• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of incorporating supercritical carbon dioxide ($scCO_2$) into twin screw extrusion process for the production of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite (PPCN). The $CO_2$ is used as a reversible plasticizer which is expected to rapidly transport polymeric chains into the galleries of clay layers in its supercritical condition inside the extruder barrel and to expand the gallery spacings in its sub-critical state upon emerging from die. The structure and properties of the resulting PPCNs are characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), rheometry, thermogravimetry and mechanical testing. In the processing of the PPCNs with $scCO_2$, optimum $scCO_2$ concentration and screw speed which maximized the degree of intercalation of clay layers were observed. The WAXD result reveals that the PP/PP-g-MA/clay system treated with $scCO_2$ has more exfoliated structure than that without $scCO_2$ treatment, which is supported by TEM result. $scCO_2$ processing enhanced the thermal stability of PPCN hybrids. From the measurement of linear viscoelastic property, a solid-like behavior at low frequency was observed for the PPCNs with high concentration of PP-g-MA. The use of $scCO_2$ generally increased Young's modulus and tensile strength of PPCN hybrids.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.925-930
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• 2000

This paper is investigated the entrainment of air into sprays which has significant effects on the combustion efficiency, stability of flame using the air-assisted twin-fluid nozzle in non-burning. The factors which may be expected to affect the entrainment of air by a liquid spray are: Relative velocity of droplet and ambient gas; Drop size and size distribution; Density and other property of the liquid. Here, axial, radial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of spray droplet was measured with the PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry). Spray characteristics were also visualized using CCD camera. The results indicate that the entrainment rate increases more or less non-linearly with the downstream region.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.86-90
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• 1992

We have studied the characteristics of n-and p-channel FETs with submicron channel length fabricated by twin-well process. Threshold voltage variation and potential distribution with channel ion implantation conditions and impurity profile of n-and p-channel region wee simulated using SUPREM-II and MINIMOS 4.0 simulater, P-channel FET had buried-channel in the depth of 0.15 $\mu\textrm{m}$ from surface by counter-doped boron ion implantation for threshold voltage adjustment. As a result of device measurement, we have obtained good drain saturation characteristics for 3.3 [V] opreation, minimized short channel effect with threshold voltage shift below 0.2[V], high punchthrough and breakdown voltage above 10[V] and low subthreshold value.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 1996

강유전성 BaTiO3의 분역 구조를 이해하는 것은 폴링과정에 있어서 대단히 중요하면 대부분의 BaTiO3 세라믹스에서 흔히 발견되는 구조 쌍정 계면에서의 배향관계는 아직까지 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 {111} 쌍정을 이루고 있는 길정시편을 이용하여 편광현미경하에서 분역구조를 관찰하고, 열처리에 의하여 상전이되는 동안 {111} 쌍정과 강유전성 분역의 거동을 현미경하에서 직접적으로 관찰하였다. {111} 쌍정면 암측으로 대칭적 분역구조가 발될되며, 그 배열 형태는 'V'자 모양과 수직하게 관통하는 것처럼 직선 모양의 두가지 형으로 분류된다. 열처리에 의하여 새로운 분역구조가 형성될때 {111} 쌍정면 주위에서는 대칭적 관계를 유지하면서 분역이 발달되며, 분역형성에 기인하는 표면변형도 {111} 쌍정에 대하여 항상 대칭적으로 발달된다. 이는 {111} 계면에서도 분극반향이 바뀌어지며 "머리-꼬리"의 전지적 안정성의 배향관계를 유지하는 것으로 설명할 수 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2023

In urban construction projects, it is crucial to evaluate the impacts of excavation-induced ground movements in order to protect surrounding structures. These ground movements resulting in damages to the neighboring structures and facilities (i.e., parking basement) are of main concern for the geotechnical engineers. Even more, the danger exists if the nearby structure is an ancient or masonry brick building. The formations of cracks are indicators of structural damage caused by excavation-induced ground disturbances, which pose issues for excavation-related projects. Although the effects of deep excavations on existing brick masonry walls have been thoroughly researched, the impact of twin excavations on a brick masonry wall is rarely described in the literature. This work presents a 3D parametric analysis using an advanced hypoplastic model to investigate the responses of an existing isolated brick masonry wall to twin perpendicular excavations in dry sand. One after the other, twin perpendicular excavations are simulated. This article also looks at how varying sand relative densities (D_r = 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) affect the masonry wall. The cracks at the top of the wall were caused by the hogging deformation profile caused by the twin excavations. By raising the relative density from 30% to 90%, excavation-induced footing settlement is greatly minimized. The crack width at the top of the wall reduces as a result of the second excavation in very loose to loose sand (D_r = 30% and 50%). While the crack width on the top of the wall increases owing to the second excavation in medium to very dense sand (D_r = 70% and 90%).

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2016

Traditional construction method of the stern tube is difficult to control the process and needs excessive working hours. Recently in order to resolve these issues, stern tube unit has been installed for some commercial vessels. The stern tube unit is a monolithic structure of bush and related components. The purpose of this study is to carry out a feasibility study for application of the stern tube unit for a 174K twin skeg LNG carrier. In this study, a 19,000 TEU container carrier installing the stern tube unit has been selected to compare with the deformations of stern for a 174K twin skeg LNG carrier.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2005

Recently, an optical disc system has been proposed using blue laser diode, high NA objective lens and groove only disc structure. A new method is needed to readout CD and DVD in this Blu-Ray Disc Recorder. In order to readout CD and DVD in Blu-Ray Disc Recorder, we adopted dual-lenses actuator in consideration of optical utilization efficiency, optical performance and insurance of sufficient W.D(working distance). This dual-lenses actuator has two objectives in radial direction, one is for CD/DVD and the other is for BD. We had to solve the induced problems of collision between disc and lens, DC tilt increase, AC tilt increase, 2nd resonance deterioration and AC sensitivity drop caused by disposing two lenses in an actuator. Also we developed high response twin- objective actuator with radial tilt function to apply high-speed BD Recorder or BD Player. Consequently we presented that two kinds of dual-lenses actuators for BD Recorder have been possessed good performance in 3 axis directions. And we measured eye patterns of CD, DVD and BD by using one BD optical pick-up with dual-lenses actuator.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Twin target sputtering (TTS) system with a configuration of vertically parallel facing Al targets and a substrate holder perpendicular to the Al target plane has been designed to realize a direct Al cathode sputtering on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The TTS system has a linear twin target gun with ladder type magnet array for effective and uniform confinement of high density plasma. It is shown that OLEDs with Al cathode deposited by the TTS show a relatvely lower leakage current density $({\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}mA/cm^2)$ at reverse bias of -6V, compared to that ($1{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}$ $mA/cm^2$ at -6V) of OLEDs with Al cathodes grown by conventional DC magnetron sputtering. In addition, it was found that Al cathode films prepared by TTS were amorphous structure with nanocrystallines due to low substrate temperature. This demonstrates that there is no plasma damage caused by the bombardment of energetic particles. This indicates that the TTS system with ladder type magnet array could be useful plasma damage free deposition technique for direct Al cathode sputtering on OLEDs or flexible OLEDs.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2007

[ $0.35{\mu}m$ ]twin-well non-epitaxial CMOS 공정에서의 substrate noise에 의한 아날로그 회로의 성능 저하를 예측하기 위하여 substrate 저항을 모델링하였다. Substrate 저항 모델 방정식은 P+ guard-ring isolation에 적용되어 측정값과 일치함을 확인하였다. Substrate 저항을 네 가지 형태로 구분하고 각각에 대하여 semi-empirical 모델 방정식을 확립하여, 측정값과 비교하여 rms 오차가 10% 미만이 되었다. 이 substrate 저항 모델을 guard-ring에 의한 isolation 구조에 적용하기 위하여 모델 방정식과 ADS(Advanced Design System) 회로 시뮬레이션에 의한 결과와 Network Analyzer의 측정 결과를 비교하였고, 비교적 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2020

Two-dimensional Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) was carried out to investigate the uniform flow over a twin-box bridge deck (TBBD) with various gap ratios of L/C=5.1%, 12.8%, 25.6%, 38.5%, 73.3% and 108.2% (L: the gap-width between two girders, C: the chord length of a single girder) at Reynolds number, Re=4×104. The aerodynamic coefficients of the prototype deck with gap ratio of 73.3% obtained from the present simulation were compared with the previous experimental and numerical data for different attack angles to validate the present numerical method. Particular attention is devoted to the fluctuating pressure distribution and forces, shear layer reattachment position, wake velocity and flow pattern in order to understand the effects of gap ratio on dynamic flow interaction with the twin-box bridge deck. The flow structure is sensitive to the gap, thus a change in L/C thus leads to single-side shedding regime at L/C≤25.6%, and co-shedding regime at L/C≥35.8% distinguished by drastic changes in flow structure and vortex shedding. The gap-ratio-dependent Strouhal number gradually increases from 0.12 to 0.27, though the domain frequencies of vortices shedding from two girders are identical. The mean and fluctuating pressure distributions is significantly influenced by the flow pattern, and thus the fluctuating lift force on two girders increases or decreases with increasing of L/C in the single-side shedding and co-shedding regime, respectively. In addition, the flow mechanisms for the variation in aerodynamic performance with respect to gap ratios are discussed in detail.