• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks high fat intake and regular exercise in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress in rats. This experiment involved 32 subjects (sprague-dawley rats) divided into four groups as follows: chow group (Chow, n = 8), chow and exercise group (Chow + EX, n = 8), high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia group (HF, n = 8), and HF and exercise group (HF + EX, n = 8). As a result, there were significant decrease in body weight and abdominal fat, and blood lipid level was significantly improved by exercise for eight weeks (p < .05). There were variables changed about the skeletal muscle and ER stress in GRP78, XBP-1, ATF4, CHOP and JNK mRNA. There increased in mRNA factor by exercise, especially GRP78, and ATF4 mRNA were significantly increased in exercise (p < .05). However, there were increased in adipose tissue by exercise and there were significantly decreased in mRNA factor by high fat diet (p < .05). Consequently, this study suggests that the consistent exercise was more improved of obesity factor, such as dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, as well as body weight or abdominal fat. The response of ER stress in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were more sensitive in exercise than high fat diet feed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2013

본 연구를 통하여 streptozotocin 주사에 의한 당뇨 유발이 일반식이와 고지방식이로 키운 C57BL/6 수컷생쥐의 지방조직에서의 염증성 사이토카인 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 네 그룹의 당뇨생쥐(일반식이 또는 고지방식이로 키운 16주령 또는 26주령 생쥐)와 네 그룹의 비당뇨 대조군을 포함한 모두 73마리의 생쥐가 이 실험에 사용되었다. Real-time PCR을 이용하여 지방조직에서의 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)와 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)의 유전자 발현량을 측정한 결과, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA는 당뇨 유발에 의해 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 특히, 16주령의 일반식이 생쥐의 경우 비당뇨 대조군에 비해 당뇨가 유발된 실험군에서 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다. MCP-1 mRNA 발현은 STZ처리에 따른 당뇨유발에 의해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히, 16주령 고지방식이의 당뇨 실험군에서의 발현이 비당뇨 대조군에서의 발현량의 26%에 해당할 정도로 큰 감소를 나타내었다. 또한, MCP-1의 발현은 인슐린 농도와 유의한 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 이들 실험결과는 당뇨 모델 생쥐에서 지방조직의 염증성 사이토카인이 이상발현되고 있음을 나타내며, 비만, 인슐린저항성, 및 당뇨에서의 저준위 염증상태와 지방조직에서의 염증성 사이토카인 발현 조절의 기작을 밝히는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한방사선협회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.317-323
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• 1999

The response of endothelial cells to ionizing radiation is thought to be an important factor in the overall response of normal tissue. It has been reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent mitogen for endothelial cells, protects endoth

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.524-529
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• 2016

Controlling the production of diverse cell/tissue types is essential for the development of multicellular organisms such as animals and plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana root, which contains distinct cells/tissues along longitudinal and radial axes, has served as an elegant model to investigate how genetic programs and environmental signals interact to produce different cell/tissue types. In the root, a series of asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) give rise to three ground tissue layers at maturity (endodermis, middle cortex, and cortex). Because the middle cortex is formed by a periclinal (parallel to the axis) ACD of the endodermis around 7 to 14 days post-germination, middle cortex formation is used as a parameter to assess maturation of the root ground tissue. Molecular, genetic, and physiological studies have revealed that the control of the timing and extent of middle cortex formation during root maturation relies on the interaction of plant hormones and transcription factors. In particular, abscisic acid and gibberellin act synergistically to regulate the timing and extent of middle cortex formation, unlike their typical antagonism. The SHORT-ROOT, SCARECROW, SCARECROW-LIKE 3, and DELLA transcription factors, all of which belong to the plant-specific GRAS family, play key roles in the regulation of middle cortex formation. Recently, two additional transcription factors, SEUSS and GA- AND ABA-RESPONSIVE ZINC FINGER, have also been characterized during ground tissue maturation. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the regulatory networks that control the timing and extent of middle cortex formation during post-embryonic root development.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2003

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) 유전자의 발현은 사람 및 쥐에서 두 개의 promoters (P1과 P2)로부터의 전사와 alternative RNA splicing 및 differential RNA polyadenylation과 같은 복잡한 기전들에 의하여 조절되는데 조직에 따라 성장호르몬을 포함한 여러 요소들이 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 사람의 IGF-I 유전자 exon 1의 upstream에 존재하는 P1에 hepatocyte nuclear factor l$\alpha$와 CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) isoform 들이 결합하여 조직 및 발달단계 특이한 발현에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 제안되었지만, exon 1의 downstream sequence가 IGF-I 유전자의 조직 특이적 발현을 조절하는 지에 대하여는 연구되어 있지 않다. 연령이 다른 쥐의 간 및 뇌 조직에서 total RNA를 분리하고 solution hybridization/RNase protection 방법으로 분석하여 IGF-I 유전자의 발현이 태어난 후 간 조직에서는 점차적으로 증가하였지만 뇌조직에서는 감소하여 발달단계에 따라 조직 특이하게 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. IGF-I exon 1의 주요한 전사 개시점으로부터 아래쪽에 존재하는 C/EBP 결합부위를 포함하고 있는 cis-acting element에 해당하는 oligonucleotide들과 간 및 뇌조직에서 분리한 핵단백질들을 이용하여 DNA-결합 활성을 가진 분자량이 다른 C/EBP$\alpha$나 C/EBP$\beta$ 단백질들을 확인하였으며 southwestern 및 western immnoblotting 분석을 하여 간 조직의 핵 추출물에서는 42$^{C}$EBP$\alpha$/, 와 p38$^{C}$EBP$\alpha$/, p35$^{C}$EBP$\alpha$/, p38$^{C}$EBP$\beta$/, 그리고 p35$^{C}$EBP$\beta$/가 IGF-I exon 1 oligonucleotide와 복합체를 형성하고 뇌 조직에서는 p42$^{C}$EBP$\alpha$과 p38$^{C}$EBP$\beta$가 복합체 형성에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 FRE-C/EBP isoform 복합체 형성이 IGF-I 유전자 발현의 조직 특이적 조절에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 제안한다.할을 할 것으로 제안한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2020

Objectives This study is carried out to investigate the effects of Lonicera japonica in wound-induced rats. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups; normal (Nor), control (Veh), positive comparison (PC), Lonicera japonica 100 mg/kg (LL), Lonicera japonica 200 mg/kg (LH), each n=8. Total polyphenol and flavonoid were quantified. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activation were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in serum. Antioxidant factors and inflammatory factors were measured in skin tissue, and also hydroxyproline content. Skin tissue was analyzed by Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results Total polyphenol and flavonoid were 32.86±0.14 mg/g and 67.17±0.57 mg/g. The IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activation were 26.69±1.50 ㎍/mL and 49.33±4.52 ㎍/mL. ROS was significantly lower in LL and LH groups. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly higher in LH group and higher in LL group but not significant. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), catalase, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were significantly higher in LL and LH groups. Nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), phosphorylated iκBα (p-iκBα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly lower in LL and LH groups. Hydroxyproline was significantly higher in LL and LH groups. The histopathologic analysis showed that skin tissue had recovered further more in LL and LH groups than in Veh group. Conclusions These results suggest that Lonicera japonica has the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing effects in wound-induced rats.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2006

Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$는 염증성 골질환에서의 골조직의 손실과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구에서는 인체 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화과정에 대한 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 영향을 조사하였다. $TNF-{\alpha}$는 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화를 나타내는 표시인 세포외 무기질 축적과 alkaline phosphatase의 발현의 증가를 일으켰으며 2ng/ml의 농도에서 최대의 증가를 나타내었다. $TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 골세포로의 분화는 $NF_kB$의 저해제에 의해서는 영향받지 않았으나 JNK 특이 저해제인 SP600125에 의해 완벽하게 억제되었다. 이는 $TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화과정에 JNK가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 제시한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 1994

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DA-3030 (recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, rhG-CSF, recently manufactured by Dong-A research laboratory of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company) were compared with reported data in the literature. After intravenous(i.v.) administration of DA-3030, at dose of 5, 10 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg to rats, some pharmacokinetic parameters, such as terminal half-lives(1.05, 1.19 and 1.83 hr, respectively) and clearance (84.0, 54.8 and 45.5 mι/hr/kg, repectively), were dose-dependent. This could be due to the saturable metabolism of DA-3030 in rats. Similar results were also reported. After subcutaneous(s.c.) and intramuscular(i.m.) administrations of DA-3030, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg to rats, the extent of bioavailability(absolute bioavailability) were incomplete; the values were 23.3 and 18.2% after s.c. and i.m. injections, respectively, due to the degradation of DA-3030 by protease. After 7-consecutive day i.v. administrations of DA-3030, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day, to rats, the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of DA-3030 were not significantly different from those in single administration. In mice and dogs at DA-3030 dose of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, the plasma concentrations of DA-3030 were also declined rapidly with terminal half-lives of 1.31 and 1.15 hr, respectively. DA-3030 was highly concentrated in the kidney after i.v. administration of DA-3030, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, to rats, and the results were similar to those obtained using radiolabelled rhG-CSF in the literature. Above data indicate that DA-3030 has similar properties to rhG-CSF manufactured by other companies in view of pharmacokinetics.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), originally discovered and cloned as a powerful mitogen for hepatocytes, is a four kringle-containing growth factor which specifically binds to membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase, c-Met/HGF receptor. HGF has mitogenic, motogenic (enhancement of cell movement), morphogenic (e.g., induction of branching tubulogenesis), and anti-apoptotic activities for a wide variety of cells. During embryogenesis, HGF supports organogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues, including liver, kidney, lung, gut, mammary gland, and tooth. In adult tissues HGF elicits an organotrophic function which supports regeneration of organs such as liver, kidney, lung, and vascular tissues. HGF is also a novel member of neurotrophic factor in nervous systems. Together with the preferential expression of HGF in mesenchymal or stromal cells, and c-Met/HGF receptor In epithelial or endothelial cells, the HGF-Met coupling seems to orchestrate dynamic morphogenic processes through epithelial-mesenchymal (or-stromal) interactions for organogenesis and organ regeneration. HGF or HGF gene may well become unique therapeutic tools for treatment of patients with various organ failure, through its actions to reconstruct organized tissue architectures. This review focuses on recently characterized biological and physiological functions integrated by HGF-Met coupling during organogenesis and organ regeneration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1532-1536
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• 2015

To verified the target genes of miR-34c, bioinformatics software was used to predict the targets of miR-34c. Three possible target genes of miR-34c related to spermatogenesis and male reproductive development: zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148), kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) were predicted. Then, the expression of miR-34c and its target genes were detected in swine testicular tissue at different developmental stages by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results suggested that the expression of PDGFRA has the highest negative correlation with miR-34c. Then immunohistochemical staining was done to observe the morphology of swine testicular tissue at 2-days and 3, 4, 5-months of age, which indicated that PDGFRA was mainly expressed in the support cells near the basement membrane during the early development stages of testicular tissue, but that the expression of PDGFRA was gradually reduced in later stages. Therefore, western blot analyzed that the highest expression of PDGFRA was generated in 2-days old testicular tissues and the expression levels reduced at 3 and 4-months old, which correlated with the results of immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, PDGFRA is a target gene of miR-34c.