• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

We examined the effects of fertilization [control (C), 200 kg N ha^{-1} + 25 kg P ha^{-1}$ (LNP), and 400 kg N $ha^{-1} + 50 kg P ha^{-1}$ (HNP)] on fine root (＜ 2 mm diameter) dynamics using monthly soil coring method in a 39-year-old Pinus rigida plantation of central Korea. The average fine root biomass (live + dead) (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) during the first growing season for C, LNP, and HNP was 1301 $\pm$ 54, 1084 $\pm$ 47, and 1328 $\pm$ 22, respectively. The fine root production (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) was 2394 $\pm$ 128 for C, 2048 $\pm$ 101 for LNP, and 2768 $\pm$ 150 for HNP, respectively. Over the same period, fertilization treatments had impact on N and P concentrations of live fine root. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg $ha^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$) into the soil through fine root turnover for C, LNP, and HNP were 16.6 and 0.9, 17.2 and 0.9, and 24.1 and 1.6, respectively. There were no significant differences in fine root biomass and production during the first growing season after fertilization. However, fertilization increased fine root N and P concentrations, and in consequence resulted in increased N and P inputs into soil through fine root turnover.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.43-62
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• 2010

This study provides an evidence on the determinants of the profitability of university hospital by analyzing university hospital-level data set of hospital performance during the year 2007 (32 university hospitals in total). For the study, a multiple regression model is employed in which profitability index obtained from the DEA computations, operating margin to total asset and gross revenue are used as the dependent variables, and a number of hospital operating characteristics are chosen as the independent variables such as ownership type, location, bed size, period of establishment, bed occupancy rate, admission ratio of outpatients, patients per medical specialist, personnel cost per patient, liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, total asset turnover, medical assistance rate and public indicator. First, the results indicate that the bed occupancy rate and liabilities to total assets are positively and significantly associated with operating margin to total asset. Second, number of beds, the bed occupancy rate and number of patients per medical specialist are positively and significantly associated with operating margin to gross revenue. Third, the bed occupancy rate, number of patients per medical specialist, liabilities to total assets, total asset turnover are positively and significantly associated with profitability index revealed from DEA.

• 도시과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2017

Although the supply of public parking lots in major cities is steadily increasing, there is still a shortage of parking spaces that take into account the characteristics of actual available parking spaces. These parking problems are caused by conflicts between users, illegal occupation and privatization of roads, interference with traffic roads, and business stagnation in commercial areas and illegal parking problems. In addition, despite various parking demand management policies and continuous supply of public parking facilities, the solution to the parking problem is uneasy due to increased construction costs and changes in social conditions. In order to solve this problem, it was judged that it would be necessary to utilize the existing public parking lots efficiently. Therefore, we collect the variables expected to affect the turnover, and use multiple regression models. The results are summarized as follows. Firstly, public parking lots can be classified into four types using utilization rate and turnover rate. Secondly, influencing factors are found including index of public transportation usage convenience, index of illegal parking, and land use characteristics in central commercial district. Thirdly, it was shown that there was little impact by the size of public parking lots, separation distance to subway distance, separation distance to bus stops, transfer zone, residential zone, and second-rated lots by parking costs. Finally, it is found that public parking lots can be improved by proving accessibility of public transit, enforcement of illegal parking, active approaches supporting public parking lots. It is also recommended that public parking cost rating system based mainly on land use characteristics should be remedied and rearranged.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2017

본 연구는 취업 전 간호대학생에게 적용된 실무중심 교육프로그램이 신규간호사의 임상수행능력, 비판적 사고와 이직율에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 실무중심 교육프로그램에 참여한 후 해당 병원에 취업한 간호사 와 실무중심 교육프로그램에 참여하지 않고 해당 병원에 취업한 간호사를 대상으로 실시한 단일군 전후설계 및 비동등성 대조군 사후설계 연구이다. 연구결과 취업 전 실무중심 교육프로그램에 참여한 간호사의 임상수행능력과 비판적 사고는 높게 나타났으며, 실무중심 교육프로그램에 간호사의 입사 후 1개월 이내 이직율은 감소하였다. 병원 취업 전 간호대학생때부터 실무중심의 교육프로그램을 운영하는 것이 중요하며 신규 간호사의 인적자원관리를 위해서 새롭게 시도한 실무중심 교육프로그램은 학교에서 학생의 임상실습 교과과정 개발과 병원에서 간호사 교육프로그램 개발 시 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 개인-환경적합성과 직무착근도가 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 대상자는 B, U 광역시 2개의 종합병원에서 6개월 이상 근무한 간호사 150명을 편의추출 하여 개인-직무적합성, 개인-조직적합성, 개인-상사적합성, 직무착근도와 이직의도 간의 인과관계를 파악하기 위하여 SPSS WIN 20.0과 AMOS 21.0 Program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 직무착근도에 유의하게 직접효과와 총효과가 있는 변수는 개인-직무적합성, 개인-조직적합성, 개인-상사적합성으로 나타났고 직무착근도를 76.3% 설명하였다. 이직의도에 유의하게 직접효과가 가장 큰 변수는 직무착근도로 나타났으며, 개인-직무적합성, 개인-조직적합성, 개인-상사적합성은 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 직무착근도는 이직의도를 36% 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 임상간호사의 개인-직무적합성, 개인-조직적합성, 개인-상사적합성을 높여주면 직무착근도가 높아지면서 이직의도가 줄어들어 이직률을 줄여 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 간호사를 대상으로 개인-환경적합성과 이직의도에 미치는 다양한 요인들에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 1967

In order to confirm whether acquired immunity or resistance can be developed by the repeated hookworm infections, the 150 mature actively moving filariform ancylostoma duodenale larvae obtained from the severe hookworm anemia patients were orally given to 8 healthy volunteers in three divided doses, 50 in each, at 5 day interval. Also the hematological changes as well as several ferrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$ were done and were compared with 10 controls. The clinical symptoms and signs were checked every day for the first 3 weeks and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment. The appearance of the ova in the stool was examined by the formalin ether method and the ova was counted by the Stoll's method. The following laboratory tests were done: 1) Red blood cell count, venous blood hematocrit(micromethod), hemoglobin count (cyanomethemoglobin method) were checked every 5 to 7 day interval. 2) Plasma iron concentration (Barkan's modified method) was determined every 2 to 3 week interval. 3) Radioisotope studies: a) Ferrokinetics: Huff et al and Bothwell's method were applied. Erythropoietic Index (% of normal)=$\frac{Subject's\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood{\times}100}{Average\;normal\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood}$ of the gastrointestinal absorption of iron: Radioiron($^{59}Fe$) balance b) Quantitative measurement method was applied. c) Determination of the plasma erythropoietin activity: Fried's method was applied. Following were the results: 1) The serum iron level was lower. The red cell volume was decreased, but with relative increase of plasma volume. 2) The plasma iron disappearance time was accelerated and the plasma iron turnover rate was decreased. The red cell iron turnover rate was markedly increased, while all of the red cell iron concentration, circulating red cell iron. plasma iron pool were decreased. The daily iron pool turnover and red cell renewal rate were increased. 3) The erythropoietic index, erythropoietin activity and intestinal absorption of iron($^{59}Fe$) were markedly increased. 4) The infectivity was $9.8{\pm}1.31%$ which was lower than that observed in the single infection. 5) From these observations, it is concluded that the hookworm anemia is essentially iron deficieny in its origin and some immunity acquisition is possible with repeated infections.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2011

The influence of high temperature on mammary cell turnover during the dry period is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate mammary cell turnover and p53 protein expression in the mammary tissue under high temperature conditions. Mammary gland biopsy samples from 8 dairy cows were obtained at 7, 25, 40, and 53 d during the dry period in summer or spring (n = 4, each season). Cell cycle, cell turnover, and p53 protein expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. During the dry period in summer, the percentage of mammary epithelial cells in the G0/G1 phase was the highest, but those in the S and G2/M phases were lower. However, the proportion of cells in the different stages of the cell cycle was not significantly different among the different biopsy time points, except in the G2/M phase. Under different temperature conditions, the cells were significantly different in their apoptotic rate and proliferation index; moreover, the tendencies of these indicators to change significantly differed. In general, the samples under high temperature conditions showed significantly lower apoptotic rates and proliferation indices. Under high temperature conditions, the apoptotic rate and proliferation index were the lowest (2.17% and 3.26%, respectively) at day 40, and the highest at day 53 (3.67% and 4.61%, respectively). However, under normal temperature conditions, the values of these indicators were the lowest (7.60% and 5.54%, respectively) at day 7, and almost the highest at day 25 (12.85% and 6.47%, respectively). Moreover, p53 protein expression was significantly higher under high temperature conditions than under normal temperature conditions, except at day 25. The level of p53 protein was the lowest (13.10%) under high temperature conditions at day 25, but was the highest (26.07%) under normal temperature conditions. Our findings suggest that high temperature delayed the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and the cell turnover rate, but remarkably increased p53 protein expression. Thus, the results indicate that high temperature extends the recovery period of mammary epithelial cells.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2015

In many inventory situations, items for sales are generally stocked in a multiple of variations called stockkeeping units, such as size, color, style, and so on. For better management performance on sales items, proper and effective management is necessary for the stockkeeping units. In dealing with many items and those stockkeeping units, individual inventory analysis for each stockkeeping unit needs large amount of time or cost. Also the individual approach in inventory planning increases the demand variation of an item as the result by combining of demand variations of all stockkeeping units, accordingly the inventory turnover ratio and profitability are dropped down. This research suggests an effective method of systematic control of total stockkeeping units by generating from the total item basis, and shows how to reduce the safety stock and the average inventory with attaining a planned customer fill rate of the item and each stockkeeping units.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2001

One of the most important justifications of conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity is that diversity begets stability. Impact of biodiversity on community and ecosystem function has long been debated in science. Here we report the stability analysis of soil oribatid mite communities from environmentally stressed habitat(Namsan) and relatively well preserved habitat (Kwangreung) with the perspective of consistency as a primary criteria of stability. Stability of oribatid mite communities were evaluated with turnover rate, constancy analysis, b diversity index, and absolute abundance, abundance ranking, and the presence or absence of species over time. Out of 6 criteria, three consented that oribatid community from Kwangreung was more stable than that from Namsan. Those are turnover rate in litter layer, constancy analysis, and absolute abundance. Feasibility of stability analysis using oribatid mites was further discussed, rendering further study.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-65
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• 1999

This study was attempted to identify the factors affecting profitability of general hospital in Kyung-In Region. Operating profit to gross revenues and net profit to gross revenues were used as a proxy indicator for profitability of hospitals. The unit of analysis was hospital, and the data were collected 5 years data from 20 hospitals. The major findings are as follows; (1) The average operating profit rate was 1.03% and the net profit rate was -5.00% in twenty hospitals in the Kyung-In Region for the last five years. In terms of maximum surplus, the operating profit rate was 14% and net profit rate was 3.40%. In terms of maximum loss revenue, the operating profit rate was -16.56% and the net profit rate was -22.83%. (2) Since the year 1993, which was the starting year of this study, the operating profits and the net profits consistently decreased. (3) Analyzing the difference in profits among various hospital groups, the tertiary hospital group and the 501-1000 beds group exhibited the highest in operating profit rate. Also, among the higher grade number of beds in hospital group, per 100 beds group, the 41-50 beds group exhibited the highest in operating profit rate. There is a statistically significant difference in those groups(p<0.05, p<0.01). (4) In the health care delivery system, the profit gain in the secondary hospital was 51.5% and in the tertiary hospital was 72.4%. Based on the number of beds in each hospital group, the highest profit gain was 75.0% in the over 1001 beds group, and 71.4% in the 501-1000 beds group. Also, among the higher grade number of beds in hospital group, per 100 beds group, the 41-50 beds group exhibited 88.6% surplus. (5) According to the surplus difference based on the analysis of health care utilization, a group with over 31 patients in bed turnover rate, a group with over 96% in bed occupancy rate and group with over 9% in emergency cases to outpatient visits exhibited the highest profit gains. In addition, a group with over 301 patients in daily outpatient visits per 100 beds and group with 11-12 days average length of stay exhibited the highest profit gains. These results are statistically significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). (6) According to a stepwise regression analysis, the variables measuring the bed turnover rate, number of licensed beds, and number of outpatient visits per specialist explain 34.1% of the variation in operating profits. In terms of net profits, the new outpatient visits, the bed turnover rates and the number of general bed variables explain 30.6%. These results are statistically significant(p<0.01).