• Korean Security Journal
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• no.61
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• pp.307-332
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• 2019

Recently, our society has been changing its population structure due to low birth rate along with the extension of life span due to the development of medical environment and improvement of living environment. It was not long before the population became older, and the problem of the elderly was amplified by generational conflict. The current generation of senior citizens could not afford to prepare for their own retirement income due to their children's education, marriage and housing problems, and is a generation alienated from the benefits of public income security. In addition, not only are they in poverty with rapid industrialization, informatization and economic instability, but they are also threatened with livelihood. The increase in elderly crimes arising from the elderly, who are less adaptable to our society dominated by materialism, is being highlighted as a new social issue. In this study, we are going to analyze the causes of violent and violent senior citizens' crimes in quality along with quantitative growth, and present criminal situations and preventive measures using 10 years of data, judging that this is a time when a national response is needed through a social discussion on crimes committed by senior citizens in our society, where the pace of aging is unprecedentedly fast in the world In order to achieve this research objective, various opinions and statistical data of our society where the standards of senior citizens are changing were reviewed, and analysis of crimes was conducted on literature utilizing data of the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office, the National Police Agency, and the National Statistical Office, recent press releases, and existing research materials. In this study, we will diagnose crimes committed by senior citizens in various aspects, including the characteristics of the elderly and the view of the elderly in the present society, and explore the direction of development for the prevention of future crimes as well.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2006

This paper examines the interplay among changes in socioeconomic conditions, population policies, and fertility decline during $1960{\sim}2000$ in South Korea. Period-parity-progression-ratios (PPPR) are calculated using 2% samples of Population Census with the implied distribution of completed family size. The total fertility rate based on PPPR declined from 5.21 in 1960 to 2.76 in 1980, and 1.69 in 2000. The family planning programs were successful in meeting the needs of families that wanted to prevent further childbearing after having achieved the desired family size during $1960{\sim}1970$. The 1980s mark two important landmarks: achievement of replacement fertility and emergence of high sex ratio at birth. In the 1990s the "quality and welfare" approach was emphasized. In 2000s, South Korea's fertility is one of the lowest in the world. In response to this, in 2005, the Government adopted a new population policy with the goal of increasing the total fertility level to 1.6 by 2010. The results of this study indicate that proportion of women who would have no children at all throughout their reproductive life span increased substantially from 10% in 1995 to 16% in 2000, with a sharp increase since 1997. Thus, pro-natal programs need to address the problems associated with marriage and having the first child. Towards that, it is important that work and family life become more compatible.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.16
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• pp.101-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze trilogy by means of semiotics. trilogy constructs a story as a whole while each piece delivers a concluded ending. This study used 'modele actantiel' and 'carre semiotique' of Greimas in order to clarify not only the meaning structure but also the course of narrative of . is a compelling story which reverses the fairy tale of a beautiful princess and a heroic prince. Each piece of the trilogy unfolds as following; (1)ls the love of a princess and an ogre possible? (2)Can the marriage of the couple get confirmed? (3)Can Shrek be free again? The repeated meaning structure of trilogy is the binary opposition of nature versus culture, and the narrative course forms the meaning square on the basis of the opposition. Human culture represented by the lord Farquaad and Duloc castle signifies cleanness, order, complex, anxiety, paranoia, authoritarian, and violent. On the contrary, Nature represented by Shrek and the swamp signifies barbarity, freedom, confident, maturity, unstrained, and humar. The meaning of Shrek series is generated by the structure of the basic discrimination of culture versus nature. However, as story twists the bias and fixed idea, the meaning structure of Shrek shows a unique relationship of culture and nature. Although Shrek, an ogre, lives alone in a swamp because of the bias of human world, he is depicted as self-sufficient, comfort, and broad-minded. On the basis of this meaning structure, Shrek is not a story that an ogre(nature) strives to enter the human culture, nor a story that nature wins a victory at the confrontation between culture and nature, but a story that human(culture) and ogre(nature) overcome their fixed ideas through the transition from culture to nature and vice versa.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.349-378
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• 2010

The Life-Course perspective is a theoretical orientation that views the life-course as the age structure embedded in social institutions and history and understands the life-course of individual and group in the contextual perspective. The life-course perspective studies were developed in Germany and North America. They study social and historical effects and the effect of institutions and the state on the life-course, the pathway of the work career and differences of labour outcomes, and the inequality that is developed in the life-course. In Korea, the life-course perspective studies were tried in various fields and cumulated. However, it didn't established as a theoretical orientation. For applying the life-course perspective to connect the individual life-course with social and historical event, I describe the historical location of individuals born between 1930 and 1979 and analyse the change of their transitions to adulthood exploratorily. On results, the extension of education made the structural change of their life-course, and in young cohort the timing of leaving school, entering workforce, marriage and childbirth was delayed and transitions were made in narrower spread. It means the standardization of the life-course as appears in modern society. The 1970s birth cohort has the differenciated life-course pattern, however I cannot verify that change because of the right censoring.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.300-310
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the change of Well-Dying awareness and decision of university student before and after taking the course of death study. A questionnaire survey was conducted for university students 93 before education, 117 after education who participated in the Death Studies related lectures at Daejeon Metropolitan City for 15 weeks from August to December 2016. The general characteristics of survey are gender, age. grade, major, marriage condition, religion, family member living together and health status. Four items on the perception aspect of death, five items on the aspect of acceptance of death, seven items of death decision and twelve items for death education's interest and importance were configured as a reference scale. The statistical method carried out the chi-square test, the independent sample t-test, and the decision tree analysis. Based on the decision tree, At the time of preparation for death(cancer patient, terminal patient, etc.) and the elderly(65 years old or older), the education transition rate was 66.7%. But After education, 65.3% of the respondents were in adult, middle and high school, under elementary school, university, and graduate school, which showed a significant difference. Therefore we are looking for death education's effectiveness and setting directions for education's period and contents. the negative viewpoints and worries about the implementation of death education at elementary, middle and high schools and universities are resolved and the death education will positively affect the change of attitude of students.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

This study is to investigate and analyze regional patterns of aging in Taejeon Metropolitan city-the overpopulated area of Choong-Cheong Province-by cohort analysis method. According to the population structure transition caused by rapid social and economic changes, Korea has made a rapid progress in population aging since 1970. This trend is so rapid that we should prepare for and cope with aging society. It is not only slow to cope with it in our society, but also there are few studies on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. The data of this study are the reports of Population and Housing Censuses in 1975 and 1985 and General Population and Housing Censuses with 10% sample survey in 1995 taken by National Statistical Office. The research method is to sample as the aging district the area with high aged population rate where the populations over 60 reside among total population during the years of 1975, 1985, 1995 and to sample the special districts of decreasing population where the population decreases very much and the special districts of increasing population in which the population increases greatly, presuming that the reason why aged population rate increases is that non-elderly population high in mobility moves out. It is then verified and ascertained whether it is true or not with cohort analysis method by age. Finally regional patterns in the city are found through the classification and modeling by type based on the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population. The characteristics of the regional patterns show that there is social population transition and that non-elderly population moves out. The aging district with the high aged population rate is divided into high-level keeping-up type, relative falling type below the average of Taejeon city in aging progress, and relative rising type above the average of the city. This district can be found at both the central area of the city and the suburbs because Taejeon city has the characteristic of over-bounded city. But it cannot be found at the new built-up area with the in-migration of large population. The special districts of decreasing population where the population continues to decrease can be said to be the population doughnuts found at the CBD and its neighboring inner area. On the other hand, the special districts of increasing population where the population continues to increase are located at the new built-up area of the northern part in Taejeon city. The special districts of decreasing population are overlapping with the aging district and higher in aged population rate by the out-migration of non-elderly population. The special districts of increasing population are not overlapping with the aging district and lower in aged population rate by the in-migration of non-elderly population. To clarify the distribution map of the aging district, the special districts of decreasing and increasing population and the aging district are divided into four groups such as the special districts of decreasing population group-the same one as the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population group, the special districts of increasing population group, and the other district. With the cohort analysis method by age used to investigate the definite increase and decrease of aging population through population transition of each group, it is found that the progress of population aging is closely related to the social population fluctuation, especially that aged population rate is higher with the out-migration of non-elderly population. This is to explain each model of CBD, inner area, and the suburbs after modeling the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population in Taejeon city. On the assumption that the city area is a concentric circle, it is possible to divide it into three areas such as CBD(A), the inner area(B), and the suburbs(C). The special districts of increasing and decreasing population in the city are divided into three districts-the special districts of decreasing population(a), the special districts of increasing population(b), and the others(c). The aging district of this city is divided into the aging district($\alpha$) and the others($\beta$). And then modeling these districts, it is probable to find regional patterns in the city. $Aa{\alpha}$ and $Ac{\beta}$ patterns are found in the CBD, in which $Aa{\alpha}$ is the special district of decreasing population and is higher in aged population rate because of aged population low in mobility staying behind and out-migration of non-elderly population. $Ba{\alpha}$, $Ba{\beta}$, $Bb{\beta}$, and $Bc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the inner area, in which neighboring area $Ba{\alpha}$ pattern is located. $Bb{\beta}$ pattern is located at the new developing area of newly built apartment complex. $Cb{\beta}$, $Cc{\alpha}$, and $Cc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the suburbs, among which $Cc{\alpha}$ pattern is highest in population aging. It is likely that the $Cc{\beta}$ under housing land readjustment on a large scale will be the $Cb{\beta}$ pattern. As analyzed above, marriage and out-migration of new family, non-elderly population, with house purchase are main factors in accelerating population aging in the central area of the city. Population aging is responsible for the great increase of aged population with longer life expectancy by the low death rate, the out-migration of non-elderly population, and the age group of new aged population in the suburbs. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the regional patterns of population aging at the time when population problems caused by aging as well as longer life expectancy are now on the increase. I hope that this will help the future study on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. As in the future population aging will be a major problem in our society, local autonomy should make a plan for the problem to the extent that population aging progresses by regional groups and inevitably prepare for it.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.204-229
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• 1988

This paper documents and discusses trends and differentials in youth's participation in the labor force and employment. Youth in this study is defined asthe young aged 15-29. Youth passes through a series of life-course transitions,which include school completion own family formation(marriage and childbirth) .mandatory service in the army (by males) , and their economic activities are affectedby those life-course events. Accordingly we show how and to what extent youth'slabor force participation and employment varies with age and how the age patternhas changed over time.Throughout the 1980's and 1990's, youth's labor force participation showeddifferent trends by age group Labor fDrce participation rate of the 15-19 agedsteeply decreased, while that of the 25-29 steadily increased during the twodecades, the rate fsr the 20-24 aged showing not much variation. The former is dueto the increased rate of school enrollment among the age group, while the lattercould be attributed, in part, to the young women s increased and more steadyparticipation in the labor force over time.While labor force participation could be considered as a result of one's choicesand preferences, employment opportunities are more or less restricted by labormarket structure and institutions . This study documents how the structuralconstraints have interacted with individual and group attributes to differentiateemployment opportunities between individuals (educational background) and groups(especially sex diffrences) . One of the most salient feature of youth's em[ploymentstructure is the recent high unemployment rate of the college graduates. We discusshow that is related to the'credential society'in which one's educational credentials and it's social status play major role in determining who gets what in terms of job opportunities. Also is discussed the discordance between school and labor marketsupply and demand system, which is apparent in the prolonged oversupply of thecollege graduates, which is due to the consistently high rate of college entranceobserved since the early 1980's. Theoretically the job market for college graduates isviewed not as the'neoclassical'wage competition market but as job competition market in which one's (good) job opportunity is determined by one s position in thejob queue, which is in turn heavily dependent on from which college one get shis/her college degree as well as one's sex.