• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.617-630
• /
• 2021

Chemotherapy-induced side effects affect the quality of life and efficacy of treatment of cancer patients. Current approaches for treating the side effects of chemotherapy are poorly effective and may cause numerous harmful side effects. Therefore, developing new and effective drugs derived from natural nontoxic compounds for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects is necessary. Experiments in vivo and in vitro indicate that Panax ginseng (PG) and its ginsenosides are undoubtedly non-toxic and effective options for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hematopoietic inhibition. The mechanism focus on anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis, as well as the modulation of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), P62/keap1/Nrf2, c-jun Nterminal kinase (JNK)/P53/caspase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT. Since a systemic review of the effect and mechanism of PG and its ginsenosides on chemotherapy-induced side effects has not yet been published, we provide a comprehensive summarization with this aim and shed light on the future research of PG.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2011

Nanotechnology for cancer therapy is playing a pivotal role in dramatically improving current approaches to cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy while reducing toxic side effects associated with previous cancer therapy. A widespread understanding of these new technologies will lead to develop the more refined design of optimized nanoparticles with improved selectivity, efficacy and safety in the clinical practice of oncology. This review provides an integrated overview of applications and advances of nanotechnology in cancer therapy, based on molecular diagnostics, treatment, monitoring, target drug delivery, approved nanoparticle-based chemotherapeutic agents, and current clinical trials in the development of nanomedicine and ultimately personalized medicine.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물물리학회 1997년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 1997

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used to suppress rejection in rcipients of solid organ or bone marrow transplants. A variety .of toxic side effects of this agent such as cardiotoxicity have been reported. However the underlying molecular mechanisms for the cardiotoxicity are not well resolved.(omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권18호
• /
• pp.8119-8126
• /
• 2016

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the toxic side effects of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (CTX), the use of herbal medicines with fewer side effects but having potential use as inducing anti-cancer outcomes in situ has become increasingly popular. The present study sought to investigate the effects of a methanolic extract of Bauhinia tomentosa against Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) induced ascites as well as solid tumors in BALB/c mice. Specifically, B. tomentosa extract was administered intraperitonealy (IP) at 10 mg/kg. BW body weight starting just after tumor cell implantation and thereafter for 10 consecutive days. In the ascites tumor model hosts, administration of extract resulted in a 52% increase in the life span. In solid tumor models, co-administration of extract and CTX significantly reduced tumor volume (relative to in untreated hosts) by 73% compared to just by 52% when the extract alone was provided. Co-administration of the extract also mitigated CTX-induced toxicity, including decreases in WBC count, and in bone marrow cellularity and ${\alpha}$-esterase activity. Extract treatment also attenuated any increases in serum levels of $TNF{\alpha}$, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, GM-CSF, and VEGF seen in tumor-bearing hosts. This study confirmed that, the potent antitumor activity of B.tomentosa extract may be associated with immune modulatory effects by regulating anti-oxidants and cytokine levels.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 1982

In order to investigate the side-effects of crude drugs, twenty drugs have been tested for the teratogenic effect in rats. Among seven drugs contained alkaloid as their ingredients, no one showed teratogenic effect, but Veratri rhizoma showed embryo-toxic as revealed by severe retardation in growth of the fetuses. The other thirteen drugs which have been used freguently in oriental medicines exhibited no teratogenic effect. Cyclophosphamide used as a reference compound showed severe malformation and retardation in the growth of rat fetuses. These findings suggest that the drug extracts adopted for the study might have no teratogenic effect in the rats.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2021

Cyclophosphamide (CP)는 면역 억제제 뿐만 아니라 암 및 림프종 등의 치료에 널리 사용된다. CP는 DNA 알킬화제로서, 간세포에서 대사되어 4-hydrocyclophosphamide (4H-CYP)와 aldophosphamide로 분리된다. Ulmus macrocarpa Hance는 부종, 유방염, 종양 및 기타 염증성 질환에 사용되어 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 CP의 부작용에 대하여 U. macrocarpa Hance 열수 추출물이 조직학적 수준에서 CP의 부작용에 대한 간과 신장의 보호 기능과 U. macrocarpa Hance 자체의 잠재적 독성 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 마우스 모델을 사용하여 헤마톡실린 및 에오신(H&E) 염색과 DAPI 염색으로 간과 신장을 조직학적으로 분석하였다. CP 처리한 마우스에서 간세포의 형태는 글리코겐 축적을 나타내지 않았고, 세포 밀도도 감소하였다. 그러나 UMWE+CP 처리군에서는 간세포의 형태와 세포 밀도는 정상 간세포 패턴과 유사하였다. 또한, UMWE으로만 처리한 마우스에서도 간세포의 형태와 세포 밀도는 정상 간세포와 유사했다. 신장의 경우에는 정상 마우스와 비교했을 때 H&E 염색으로는 CP 또는 UMWE 처리된 마우스의 신장에서 명백한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 즉, U. macrocarpa Hance의 열수추출물은 간과 신장에 아무런 영향을 유발하지 않으면서 CP가 유발한 독성을 감소시키는것으로 요약된다. 따라서 U. macrocarpa Hance는 제약 산업에 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 나타내었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2009

Objectives: I carried out this study for research on dizziness (瞑眩) reaction. Methods: I found 14 papers about dizziness reaction from 1994 to 2009 in China Academic Journal (CAJ) website, and synthesized these reports. Results: Dizziness reaction, presupposing that the diagnosis and treatments are correct, is a peculiar reaction which occurs with severe and various symptoms temporarily diverging from regular course. As dizziness reaction disappears, the symptoms of the disease are improved. Though it mostly occurs rapidly and disappears in a short time, it can occur after a long treatment or occur gradually in chronic diseases. As a general rule, the faster dizziness reaction occurs, the more severe the reaction. The faster dizziness reaction disappears, the quicker the recovery from illness. Upon catching a disease, healthy qi(正氣) and the pathogen (邪氣) fight each other. Just at that moment, if the medicine or acupuncture treatment hits the mark of the pathogen (邪氣), healthy qi(正氣) attacks the origin of the disease in full force. Thus, all symptoms disappear at a time and various reactions occur which we can't accurately determine. So, we can call it 'Right action', 'Improving reaction' or 'Adjusting reaction'. Conclusions: It is difficult for us to predict whether a dizziness reaction will occur. Thus, we don't have to seek dizziness reaction blindly, and must distinguish dizziness reaction from side effects or toxic effects. So, we must pay more close attentions to symptom changes.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.45-48
• /
• 2023

One of the most common side effects of chemotherapeutic agents is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The occurrence of CIPN is increasing as the survival rate of patients with cancer improves and the cumulative dose or duration of neurotoxic drugs increases. Approximately 30-40% of patients receiving neurologically toxic drugs experience CIPN, which eventually increases the burden of medical expenses. However, preventive measures against CIPN have not yet been established. Clinical trials have tested various drugs for the management of neuropathic pain, but only duloxetine has shown any significant effect. Further studies should evaluate nonpharmaceutical treatments, such as exercise.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2023

Wound care has become increasingly important over the years. Various synthetic products for wound care treatment have been reported to cause toxic side effects and therefore natural products are in significant demand as they have minimal side effects. The presence of bioactive compounds in medicinal mushrooms contributes to various biological activities which assist in the early inflammatory phase, keratinocyte proliferation, and its migration enhancement which are pertinent to wound rehabilitation. Lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) can reduce the inflammation phase in wound healing by fighting off bacterial infection and modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in the early stage to avoid prolonged inflammation and tissue damage. The antibacterial, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by most macrofungi play a key role in enhancing wound healing. Several antibacterial and antifungal compounds sourced from traditional botanicals/-products may prevent further complications and reoccurrence of injury to a wounded site. Scientific studies are actively underway to ascertain the potential use of macrofungi as a wound healing agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.230-234
• /
• 2007

In anti-cancer therapies, radiotherapy and chemotherapy show a superior inhibition effect on cancer cell growth, but those are very toxic to normal tissues and organs. Particularly, drugs for neutropenia, one of chemotherapy agents, which suppress the function of bone marrow, are needed to be controlled in terms of their dosage and therapy period because of their side effect. Phellinus linteus polysaccharide (PL) has been reported to increase the number of splenocytes and bone marrow cells. PL has been shown to decrease the side effects of cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment to the cancer patients. PL showed no effects in semisolid clonogenic assay, suggesting that PL doesn't contain substantial compounds to substitute for colony stimulating factors (CSFs). On the other hand, PL increased the expression of SCF, IL-3, GM-CSF, TPO genes. These results indicate that PL may promote the growth and proliferation of splenocytes and bone marrow cells through indirect or CSFs-dependent pathway, which may lead to a hematopoiesis.