science instruction, in the planning stage of the classes, showed improvement in the quality of the sciencegifted education programs, the reduction of the psychological burdens of developing the programs, and some efficiency loss due to the joint preparation of the classes. The characteristics in the performance stage of the classes include the seamless progression of the classes through the division of roles, the increase of the students' opportunity to explore, the supplement of the teachers' inadequate descriptions and the overlooked contents, the increase of the interaction between teachers and students and/or the interaction among students, the reduction of the risk of accidents in experiments, and the reduction of the responsibility for teaching. Finally, the characteristics in the reflectionevaluation stage of the classes could be attributed to the diversity of the evaluation viewpoints, the increase of the learning opportunities to develop the teaching professionalism, and the increase of the fear for assessing my own classes.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.307-331
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study was to explore latent trajectory classes in the longitudinal change of depression measured using CES-D. The study data was extracted from the Korea Welfare Panel Study Data collected from 2006 to 2010. It consisted of 8,900 adults with aged over 19. Growth Mixture Modeling(GMM) was used to explore possible latent trajectory classes in the change of depression over time. The major findings of the present study were as follows. First, there were five latent trajectory classes in the longitudinal change of depression. Second, there were 4 latent trajectory classes of depression for people in a non-poverty group, while there were 3 latent trajectory classes of depression for people in a poverty group. These findings lead to three conclusions. First, 12.1% of the sample shows that their depression level increases over time. Second, the previous research findings of decreased depression over time might be caused by the combination of two latent trajectory classes(a low level depression sustain group and a depression decrease group). Lastly, the latent trajectory classes in the longitudinal change of depression, which are found in the present study, might be caused by interactions among depression, age, and poverty status.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.250-273
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• 2020

The three-story stone pagodas in Hyeon-ri and Hwacheon-ri,Yeongyang Gyeongsangbuk-do are stone pagodas that exhibit the typical style of Unified Silla. The two pagodas are believed to have been built in the mid- and late 9th centuries at the latest, considering the style of the three-story roof stone on top of the double-tier base. This is also confirmed by the reliefs carved at the base and the first-story of the pagoda. The Four Heavenly Kings and the Twelve Zodiacal Animal Deities were first combined in the late 8th century in the stone pagoda at the Wonwonsa Temple Site, and the Eight Classes of Divine Beings was also the most popular carved pagoda reliefs in the 9th century. However, the two Yeongyang stone pagodas are characterized by a combination of the Four Heavenly Kings (1st story), the Eight Classes (top base), and the Twelve Zodiacal Animals (lower base), and the stone used for the pagoda consists of sedimentary rocks of the sandstone family, which comprise most of the geological strata in the Yeongyang area, rather than ordinary granite. The new combinations of the three types of guardian deities and the Eight Classes changed from seated to standing poses is interpreted as an attempt to enhance the Buddhist faith and cultural status of the Yeongyang area, along with the fact that the stone pagoda was built using local natural materials. The Eight Classes of the Yeongyang stone pagoda does not follow the two types of arrangement of the pagodas with the Eight Classes, but some of the deities have been relocated to a new location. Composed of AsuraGandharva on the east side, Naga-Mahoraga on the south, Deva-Garuda on the west, and Kimnara-Yaksa on the north, this form can be classified as a unique 'third layout of the Eight Classes' in the Yeongyang area. Such changes in the shape and posture of the reliefs reflect a new perception of the pagodas. The reason why the Gandharva and Yaksa statues were carved on the east and north sides, respectively, was because they were deemed subordinate to the Four Heavenly Kings, and the fact that the Naga and the Mahoraga were carved on the south side was presumed to have influenced the geographical location of the two pagodas on the northern side of Banbyeoncheon Stream. The Hyeon-ri and Hwacheon-ri three-story stone pagodas inherited the tradition of typical Unified Silla-period pagodas, while also bearing their own new regional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.289-313
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to improve the information literacy of elementary school students. For the study, three 4th grade classes of an elementary school in Daegu were provided a two-hour instruction about basic training on how to utilize information and school library, after which one of the three classes received 2 hours long weekly information literacy instructions associated with social studies and science curriculum for 20 weeks. The study, implemented in two phases with mid-term assessment, involved three interview sessions with students, two interview sessions with homeroom teachers, a general descriptive survey, a performance assessment and a follow-up survey.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.439-457
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• 1999

In this paper, we tried to find out what makes the students feel anxious to mathematics and the ways to decrease their anxiety by comparing two learning types, self-directed-learning and learning in a body, by means of continuous observation and interviews. To perform this study, two classes of self-directed-learning and other two classes of learning-in a body were chosen from the third year-students in Wando Middle School in Chollanamdo. In this study, we obtained the following results: 1. In high group in math grade, students in self-directed-learning are less anxious than students in learning-in a body. 2. In average group in math grade, students in self-directed-learning are much more anxious than students in learning-in a body. 3. In low group in math grade, both students in self-directed-learning and students in teaming-in a body feel anxious about math and there is no difference between them. 4. Anxiety about math hove positive influence on high group in math grade. 5. Anxiety about math have negative influence on average and low groups in math grade. Especially, low group students had no interests about mathematics because of their math anxiety. We observed that some students got over the math anxiety to some meaningful extent by means of interviews or appropriate advices, and became to have confidence and interests in mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the ecological attributes in the two types of urban park at Suwon and Goyang city. 'Directly linked park' is forests and rivers in the vicinity, it is capable of re-supply of the species and 'Isolated park' is forests and rivers apart, it is a difficult re-supply of the species. The result of assessment of the ecological attributes in the two types of urban park was analyzed as the percentage of 'Forest zone' was high, but the percentage of 'Area of permeable pavement' and 'Bush area' was low. 'The planting structure' was mostly 1-layer structure(47%) and 'Foreign tree species' is high by half the proportion. 'Age classes' were a 2-3age classes level, and 'Water body' could barely. Thus, ecological attributes degree was very low. In addition, results of investigation whether the difference of ecological attributes degree between the two types of urban park, also statistically analyzed that there is no difference. Therefore, when establishing the composition of the future plans of the city park, to take full account of the ecological situation in the surrounding parkland, and identify the ecological potential with the parkland. Next, it should be designed and planned of the park that fully utilizing the potential of this ecological attributes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of instruction with stories on elementary school students' science learning and memory. For the purpose, this researcher sampled 3 classes in their 3th grade from an elementary school. Out of the three classes, two were designated as the comparative group consisting of 70 students and the other, the experimental group, 32 students. The former group was applied instruction treatment under the 7th national curriculum of education. The other group was instructed with a story book that contained stories students already knew which were somewhat rearranged to comply with contents of a relevant curricular course. Results of the study can be described as follows. First, academic achievement test was made immediately after the treatment to show that the experimental group was significantly higher in scores for memory and understanding in the section of 'Finding Constellations' that the other group. Second, the two groups' academic achievements in relation to the section, 'Finding Constellations' were tested 3 months after the treatment to show that the experimental group was significantly higher in scores for memory and understanding than the comparative group. Such achievements within the groups were tested 3 months after the treatment to find that both of the two groups didn't show statistically significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2010

Due to diverse soil-forming environments and different purposes of the soil classification, numerous soil classification systems have been developed worldwide. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) and the Soil Taxonomy of the United States are well-known in Korea. However, the German Soil Systematics based on somewhat different principles from the two former systems is little-known. The objective of this paper is therefore to give a short overview of the principles of the German Soil Systematics. The German Soil Systematics consists of a six-level hierarchical structure which comprises soil divisions, soil classes, soil types, soil subtypes, soil varieties, and soil subvarieties. Soils in Germany are firstly classified into one of four soil divisions according to the soil moist regime: terrestrial soils, semi-terrestrial soils, semi-subhydric/subhydric soils, and peats. Terrestrial soils are subdivided into 13 soil classes based on the stage of soil formation and the horizon differentiation. Semi-terrestrial soils are differentiated into four classes regarding the source of soil moist: groundwater, freshwater, saltwater, and seaside. Semi-subhydric/subhydric soils are subdivided into two classes: semi-subhydric and subhydric soils. Peats are classified into two classes of natural and anthropogenic origins. Classes can be compared to orders of the U.S. Taxonomy. Classes are subdivided into 29 soil types with regard to soil forming-processes for terrestrial soils, into 17 types with regard to the soil formation for semi-terrestrial soils, into five types with regard to the content of organic matter for semi-subhydric/subhydric soils, and also into five types with regard to peat-forming processes for peats. The soil mapping units in Germany are types, which can be additionally subdivided into ca. 220 subtypes, several thousands of varieties and subvarieties using detailed nuances of morphologic features of soil profile. Soil types can be compared to great groups of the U.S. Taxonomy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

The aerial parts of Ephedra aphylla afforded two alkaloids belonging to two different classes. The first alkaloid, ephedradine C, belonging to the spermine alkaloid, a group characterized by its hypotensive effect. The other alkaloid, hordenine is a phenylalkylamine alkaloid isolated for the first time from Ephedra Species. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and the assignment of some carbons in ephedradine C was achieved based on 2 D-NMR experiments.