• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.664-670
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• 2009

The ${\beta}$3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is expressed mainly in visceral adipose tissue and is thought to contribute to lipolysis and the delivery of free fatty acids to the portal vein. This study was aimed at evaluating the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and ADRB3 genetic polymophisms. A total of 991 healthy examinees who were examined in a university hospital, located in Busan City, between May and December 2006 were enrolled in this study. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the subjects were examined. Intravenous concentrations of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride were also measured. After extracting DNA from the subjects, mutations of the +188T>C (Trp64Arg) of exon 1 and +3893T>C of intron 2 on the ADRB3 gene were genotyped using the single base extension method. We have identified a novel mutation of ADRB3 that is located in intron 2. The frequency of its minor allele was 0.164. Both the +188T>C mutation of exon 1 and +3893T>C mutation of intron 2 were significantly associated with HDL-C. The mean concentration of serum HDL-C was significantly lower in the presence of their minor allele 'C'. These results suggest that both mutations of +188T>C of exon 1 and +3895T>C of intron 2 have significant associations with HDL-C in the Korean population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2008

This study investigated that the antioxidative effect of freeze-dried cranberry powder against protein and lipid oxidation and ameliorative effect of serum lipid profile in rat fed atherogenic diet. Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: normal diet group with 5% com oil(control), atherogenic diet group with 5% com oil, 10% lard, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate(HFC), atherogenic plus 2% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C2), and atherogenic plus 5% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C5), and respective diet and water were fed daily for 6 weeks. After the experimental period, the serum lipid profile, such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride, ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), plasma phenolics content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, serum protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) levels were examined. Total phenolic compound and total flavonoid levels in freeze-dried cranberry powder were 9.94 mg/g and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different for cranberry powder treatment, but serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Plasma FRAP value tended to be increased by cranberry powder treatment though there was no significant difference. Plasma total phenol concentrations and SOD activities were not significantly different among all groups. Serum protein carbonyl and TBARS levels were significantly decreased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Overall results suggested that freeze-dried cranberry powder might have the serum lipid improving effect, as well as anti oxidative effect demonstrated by its protective effect against protein and lipid oxidation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

The study examined the effects of dietary green tea powder supplementation on blood glucose, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations in diabetic rats. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $200{\pm}5\;g$) were divided into two groups (diabetic and non-diabetic), which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed a control and 1% green tea powder-supplemented diet. Serum and liver lipid concentrations were measured by established techniques. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from an established equation. Body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were lower in diabetic rats than in non-diabetic rats regardless of diet. There were no differences in weight gain in diabetic and non-diabetic rats consuming the control and green tea powder-supplemented diets. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and atherogenic index of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic rats. Conversely, the levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) of diabetic rats was significantly lower than that of non-diabetic rats. Fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and atherogenic index were significantly lower in diabetic rats fed the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet, and HDL-C was significantly higher in rats fed the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet. The content of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic rats. Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in diabetic rats fed green tea powder-supplemented diet than in rats fed the control diet. It is concluded that green tea powder supplementation positively influences blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. The present study, although not directly applicable to humans, may have some implications for individuals who habitually consume green tea powder.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2004

To determine the effects of caloric restriction on obese type 2 diabetes we measured body blood glucose and serum lipid level in dietary restricted Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats (obese diabetic rats) and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (control rats) were grouped into 2 groups; control (free feed) group and 30% caloric restricted (30% CR) group. At 24 weeks of age the 30% CR animals were provided a diet at a level of 30% less food (by weight) than control rats consumed during the previous week. Blood glucose levels and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of CR rats were determined every 2 weeks for 8 weeks total. Blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of OLETF rats were significantly higher compared to LETO rats. In OLETF rats, the blood glucose levels were decreased to 61% by 8 weeks in the 30% CR compared to the non-CR control group, but changes of blood glucose levels were not observed in LETO rats during the 8weeks in the 30% CR. The serum triglyceride levels of OLETF rats were decreased significantly in the 30% CR but no change in the serum of LETO rats was found. The total cholesterol level was not changed by dietary restriction in LETO rats, but significant changes were observed in OLETF rats by 30% dietary restriction. HDL-cholesterol levels were also increased by dietary restriction in both LETO and OLETF rats. These results suggested that elevated blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in diabetes II patients may be reduced by caloric restriction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to promote health in middle-aged Koreans (40-59 years old) by understanding health behaviors that affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level among various health behaviors. In a national health and nutrition survey, raw data combined on a total of 7,406 persons, IV-3 (2009), V-1 (2010), V-2 (2011), V-3 (2012), and VI-1 (2013), were selected as the final analysis subjects. HDL cholesterol was divided into two groups: less than 40 mg/dl and more than 40 mg/dl. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis were as follows: OR=3.916 for males, OR=3.439 for normal than low weight, OR=7.336 for obesity than low weight, OR=1.629 for alcohol consumption, OR=1.498 for smokers, OR=1.426 for don't practice moderate physical activity, OR=1.264 for no walking exercise, OR=1.510 for carbohydrates normal intake than low intake, OR 1.787 for carbohydrates over intake than low intake when HDL cholesterol increased from 40 mg/dl to less than 40 mg/dl. Korean middle-aged high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels should be increased to maintain proper health through aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, proper drinking habits, obesity relief, healthy eating out, and healthy food choices. This requires continuous publicity and education within the community, and a social environment should be built that enables health behavior to be practiced in daily life.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

This study was carried out to effects of Allium victorials extract on lowering lipid, anti-oxidation and concentration of inflammatory mediators in rats fed high oxidized fat. Concentration of free fatty acid(FFA), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in plasma decreased in the Allium victorials extract groups and plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration revealed a tendency to increase in Allium victorials extract groups. Concentration of total cholesterol and TG in liver showed a tendency to decrease in Allium victorials extract groups. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid(TBARS) in plasma and liver showed a lower values in Allium victorials extract groups than that of control group. Activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in liver showed a tendency to increase in Allium victorials extract groups. Concentration of nitrogen oxide(NO), ceruloplasmin and ${\alpha}1$-acid glycoprotein in plasma showed a lower values in Allium victorials extract groups than that of control group. These results indicate that the Allium victorials extract have an functional material for lowering lipid, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.602-605
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• 2006

Effects of Codium fragile ext. on lipid lowering and antioxidant activities were investigated in hyperlipidemic rat. Concentration of FFA and triglyceride in plasma showed a tendency to decrease in Codium fragile ext. groups. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in Codium fragile ext. groupsshowed a low values than those of control group. However concentration of HDL-cholesterol showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. Concentration of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride showed a tendence to decrease in Codium fragile ext. groups. Concentration of plasma and liver TBARS showed a low values in Codium fragile ext. groups. The values of GSH-Px activity showed a tendency to increase in the Codium fragile ext. groups, However the values of SOD and CAT activity showed no significant difference in all treatment groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-3 PUFA and the sunflower seed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks, then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0 % and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the lipid component of the serum showed following results. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in the other groups except group 2 (lard 3.0 % + olive oil 12.0%) than in the control group , especially in groups 3 (cholestyramine 2.0%) and 5 (lard 3.0% + linseed oil 12.0%). HDL-C and the ratio of HDL-C to total cholesterol concentration were higher in groups 1, 3, 5 and 9 (lard 3.0% + sunflower seed oil 12.0%) , while the atherosclerotic index was low in groups3, 5. Concentrations of free cholesterol and choesteryl ester in serum were significantly lower in the other groups except group 2 than in the control group, especially lower in grop 5. Concentration of LDL was significantly higher in group 2 while it was remarkably lower in groups 3 and 5, while those of triglyceride in groups in 3 and 4 (lipraroid) were significantly higher than in the control groups. From the data on concentration of total choelsterol , HDL-cholesterol, LDL, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum, the results suggested that the feeding mixed with 3.0% lard and 12.0% linseed oil or 2.0% cholestyramine were most effective for the improvement of the serum lipids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.225-232
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• 1999

Apo E polymorphism(e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal variation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Among 62 normolipidemic healthy females, aged 19 up to 22 years, the relative frequencies of E3/3 was 0.806(n=50), E3/2 was 0.081(n=5), E3/4 allele was 0.113(n=7), and no E2/2, E2/4 and E4/4 were found. Based on the five samples of E2 allele, five subjects were randomly selected by E3 and E4 groups for the study of effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of serum lipid and amino acids profiles. No differences in the anthro pometric data among apo E isomers were found, otherwise the pulsation was higher in E4 than that in the others. There were no differences in plasma total HDL , HDL3 , HDL2 & LDL cholesterol, and apo A I concentrations. However, phenotype means significantly rank E2>E3>E4 allele in average TG levels(p=0.014), and rank E4>E3>E2 in total cholesterol levels(p=0.011). Atherogenic index(AI) such as lipoproteins was significantly increased in E2 & E4 than that in E3(p=0.045). Subjects with E3/2 allele had significantly higher concentrations of glutamine, phosphoserine and taurine, while subjects with E3/4 allele showed significantly lower concentrations of arginine and am inobutyrate and elevated level of phosphoserine in plasma com pared to those of E3/3 allele. Higher level of plasma taurine in subjects with E3/2 or E3/4 allele appears to be related to the elevated level of plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to those of E3/3 allele.