• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

Objectives : We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan2(GGH(2)) on body weight and examined whether blood triglyceride levels and visceral fat are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(2)-1, GGH(2)-2 and GGH(2)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(2) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : 1. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(2)-3. 2. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio, the magnitude of which was prominent in GGH(2)-3. 3. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower blood plasma triglyceride level. 4. Blood plasma AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by GGH(2), indicating GGH(2) do not show any toxic effects. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(2), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(2) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(2). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that GGH(2) effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood plasma triglyceride level and improves abdominal fat.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Sorbus commixta Hedl. fruit extracts on the lipid metabolism in rats. Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups; Sprague-dawley rats were fed either diets containing 1% of water extracts(WE group), 1% methanol extracts(MeOH group) and diets without extracts(Control group) during 4 weeks. Food intake, weight gain and liver weight were not shown in meaning full difference among the groups. The concentration of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in WE and MeOH group compared to control group. Serum HDL-cholesterol, phospholipids and glucose contents were slightly lower in WE and MeOH group than control group. The levels of liver triglyceride was significantly decreased in MeOH group compared to control group. The levels of total cholesterol and phospholipids in liver were significantly lower in WE and MeOH group than control group.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.210-215
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• 2002

To elucidate the effect of water and methanol extracts of Cordyceps militaris, Paecilomyces japonicus and their mycelin on diabetes and organs in STZ-induced diabetic rats, weight of organs (liver, kidney, spleen, thymus), plasma level of blood glucose, total protein, triglyceride, free fatty acid, hepatic total protein, triglyceride and glycogen were determined as compared with those of negative control group. The blood glucose level of CM-1 and CM-M group showed significantly reduced, and all groups except CM-2 increased in body weight. CM-1 decreased the liver weight, and PJ-2 decreased the kidney weight. In all groups except PJ-2, plasma total protein level was increased, and the triglyceride, and CM-3 and CM-H decreased the free fatty acid was decreased in CM-3, PJ-1 and PJ-2 treated groups. In hepatic tissue, total protein was significantly increased in CM-H and CM-M treated group, and in all groups except CM-2, the triglyceride were significantly decreased and glycogen was increased. In conclusion, CM-1 and CM-M that possess potential antidiabetic activity increased glycogen and lowered serum glucose level, thus they might improve metabolic disorder originated from diabetes by increasing serum protein and reducing excess triglyceride in serum and liver tissue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.932-937
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• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang (CK) on the weight gains, serum and hepatic lipids levels were investigated in adult female rats fed the cholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley strain rats were given four different types of diet for 4 weeks, respectively: a normal diet, a control diet (10% fat + 0.5% cholesterol), a 5% or 10% CK diets (control diet + 5% or 10% CK powder). The body weights, food intake and food efficiency ratios, and the uterine fat pad weights of 5% CK and 10% CK groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower of the 10% CK group than those of the control group. The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the 10% CK group compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly increased in the 10% CK group compared with those in the control group. The fecal total lipid excretion of the 5% and 10% CK groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that the 10% cheonggukjang feeding decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index ratios in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.743-749
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of fermented Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas) on lipid metabolism in orotic acid-induced fatty liver model rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four dietary groups (n=6 per group): a normal (N) group fed a standard diet only, OA control, OA acid plus 5% (w/w) A. gigas (OAG), and OA plus 5% (w/w) fermented A. gigas (OFAG). OA treatment induced enlargement of the liver and accumulation of hepatic triglycerides. The consum ption of fermented A. gigas reduced triglyceride concentrations in the liver and increased the serum lipid concentrations to normal levels. Furthermore, OA treatment significantly decreased serum triglyc eride concentrations without diminishing mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protei n (MTP) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Hepatic MTP mRNA expression increased 1.08-fold in response to OA treatment, despite triglyceride accumulation in the liver relative to that of the normal group. OFAG administration was slightly lower as compared to the OA treatment. This result suggests that MTP mRNA expression is not always correlated with hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the OA-induced fatty liver model. However, PDI mRNA expression was significantly increased in the OAG and OFAG groups (1.62-fold and 1.63-fold, respectively) compared with the normal group. The hepatocytes in the OA group contained numerous large fat droplets. These were slightly reduced in the OFAG group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 1986

This study was designed to observe the effects of dietary P/S ratio on lipid component in plasma and tissues. Changes in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and also cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver, small intestine and aorta were determined in adult rats fed experimental diets providing different dietary P/S ratios as 0.05, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Feed efficiency ratio was not significantly different among six groups at 2nd week. But at 4th week, the higher the dietary P/S ratio the higher the feed efficiency ratio. 2. Plasma cholesterol level was getting higher as increased dietary P/S ratio at 2nd week, But that was significantly decreased as P/S ratio increased at 4th week. 3. Plasma triglyceride level was significantly decreased as increased dietary P/S ratio at 4th week. 4. Cholesterol concentrations in liver and small intestines were getting higher as increased dietary P/S ratio at 4th week, But aortas cholesterol concentration was not influenced by P/S ratio. 5. Triglyceride concentrations in liver and small intestines were significantly increased as increased dietary P/S ratio. On the contrary, triglyceride concentration in aortas was not influenced by P/S ratio.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-181
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• 1984

The present study was directed to define the triglyceride composition of pine nut oil. The triglycerides were separated from pine nut oil by thin layer chromatography, and fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography on the basis of partition numbers. Each of these collected fractions were fractionated again by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) according to the acyl carbon number of the triglyceride, and fatty acid composition of the triglyceride was also analyzed by GLC. The pine nut oil consisted of thirty two kinds of triglycerides, and the major triglycerides of pine nut oil were those of $(C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;34.9%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;10.8%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;9.9%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1}\;;\;6.5%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;6.3%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;4.8%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;3.3%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;2.7%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;2.6%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;2.2%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;1.9%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2}\;;\;1.7%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1}\;;\;1.7%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{18:3}\;;\;1.5%)$.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

Objectives : Depression is a common mental illness and a major cause of suicide. Although serum lipids have been associated with depression and suicide, there has been much debate. In this study, we investigated the relationship between depression, suicide, and serum lipids in patients admitted with depressed mood. Methods : A total of 134 subjects were divided into 86 non-suicide patients and 48 suicide attempters. The serum lipid levels and sub-scores of the Korean Symptom Checklist-95 (KSCL95) were compared. We also investigated the relationship between serum lipids and sub-scores of KSCL95 and investigated whether serum lipids were risk factors for suicide attempts. Results : There was no difference in serum lipids between the two groups. Among the sub-items of KSCL95, obsession was higher in non-suicide group. Triglyceride showed positive correlations with anxiety, phobic anxiety, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, and self-regulation problem. High triglyceride was a risk factor for suicide attempts. Conclusions : Triglyceride is associated with depression, anxiety, and self - regulation, and high serum triglyceride levels may be a risk factor for suicide attempts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2019

Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh is a marine brown algae widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic effects. In this study, we determined the effects of ethanol extract of Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh (EESH) on anti-obesity activities in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our results indicated that treatment with EESH decreased the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by a decrease in lipid droplet content observed by oil red O staining. The concentrations of cellular triglycerides were also reduced in 3T3-L1 cells after treatment with EESH. Triglyceride content was inhibited by 13%, 16%, and 23% after treatment with 250, 500, and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of EESH in 3T3-L1 cells, respectively. Western blotting analysis showed that EESH suppressed adipogenic transcription factor expression in a dose dependent manner. Specifically, it suppressed cytidine-cytidine-adinosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT) /enhancer binding proteins $(C/EBP){\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\gamma}$. This indicated that EESH could control the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and inhibit the differentiation of adipocytes. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that EESH showed anti-obesity effects and could have potential uses in the field of nutraceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.813-819
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• 2010

The intracellular lipid droplets were stained with Oil Red O dye and quantified. Compared to the control, lipid accumulation was significantly decreased by 19.4% with the treatment of LCM at the concentration of $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) level was also reduced by 21% at the concentration of $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL. To determine the mechanism for the reduction in TG content, levels of glucose uptake and glycerol release were measured. Incubation of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes with LCM did not affect the cellular uptake of glucose. However, the level of free glycerol released into the cultured medium drastically increased by 24.3% with the treatment of LCM. In subsequent measurements using quantitative real-time PCR, mRNA levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) except lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated at higher concentration. These results suggest that LCM partially stimulates the lipolysis through the induction of HSL and/or ATGL gene expression, resulting in the reduced lipid accumulation and increased glycerol release.