• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1992

To investigate on the element content of twelve edible mushrooms and Aloe arborescent, i.e., Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum (culturing in wood and soil), Tricholoma matsutake, Agaricus auricula-Jude (produced in Korea and China), sarcodon asparatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coriolus bisporus, Cyrophora esculenta, Auricularia auricula-Jude (produced in Korea and China), Sarcodon asparatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coriolus rersicolor, Smilax rotundifolia and Aloe arborescenstyl were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrometer. The obtained results were summarized as follows : 1. Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iron content for the most part samples were in large quantities, especi phosphorus content of those was highest ammount for the all samples. 2. Sodium content f·as much ammount in the Lentinus edodes(39 mg, and Ganoderma lucidum(20 mg) , Culturing in wood and soil, while potassium was very high ammount in the Aloe arborescens and other samples. Mush ammount of magnesium as compared with others was Lentinus edodes(144 mg) , Ganoderma lucidum(128 mg), Aloe arborescens(50 mg) and Pleurotus ostreatus (60 mg) . 3, Phosphorus content of Lentinus edodes, Gyrophora esculenta, Auricularia polytricha and Agaricus bisporus was much ammount while iron content of all samples equality higher ammount. Sodium content of Aloe arborescens was not analyzed out for almost all, its potassium(82 mg), magnesium(50 mg) and iron(18 mg) content comparatively higher quentity than others nllnerals and phosphorus volume (4.9 mg) as compared with others, was conspicuously lower detect. 4. Cadimium and lead content of harmful metal element were detected on trace quantity for the most part samples. 5. Organic acids of samples i.e., Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleuritus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum were Citrate, Malate, Fumalate, Succinate, Oxalate, Acetate, Lactate, and Tartarate and Citrate, Malate and Fumarate contents were higher amount remarkbly than other organic acids. Tartarate content was trace amount.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 S.Bostas와 V.Kumar[7]에 의하여 제안되고 $GF(2^n)$에서 정의되는 부호계열 발생알고리즘을 분석하고, 길이 n인 이진벡터로 이루어지는 벡터공간 $F_2$으로부터, 두 원소로 정의되는 공간 $F_2$로 사상할 수 있는 부울함수를 이용하여 발생기 구성 함수를 도출하였다. 차수 n=5와 n=7인 두 종류의 최소 다항식을 이용한 피드벡 쉬프트레지스터를 기반으로 Trace 함수로부터 부호계열 발생기 구성 부울함수를 도출하고 발생기를 설계 구성하였으며 이를 이용하여 두 종류의 부호계열 군을 발생하였다. 발생된 부호계열의 주기는 각각 31과 127로서 주기 $L=2^n-1$을 만족하고 ${\tau}=0$을 제외한 자기상관함수 값과 상호상관함수 값이 각각 {-9, -1, 7}과 {-17, -1, 15}로서 상관함수 값 $R_{i,j}({\tau})=\{-2^{(n+1)/2}-1,-1,2^{(n+1)/2}-1\}$의 특성을 만족하였다. 이 결과로부터 부울함수를 이용한 부호계열 발생기 설계와 구성이 타당함을 확인하였다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.109-127
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• 1994

We report field relationship, petrography and major and trace element chemistry for the central part of the Seoul granitic bathlith of Jurassic age occurring in the Kyonggi massif. The batholith consists mainly of biotite granite (BG) and garnet biotite granite (GBG) with minor tonalite-quartz diorite and biotite granodiorite with or without hornblende. The mode data, along with the those reported by Hong (1984) for the biotite granite (south-BG) in the southern part of the batholith, indicate that the many of BGs and majority of GBG and south-BG are leucocratic. Major element data indicate that these predominant rocks of the batholith are peraluminous. Variation trends in Harker diagrams for the major and trace elements suggest that the BG and GBG are not related by a simple crystal fractionation process. The same is true between the central (BG and GBG) and the southern (south-BG) parts of the batholith, suggesting that the central and southern parts of the Seoul batholith may consist of three separate intrusions. Tectonic discriminations using major and trace element data and the age of emplacement suggest that the batholith represents Jurassic plutonism related to an orogeny, perhaps to a subduction-related continental magmatic arc.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2010

석영의 광여기 루미네선스(OSL)를 이용한 제4기 퇴적물의 연대측정이 최근 널리 적용되고 있다. 그러나 모든 석영시료가 OSL 연대측정에 적합하지는 않다는 사실도 잘 알려져 있다. OSL 연대측정의 신뢰도를 향상시키고 적용범위를 넓히기 위해서는 석영시료별로 다양한 OSL 신호 특성의 원인에 대한 광물학적 규명이 필요하다. 본 연구는 그러한 광물학적 연구의 일환으로 전혀 다른 지질 및 지표 환경에서 채취한 퇴적물 시료로부터 분리한 석영을 대상으로 OSL 신호특성 분석과 레이저삭마 유도결합플라즈마질량분석(LA-ICP-MS)을 이용한 미량원소 조성분석을 실시하였다. OSL 신호분석 결과, 석영시료는 연대 측정에 적합한 신호특성을 갖는 시료와 부적합한 시료로 명확히 분리할 수 있었다. 미량원소조성분석 결과, Al (평균 73~267 ppm)과 Ti (평균 61~248 ppm)의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 그 외 Li, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe 등이 40 ppm 미만으로 함유되어 있었다. 석영 시료간 OSL 특성의 명확한 차이에도 불구하고, 그에 상응하는 미량원소함량의 뚜렷한 차이는 발견할 수 없었다. 이는 시료별로 다양한 OSL 신호 특성이 미량원소가 아닌 석영의 다른 광물학적 원인에 기인되었을 가능성을 시사하지만, 향후 보다 많은 시료 분석으로 확인되어야 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2001

PM 2.5/ samples were measured at two sites, Hadan(suburban site) and Anrak (roadside site) in Busan area. PM 2.5/ sampling was performed for 24-hour intervals by the FH9.5 particulate sampler. Aerosol samples were collected on PTFE filter. A total of 60 particulate samples were collected, dad samples were measured for Particulate mass concentration, metallic elements (Cr, Mn, Ni. Cu. Se, Fe, Pb, and Zn) and waer-soluble elements (C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ ,S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$, N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, $Ca_{2}$$^{+}$, $Mg_{2}$$^{+}$ and $^{+}$.Mass concentration in Hadan ranged 24.23~57.12 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and 60.22~72.12 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥m Yellow Sand Events. Major cations in Hadan and Anrak site is N $H_{4}$$^{+}$and N $a^{+}$ respectively. SO42$^{[-10]}$ was the abundant specie in the PM 2.5 fraction for Hadan site an dAnrak site. Hadan site showed igher concentration in S $O_{4}$$^{2.1}$ and N $H_{4}$ $^{+}$ In Anrak site the concentration of S $O_{4}$/sip 2-/and N $a^{+}$ was higher than other ions Prominent metallic elements were Fe and Pb in two sites. Principal component analysis showed that main source of PM 2.5 aerosol particles was non-metal related source which was resulted in relating elements as Cr, Ni, and Pb at Hadan site, Anrak site also has resulted PM2.5 aerosol paricles source, which was related its element like Zn, and Ni,. The SAS package analysis also showed that long-range transport effect at Hadan area due to Yellow Sand Event by the prevailing weaterlies.ling weaterlies.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-103
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• 1997

The purpose of this research is to investigate the enrichment and distribution patterns of naturally occurring potentially toxic elements in soils derived from black shales and slates. Soil samples were collected from the Chubu area covered with uranium-enriched black shales and slates of the Changri Formation of the Okchon Super Group, and analysed for multiple-elements using INAA, ICP-AES and AAS. Soil pH and loss-an-ignition were also measured. Trace element contents in black shale and slate of the Chubu area are relatively lower than those in black shales, and higher than those in black slates reported elsewhere (Chon, Jung, 1991; Chon et al., 1996). Soil pH values range from 3.5 to 6.5, and loss-an-ignition values are in the range from 3 to 10%. Potentially toxic elements including As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo and U are highly enriched in residual soils with maximum content of $540{\mu}g/g$, $35,000{\mu}g/g$, $280{\mu}g/g$, $300{\mu}g/g$, $240{\mu}g/g$ and $860{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Significant concentrations of those elements were found in soils taken from the Tojangkol, the Chubu tunnel and the Meokti areas. Soils derived from black shales and slates, calcareous and phyllitic rocks, and intrusions were discriminated in terms of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Sc and U contents. Enrichment index was calculated using the concentrations of As, Ba, Cr and Mo, and enrichment index map shows very similar trend with U distribution in soils.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1160-1167
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the effects of proteinate complex zinc (PC-Zn) on growth performance, antioxidative function, trace element concentrations and immune function in weaned piglets. Methods: Three hundred newly weaned barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), 28 days of age, were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups of 5 replicate pens per group for 4 weeks of feeding. Experimental diets were: i) zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 24 mg/kg Zn supplementation from $ZnSO_4$), ii) inorganic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate ($ZnSO_4$), and iii) organic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from PC-Zn. The body weight of pigs were recorded at the beginning, at the middle and at the end of the experiment, and the amount of feed supplied each day was recorded. Five barrows from each dietary treatment group were selected to be anesthetized and euthanized at the end of the trial to determine the Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations, the hepatic metallothionein content, the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), Mn, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the spleen, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte. Results: The accumulation of Zn in the spleen, levels of SOD, GSH-Px, IL-4, IL-10, the proportions of $CD3^+$ and $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte, and the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were increased by organic Zn supplementation compared to ZnD, while the levels of MDA, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and proportion of $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were lowered. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Zn can improve the antioxidant potential and immune functions of weaned piglets.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2012

Yam has been recognized having the beneficial effects for the prevention of various diseases, such as cancer, immunity, infection and obesity etc. There is increasing consideration to supplement the antioxidant nutrients to make up the lack of the antioxidant nutrient intakes. No study has been reported for the analysis of antioxidant mineral contents and comparison to dietary recommended intake for the sense of health promotion. In our study, we analyzed the contents of antioxidant trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents in cultivated Korean yam powders for evaluation of nutrient intake aspects. We collected the commercial yam powders from six different cultivated areas in the South Korea and measured antioxidant minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents using trace element-free plasma spectrometer (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) after dry-ashing and then wet-acid digestion. The accuracy of mineral analysis method was confirmed by the mineral analysis of standard reference material. Each analyzed element contents in yam were compared to dietary reference intakes of Koreans (KDRIs). The average levels of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se and Cr) in yam powders were 18.3, 11.9, 36.0, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.27 ${\mu}g/g$ yam powder, respectively. The intakes of Zn, Fe, Cu and Se of which KDRIs is determined, are accounted as being up to 23.8%, 55.6%, 32.5% and 236% recommended intake (RI) of KDRIs, if daily yam supplementation (50 g) of commercial instruction would be considered. The intake of Mn is about 25% adequate intake (AI) of KDRIs with the daily supplementation of yam powder. Most of mineral intakes from daily yam supplementation were with the range of non-detectable to <10% upper limit (UL) level, which is very much safe. The study results show that daily supplementation of Korean yam power is beneficial to provide the supplemental nutrient intake and also is safe, if the suggested dosage would be considered.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1995

Nine species of edible seaweed [green laver (Monostroma nitidium) and sea staghorn ( Codium fragile) of green algae; sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida), seaweed fusiforme(Hizikia fusiforme), gulf weed (Sargassum fulvellium), and sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) of brown algae; seaweed dilatata (Halimeniopsis dilatata), seaweed furcata (Gloiopeltis furcata), and laver (Porphyra tenera) of red algae] collected from Kijang, Chungmu, and Yosu in Korea, were examined and compared on their chemical and mineral composition depending on their harvesting season. Crude protein $(N\pm6.25)$ showed about $45\%$ on moisture free basis (the contents of every components described below are shown as moisture free basis) for laver and $30\%$ for green laver collected from ever seasons and sites. Sea tangle showed the highest content in crude lipid $(10\%)$ among brown seaweeds and green laver had $6\%$ of crude lipid regardless their habitats. Ash and carbohydrate in sea staghorn hold about $90\%$ of total solids but those levels were only $50\%$ in laver. The relationship between ash and carbohydrate content showed a tendency with reverse correlation. Mineral compositions were examined on green laver, sea mustard, and seaweed furcata collected from Kijang. Sodium was eminent element (1,798-7,334mg/l00g) followed by potassium. Magnesium and calcium content were low level compared with sodium and potassium. As a micro-element iron was appraised the highest status (165-330mg/100g) in green laver, however, iron in sea mustard and seaweed furcata was comparatively low amount (2.7-47.4mg/100g). The level of zinc was also comparatively high and that was varied on habitats. In conclusion, chemical compositions of these algae were distinctively varied on species and habitats, and mineral compositions were notably changed by the harvesting season.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2010

대구광역시의 도로, 학교, 지하역사, 주택 등을 대상으로 축적먼지를 채취하여 100 ${\mu}m$ 이하로 걸러서 산추출한 후 ICP로 14개 원소를 분석하였다. 미량원소성분 중 Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V는 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받고, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn은 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 미량원소성분의 농도는 자연적인 발생원 성분이 인위적인 발생원 성분보다 매우 높은 수준을 보였다. 특히 학교는 Ca과 Pb의 농도가 높았고, 지하역사는 Cu와 Zn의 농도가 높았다. 미량원소성분의 조성백분율은 실내인 지하역사 주택 학교가 실외인 도로보다 인위적인 발생원 성분을 많이 함유하였다. 또한 유해중금속성분의 오염도는 학교 주택 지하역사가 도로보다 높았고, 도시지역이 농촌지역보다 높은 전형적인 경향을 보였다. 미량원소성분간의 상관성은 흙먼지나 도로의 재비산먼지관련 성분간에 양호하였고, 폐기물소각이나 연료연소관련 성분간에도 양호하였다.