• Ocean Science Journal
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.179-192
• /
• 2007

Understanding in climate effects on marine ecosystem is essential to utilize, predict, and conserve marine living resources in the 21st century. In this review paper, we summarized the past history and current status of Korean fisheries as well as the changes in climate and oceanographic phenomena since the 1960s. Ocean ecosystems in Korean waters can be divided into three, based on the marine commercial fish catches; the demersal ecosystem in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the pelagic ecosystem in the Tsushima Warm Current from the East China Sea to the East/Japan Sea, and the demersal ecosystem in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea. Through the interdisciplinary retrospective analysis using available fisheries, oceanographic, and meteorological information in three important fish communities, the trend patterns in major commercial catches and the relationship between climate/environmental variability and responses of fish populations were identified. Much evidence revealed that marine ecosystems, including the fish community in Korean waters, has been seriously affected by oceanographic changes, and each species has responded differently. In general, species diversity is lessening, and mean trophic level of each ecosystem has decreased during the last $3\sim4$ decades. Future changes in fisheries due to global warming are also considered for major fisheries and aquaculture in Korean waters.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2010

Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) supports a decision-making process such as establishment of environmental quality criteria. Soil quality criteria (SQC) are essential to protect soil organisms from the exposure to various soil contaminants. In this study, ERA methodologies of advanced countries for soil pollution were extensively compared to propose the ERA approach suitable for soil ecosystem in Korea. The soil ERAs in European Chemical Bureau(ECB), The Netherlands, and Canada can be classified as deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA), and probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). We propose three ERA methods according to abundance and reliability of soil ecotoxicity data. The method considered land use such as residential/agricultural, and industrial/commercial uses. The taxonomic groups of soil organism were classified as 'Class' level including different trophic levels (Magnoliopsida or Liliopsida, Clitellata, and Insecta or Secernentea). This study can be used to estimate the soil quality criteria to protect soil biota.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2015

Plants grown in metal-contaminated sites have to be managed and disposed of safely even in phytoremediation because heavy metals can be transferred to other organisms through the food chain, which could result in bioaccumulation in organisms of a higher trophic level. However, if the harvested plants could be used for bioenergy, the ecological risk is reduced and phytoremediation improves economic feasibility. This study researched the effects of EDDS (Ethylenediamine disuccinate) on the heavy metal uptake performance of Brassica campetris and Sorghum biocolor, both of which have potential as bioenergy plants. The results showed that EDDS could increase Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn concentrations in the roots and shoots of both of these plants. Furthermore, EDDS reduced the metal inhibition of the S. bicolor length growth. The translocation factors (TF) of S. bicolor and B. campestris are smaller than one for all five heavy metals tested and decreased by the following order: heavy metal + EDDS > heavy metals only > uncontaminated soil. The results suggest that with regard to plant growth and metal accumulation, S. bicolor treated with EDDS is more suitable than is B. campestris for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with multiple metal species.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.2025-2036
• /
• 2000

부영양화 호소의 수질관리를 위한 물리화학적 처리공정-초고속응집침전(URC) 공정의 적용가능성을 확인하기 위해 인하대학교내에 있는 위락용 소형호소인 인경호를 대상으로 pilot plant 규모의 실험이 수행되었다. URC 공정은 부영양화를 억제할 수 있는 주요인자인 총인을 95%이상 제거할 수 있도록 특별하게 설계되어졌다. 실험기간 중 총인과 클로로필-a를 기준으로 하는 Carlson의 호소영양상태지수는 운전 전 각각 70과 73에서 운전 후 약 55로 개선되었다. 또한 응집처리에 의해 유출수내에 존재할 수 있는 잔류 알루미늄과 추가적으로 주입되는 가중응집제와 고분지응집제에 의한 Photobacterium phosphoreum의 잠재적인 독성영향이 명가되었으며 실험결과 응집 유출수는 형광 미생물에게 어떠한 영향($EC_{50}$-15min)도 미치지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. URC 공정의 운전 이후 인경호는 국내 호소 수질환경기준 II등급으로 투명도를 회복할 수 있었으며, 보다 큰 호소의 수질관리를 위한 URC 공정의 적용이 기대된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.359-366
• /
• 2014

합리적이며 효율적인 토양환경관리를 위해 대상 지역 혹은 국가의 상황과 조건에 적합한 토양생태위해성평가 기법을 개발하여 적극적으로 활용해야 한다. 우리나라의 경우도 수용체 중심의 환경정책이 본격화됨에 따라, 국내 실정에 맞는 토양생태위해성평가 기법의 개발이 요구되는 실정이다. 한편, 토양생태위해성평가는 다양한 영양단계 내 서식종의 독성자료를 필요로 하며, 독성자료 성격에 따라 예측무영향농도(Predicted No Effect Concentration, PNEC)를 산출하여 이용한다. 그러므로 독성자료 산출에 이용되는 시험종은 합리적이고 신뢰성 높은 위해성평가와 밀접한 연관성을 가진다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 합리적이며 신뢰성 높은 국내형 토양생태위해성평가를 위해 필요한 국내 서식종을 선별하는 것이다. 구리와 니켈을 대상물질로 설정하였으며, 해당 오염물질의 독성자료를 수집하고, 국제 표준기관(ASTM, OECD, USEPA)에서 제시하는 표준 시험종을 조사하였다. 대상 시험종들은 영양단계별로 구분한 후 학술연구와 정부보고서, 생물도감 등을 통해 국내 서식종을 선별하였다. 본 연구결과. 표준시험종과 대상 물질 독성시험종은 각각 166, 120종으로 확인되었으며, 이 중 국내 서식종은 40, 17종인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 국내 특성을 반영한 국내 서식종 선별자료를 아울러 제시하여 국내형 토양생태위해성평가 기법 수립의 기반을 조성하고자 하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.1703-1718
• /
• 2014

An eco-friendly integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) farming technique was developed with the goal of resolving eutrophication by excess feed and feces as fish-farming by-products. A variety of seaweed species were tried to remove inorganic nutrients produced by fish farming. However, there have been few trials to use Sargassum fulvellum in an IMTA system, a species with a relatively wide distribution across regions with various habitat conditions, great nutrient removal efficiency and importance for human food source and industrial purposes. In this regard, our study tried to examine feasibility of using S. fulvellum in an IMTA system by analyzing growth characteristics of the species in an IMTA system comprising of rockfish (Sebastes shlegeli), sea cucumber (Stichopus japonocus) and the tried S. fulvellum (October 2011 - November 2012). We also monitored environment conditions around the system including current speed, water temperature and inorganic nutrient level as they may affect growth of S. fulvellum. S. fulvellum in the IMTA system, which were $15.72{\pm}5.67mm$ long at the start of the experiment in October 2011, grew to a maximum of $1093{\pm}271.13mm$ by May 2012. In September, seaweed growth was reduced to a minimum of $280{\pm}70.43mm$ in length. Then, S. fulvellum began to grow again reaching $325{\pm}196.19mm$ by November 2012. Wet weight of the seaweed was $4.01{\pm}1.89g$ at the start of the experiment and reached a maximum of $109.26{\pm}34.23g$ in May. The weight gradually declined to a low of $15.12{\pm}8.40g$ in September 2012. Weight began to increase once more, rising to $39.27{\pm}21.69g$ by November. During the experiment, the average velocity at the surface and the bottom was 6.5 cm/s and 3.4 cm/s, respectively. The water temperature ranged $5.0-23.5^{\circ}C$, which was considered suitable for growing S. fulvellum. Results of the study indicated no significant differences in inorganic nutrients between pre- and post-IMTA installation. It was thus concluded that S. fulvellum can be a suitable seaweed species to be used in an IMTA system.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.172-182
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 2007년 만경강의 중 상류의 3개 지점을 선정하여 어류의 길드특성 및 조직별 수은 함량을 분석하였다. 어류의 종조성 분석에 따르면 7과 26종이 채집되었으며, 주요 우점종은 갈겨니(47%)로 수질오염에 쉽게 사라지는 민감종(Senstive species)이 우점하였다. 상류의 S1지점은 균등도 및 종 다양도가 낮게 나타났으나 그 밖의 2개의 지점들에서는 종다양도 및 풍부도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 내성도 길드 분석에 의하면 S1과 S2 지점에서는 민감종의 비율이 각각 70%, 42%을 보였으나 반면 공단이나 도심지의 점오염원에 의해 영향을 받는 S3 지점은 민감종의 비율 감소(1%) 및 내성종의 비율(60%)이 증가하였다. 트로픽 길드 분석에서는 충식종의 비율이 S1에서 S3으로 갈수록 감소하였다. 이런 특성은 유기물질 (BOD, COD), 영양염류 (TN, TP), 전기전도도, 대장균수 및 부유물질에 근거한 이 화학적 수질 평가 결과와 일치하였다. 물리적서식지평가 (QHEI)는 3지점에서 모두 '양호'상태로 나타나 물리적 서식지가 양호한 상태일지라도 수질에 의해 어류의 종구성이 달라질 수 있음을 나타냈다. 어류의 조직 (tissue) 내의 총 수은 함량 분석에 따르면, 평균 농도는 149.6 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$로서 식약청의 기준(500 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$)에 따르면 어류 건강성에 영향을 줄만한 농도는 아닌 것으로 평가되었다. 각 조직별 수은 농축도는 근육에서 가장 높았고, 신장, 척추, 간, 아가미의 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2008

해양생태독성평가를 위한 공정시험방법으로서 해양생태계의 분해자, 기초생산자 및 소비자를 대표하는 6개 생물군을 이용하여 각각의 생물에 대한 생태독성시험용 표준시험방법(standard methods)을 개발 또는 정립하였다. 본 시험방법은 미환경보호국, 국제기구 및 유럽국가의 표준시험방법을 참고하였으며, 독성시험에 사용되는 표준시험생물은 우리나라에 서식하는 해양성 또는 광염성 생물(euryhaline species)로 선정하였다. 각 시험방법은 표준시험생물의 배양 및 사육, 시험방법 및 과정, 시험의 재현성 및 적합도 기준 등을 포함한다. 표준시험생물은 총 9종으로서 해산발광박테리아(Vibrio fischeri), 해산규조류(Skeletonema costatum), 녹조구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa), 해산윤충류(Brachionus plicatilis), 저서요각류(Tigriopus japonicus), 저서단각류 2종(Mandibulophoxus mai and Monocorophium acherusicum) 및 어류 2종(Oryzias latipes and Paralichthys olivaceus)을 포함한다. 표준시험생물은 해양생태계의 기초생산자, 분해자 및 소비자를 대표하며, 생태독성 시험시 각 영양 단계별 최소 1종을 포함하는 총 3종의 "battery test"를 권장한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.144-154
• /
• 2007

The acute and chronic toxicity of ambient and effluent water discharged to Lake Shihwa were investigated by using Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. Physicochemical characteristics including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nine heavy metals in a total of 15 water samples were evaluated and were satisfied with relevant Korean Water Quality Standards (KWQS) except for Hg in one sample. Acute toxicity was observed in five samples collected from three sampling locations. When impacts on reproduction and growth after chronic exposure were evaluated with D. magna, all the samples showed significant chronic effects. Reproduction appeared relatively more sensitive endpoint. In 21 days chronic tests on O. latipes, survival, mean egg number per female per day, hatching success rate and time to hatch were affected by increasing sample concentration. The organ-level changes such as gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI), and molecular biomarker of vitellogenin (Vtg) induction that evaluated with O. latipes increased as exposure concentrations increased. It is noteworthy that the samples that did not exceed the KWQS resulted in acute and chronic toxicities. The results suggested that numeric criteria based on physicochemical parameters may not be protective of aquatic ecosystem. Acute and chronic toxicity tests with organisms representing different trophic groups should be supplemented in order to provide adequate level of environmental protection.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.431-444
• /
• 2020

The relationship between dam construction and water quality has recently come to be considered an important issue. A dam is a physical factor which causes changes to the river system around it. Considering these points, this study was conducted to obtain basic data by analyzing the relationship between water level fluctuations and water quality parameters in the short-term. In terms of methodology, the new construction of the Yeongju Dam (M5) in 2016 was divided into Stage 1 as the lotic system and Stage 2 as the lentic system, with four years in each period, and the water level fluctuations and water quality were analyzed using official data. As a result of this study, M5, a stagnant area in which organic matter and nutrients accumulate, was found to be an important factor in water quality management. In addition, the water level changed rapidly (0.9±0.2 m → 10.9±7.1 m) as the river environment condition was converted from the lotic system to the lentic system. In addition, water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, TOC, and Chl-a significantly changed in the short-term. Further, since the transport of organic matter and nutrients occurred well in the lotic system, sedimentation was expected to be dominant in the lentic system. Therefore, it was determined that when the river flow is blocked, autochthonous organic matter is an important factor for long-term water quality management in the future. This process can increase the trophic state of the water body. As a result of this study, the TSI_KO value was converted from mesotrophic in Stage 1 to eutrophic in Stage 2. Eventually, short-term changes in the river environment will affect not only changes in water level but also changes in water quality. Thus, a comprehensive and strategic approach is needed for long-term water quality management in the future.