• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1235-1239
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• 2008

To study the health promoting effects of medicinal plants, 30 medicinal plants commonly available in Korea have been evaluated for their antioxidant compounds and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Total polyphenolics and flavonoids in the methanolic extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and chelating effects have been determined for antioxidant activities. Moreover, the effects of medicinal plants on cell proliferation of intestinal (Caco-2) and pituitary (GH3) tumor cells were investigated using thiazolyl blue terazolium bromide (MIT) assay. The methanolic extracts of Pueraria thunbergiana and Artemisiae asiatria contained the highest total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. P. thunbergiana exhibited the highest antioxidant activities. A. asiatria showed the strongest antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 and Ponciruc trifoliata Rafin and Lophathrum gracile Bronghiart exhibited the highest activities against GH3. Although there was positive correlation between ABTS radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic contents ($R^2=8189$), no relationship was found between antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Lespedeza cuneata G. Don is a well-known medicinal plant. In this study, the biological activities of L. cuneata extracts were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: L. cuneata shoot was extracted with 30% ethanol and further fractionated with organic solvents. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition effect of the extract and fractions were measured. Among the tested extract and fractions, the highest contents of total phenolic and flavonoids were found in ethyl acetate fraction (117.8 mg GAE/g and 35.9 mg QE/g, respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and the antioxidant activity of the other fractions followed the order n-hexane fraction>ethanol extract>methyl chloroform>n-butanol fraction. Inhibitory effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP3) was highest in the fraction of ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fraction also significantly inhibited the expression of MMP3. Antioxidant activities of L. cuneata extracts were significantly positively related to their phenolic and flavonoid content. CONCLUSION: Ethyl acetate fraction of L. cuneata ethanol extract showed potent antioxidant and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activities. Those activities might be related to the high total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.969-972
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• 2000

Quality characteristics and functional properties of four kinds of propolis collected from 4 different regions were compared. Ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) showed high absorbance of UV at 208 ~ 212 nm and at 292~294 nm. Total flavonoid contents of 4 propolis were at a range of 16.30~21.87 mg/g However, no significant difference in the flavonoid content was observed among four kinds of sample. All EEP showed the high antimicrobial activities, especially against Salmonella typhimurium. Hydrogen donating activities of the EEP were high appear 65.94 to 78.67% in all samples. The EEP from Sunchon showed the highest activity of hydrogen donation among samples. All extracts had the higher nitrite-scavenging activity than 0.1% BHT. Compared to control, a significant decrease in lipid oxidation was found in all 4 extracts.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1004-1011
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• 2016

Flavonoids, non-nutrient secondary metabolites of plants, are widely distributed in commonly consumed agro-food resources. Flavonoids include aglycones, and their glycosides are reported to have potential health-promoting compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate flavonoid glycosides in the fruit and leaves of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder (jujube). A total of six flavonoids (five flavonols and one chalcone) were identified in jujube fruit and leaves by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry along with chemical library and an internal standard. In positive ion mode, six flavonoids were linked to the C- and O-glycosides which were conjugated with sugar moieties based on kaempferol, quercetin, and phloretin aglycones. Total flavonoid contents of leaves (8,356.5 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)) was approximately 900-fold higher than that of fruit (fresh fruit, 13.6 mg/100 g dry DW; sun-dried fruits, 9.2 mg/100 g dry DW). Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) and quercetin 3-O-robinobioside were the predominant flavonols in fruit and leaves of jujube. In particular, rutin had the highest content (6,735.2 mg/100 g DW) in leaves, and rutin is a widely reported bioactive compound. Phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside (chalcone type) was detected only in leaves. The leaves of jujube contain a high content of flavonoids and the results of this study indicate that jujube leaves may be a source of bioactive flavonoids.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

As part of research on the development of functional materials for antlers, lactic acid fermentation of antler extract was performed. It was intended to develop a functional material with enhanced total polyphenol and flavonoid content and enhanced antioxidant activity. During the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, the number of proliferation, total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant activity were quantified and evaluated. As a result of adding these four types of lactic acid bacteria to the antler water extract substrate, the number of lactic acid bacteria measured was 2.04~5.00×10⁷. Meanwhile, a protease (Baciullus amyloliquefaciens culture: Maxazyme NNP DS) was added to the antler extract to decompose the peptide bonds of the contained proteins. Then, these four types of lactic acid bacteria were added and the number of lactic acid bacteria increased to 2.84×10⁷~2.21×10⁸ as the result of culture. The total polyphenol contents were 4.82~6.26g/mL in the lactic acid bacteria fermentation extracts, and after the reaction of protease enzyme and lactic fermentation, increased to 14.27~20.58 g/mL. The total flavonoid contents were 1.52~2.21 g/ml in the lactic acid bacteria fermentation extracts, and after the protease reaction and fermentation, increased to 5.59~8.11 mg/mL. DPPH radical scavenging activities of lactic acid bacteria fermentation extracts was 17.03~22.75%, but after the protease reaction and fermentation, remarkably increased to 32.82~42.90%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.723-733
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• 2016

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merill] are a rich source of antioxidants and other phytonutrients. Soybean sprouts contain many biologically active secondary metabolites and are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, two soybean cultivars, Hosim, with high oleic acid (- 80% in total seed oil), and Pungsannamul, with normal oleic acid (- 23%) in seed, were examined for changes in the content of crude protein, crude oil, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) during the sprouting duration of 5 days. The protein content in both the varieties was found to increase by the days of sprouting. The crude oil content of Pungsannamul sprouts was found to be maximum on day 1 (16.9%, w/w) and decreased thereafter to reach to the level of 14.8% on day 5. No significant differences in the crude oil content of Hosim sprouts from day 1 to 5 were observed. Flavonoid content was found to increase up to day 4 and then dropped on day 5, in both the cultivars. Total polyphenol content showed a tendency to increase up to day 3 and started to decrease significantly from day 4. DPPH activity was found to increase up to day 5 in both the varieties. All the components studied in the high oleic acid soybean sprouts showed a change in content during the sprouting process similar to the change that would occur in normal oleic acid soybeans. The study showed that the contents of antioxidant, flavonoid, and polyphenol significantly increase during the sprouting.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of fermented chinese yam and rice (Dioscorea japonica, Dioscorea batatas, Dioscorea opposita, Rice, FCYR) using Monascus sp. MK805. The extracts from FCYR were measured to examine pigments, antioxidant activities were investigated through DPPH radical scavenging activity, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, reducing power. Also it was investigated monacolin K productivity by FCYR. Pigments productivity (yellow, orange and red) were 26.2, 13.9, 17.3 at Dioscorea japonica, 41.9, 22.6, 53.2 at Dioscorea batatas, 12.5, 7.5, 9.7 at Dioscorea opposita and 10.1, 7.7, 10.2 at rice, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity of FCYR was about 69.7, 79.6, 57.8, and 42.3%, total polyphenol contents of FCYR was about 480.6, 658.7, 379.3, and 212.9 mg/kg, total flavonoid contents of FCYR was about 342.5, 448.4, 235.2, and 168.7 mg/kg, reducing power of FCYR was about 1.57, 2.14, 1.14, and 0.35 (OD at 700 nm), respectively. And then monacolin K productivity of FCYR was about 453.8, 509.5, 332.2, and 263.2 mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2021

In the present study, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, radical scavenging ability, and reducing power of ethanol extracts and fractions from Rubus coreanus Miq. were assessed in order to determine the antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol contents in the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 238.46 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 413.59 mg GAE/g, respectively; these values were higher than those in the other fractions (p < 0.05). In addition, the total flavonoid content was as high as 52.83 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g in the ethyl acetate fraction (p < 0.05). With regard to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, the RC₅₀ values of the ethyl acetate fraction were 3.95 and 6.25 ㎍/mL, respectively, indicating that the scavenging activity was similar to that of ascorbic acid (control) (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the FRAP assay performed to assess the reducing power, the ethyl acetate fraction showed high activity (p < 0.05). In summary, the present findings confirmed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the R. coreanus Miq. 70% ethanol extract had high polyphenol and flavonoid contents and excellent antioxidant properties. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the mugwort 70% ethanol extract had high polyphenol and flavonoid content and excellent antioxidant effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2022

In this study, antioxidant efficacy was analyzed to verify the value of use as an antioxidant-related functional cosmetic material using Cheongtaejeon tea extract. Cheongtaejeon tea was extracted, concentrated, and freeze-dried with hot water and 70% ethanol as a solvent to prepare samples, and then ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity, electron donating ability, SOD-like ability, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic, and flavonoid contents were analyzed. In the ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity experiment, both the Cheongtaejeon hydrothermal extract (CTW) and the Cheongtaejeon 70% ethanol extract (CTE) showed erasure activity of more than 98% at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/mL, and in the electron donating analysis experiment, CTW and CTE, respectively, 42.20% and 78.82%. As a result of SOD-like activity measurement, activity of 39.73% and 67.39% of CTW and CTE, respectively, was confirmed. In the case of FRAP and reducing power experiments, both CTW and CTE showed high effects, and as a result of analyzing the total phenol and flavonoid contents, both CTW and CTE showed high contents. Based on the results of the experiment, the Cheongtaejeon tea extract is expected to have a highly valuable as a functional cosmetics material related to antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Peach seeds contain a large amount of phenolic components and exhibit excellent physiological effects in various diseases. We examined the antioxidant effects of stone and seed of three peach cultivars (Miwhang, MH; Kanoiwa hakuto, KH; and Cheonhong, CH) by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) assay, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) reduction. The results showed that the stone extracts of CH had higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids than those of the other cultivars do, and the stone extracts of KH and CH have the potential to reduce DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC activities. In addition, we found that KH, MH, and CH stone extracts decreased nitric oxide generation in RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells. The total phenol and flavonoid contents had no significant correlation with anti-oxidant activities. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity had a low linear correlation with anti-oxidant activities and total phenol and flavonoid contents. The present results suggest that the correlation between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of stone and seed, and the appropriate combination of the stone and seed extracts could be used as an anti-inflammatory treatment and prevention material, respectively.