Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.5.420

Effect of exercise and diet intervention on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rat skeletal muscle and adipose tissue  

Kim, Gi Chool (Department of Leisure & Sport Studies, College of Physical Education, Kyouggi University)
Park, Kyung Sil (Department of Leisure & Sport Studies, College of Physical Education, Kyouggi University)
Kim, Hyun Kook (Department of Physical Education, College of Humanities, Daegu University)
Kim, Ki Hoon (Department of Leisure Sports, College of Ecology & Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.45, no.5, 2012 , pp. 420-428 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks high fat intake and regular exercise in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress in rats. This experiment involved 32 subjects (sprague-dawley rats) divided into four groups as follows: chow group (Chow, n = 8), chow and exercise group (Chow + EX, n = 8), high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia group (HF, n = 8), and HF and exercise group (HF + EX, n = 8). As a result, there were significant decrease in body weight and abdominal fat, and blood lipid level was significantly improved by exercise for eight weeks (p < .05). There were variables changed about the skeletal muscle and ER stress in GRP78, XBP-1, ATF4, CHOP and JNK mRNA. There increased in mRNA factor by exercise, especially GRP78, and ATF4 mRNA were significantly increased in exercise (p < .05). However, there were increased in adipose tissue by exercise and there were significantly decreased in mRNA factor by high fat diet (p < .05). Consequently, this study suggests that the consistent exercise was more improved of obesity factor, such as dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, as well as body weight or abdominal fat. The response of ER stress in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were more sensitive in exercise than high fat diet feed.
Keywords
exercise; endoplasmic reticulum stress; high fat diet; skeletal muscle;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kirwan JP, Solomon TP, Wojta DM, Staten MA, Holloszy JO. Effects of 7 days of exercise training on insulin sensitivity and responsiveness in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297(1): E151-E156   DOI
2 Gonzalez B, Manso R. Induction, modification and accumulation of HSP70s in the rat liver after acute exercise: early and late responses. J Physiol 2004; 556(Pt 2): 369-385
3 Gonzalez B, Hernando R, Manso R. Stress proteins of 70 kDa in chronically exercised skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch 2000; 440 (1): 42-49   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Um HS, Kang EB, Leem YH, Cho IH, Yang CH, Chae KR, Hwang DY, Cho JY. Exercise training acts as a therapeutic strategy for reduction of the pathogenic phenotypes for Alzheimer's disease in an NSE/APPsw-transgenic model. Int J Mol Med 2008; 22(4): 529-539
5 Saito A, Ochiai K, Kondo S, Tsumagari K, Murakami T, Cavener DR, Imaizumi K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by the PERK-eIF2 (alpha)-ATF4 pathway is involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by BMP2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286 (6): 4809-4818   DOI
6 Rzymski T, Milani M, Singleton DC, Harris AL. Role of ATF4 in regulation of autophagy and resistance to drugs and hypoxia. Cell Cycle 2009; 8(23): 3838-3847   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Ye J, Koumenis C. ATF4, an ER stress and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor and its potential role in hypoxia tolerance and tumorigenesis. Curr Mol Med 2009; 9(4): 411-416   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Siu F, Bain PJ, LeBlanc-Chaffin R, Chen H, Kilberg MS. ATF4 is a mediator of the nutrient-sensing response pathway that activates the human asparagine synthetase gene. J Biol Chem 2002; 277(27): 24120-24127   DOI
9 Jiang HY, Wek RC. Phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2alpha) reduces protein synthesis and enhances apoptosis in response to proteasome inhibition. J Biol Chem 2005; 280(14): 14189-14202   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Hendershot L, Wei J, Gaut J, Melnick J, Aviel S, Argon Y. Inhibition of immunoglobulin folding and secretion by dominant negative BiP ATPase mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93 (11): 5269-5274   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Calfon M, Zeng H, Urano F, Till JH, Hubbard SR, Harding HP, Clark SG, Ron D. IRE1 couples endoplasmic reticulum load to secretory capacity by processing the XBP-1 mRNA. Nature 2002; 415(6867): 92-96   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Verkhratsky A, Toescu EC. Endoplasmic reticulum Ca (2+) homeostasis and neuronal death. J Cell Mol Med 2003; 7(4): 351-361   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Oyadomari S, Koizumi A, Takeda K, Gotoh T, Akira S, Araki E, Mori M. Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated diabetes. J Clin Invest 2002; 109 (4): 525-532
14 Mori K. Tripartite management of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 2000; 101(5): 451-454   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Hotamisligil GS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease. Cell 2010; 140(6): 900-917   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Gregor MF, Yang L, Fabbrini E, Mohammed BS, Eagon JC, Hotamisligil GS, Klein S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is reduced in tissues of obese subjects after weight loss. Diabetes 2009; 58(3): 693-700
17 Hardie DG. The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway--new players upstream and downstream. J Cell Sci 2004; 117(Pt 23): 5479-5487
18 Holloway GP. Mitochondrial function and dysfunction in exercise and insulin resistance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34(3): 440-446   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Irving BA, Davis CK, Brock DW, Weltman JY, Swift D, Barrett EJ, Gaesser GA, Weltman A. Effect of exercise training intensity on abdominal visceral fat and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40(11): 1863-1872   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Michishita R, Shono N, Kasahara T, Tsuruta T. Effects of low intensity exercise therapy on early phase insulin secretion in overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 82(3): 291-297   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Yoshida H, Oku M, Suzuki M, Mori K. pXBP1 (U) encoded in XBP1 pre-mRNA negatively regulates unfolded protein respSci
22 Wu J, Ruas JL, Estall JL, Rasbach KA, Choi JH, Ye L, Bostrom P, Tyra HM, Crawford RW, Campbell KP, Rutkowski DT, Kaufman RJ, Spiegelman BM. The unfolded protein response mediates adaptation to exercise in skeletal muscle through a PGC-$1{\alpha}$ /ATF$6{\alpha}$ complex. Cell Metab 2011; 13(2): 160-169   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Deldicque L, Cani PD, Philp A, Raymackers JM, Meakin PJ, Ashford ML, Delzenne NM, Francaux M, Baar K. The unfolded protein response is activated in skeletal muscle by high-fat feeding: potential role in the downregulation of protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299(5): E695-E705   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Deldicque L, Van Proeyen K, Francaux M, Hespel P. The unfolded protein response in human skeletal muscle is not involved in the onset of glucose tolerance impairment induced by a fat-rich diet. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111(7): 1553-1558   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Wang H, Kouri G, Wollheim CB. ER stress and SREBP-1 activation are implicated in beta-cell glucolipotoxicity. J Cell Sci 2005; 118(Pt 17): 3905-3915
26 Urano F, Wang X, Bertolotti A, Zhang Y, Chung P, Harding HP, Ron D. Coupling of stress in the ER to activation of JNK protein kinases by transmembrane protein kinase IRE1. Science 2000; 287(5453): 664-666
27 Sun W, Bi Y, Liang H, Cai M, Chen X, Zhu Y, Li M, Xu F, Yu Q, He X, Ye J, Weng J. Inhibition of obesity-induced hepatic ER stress by early insulin therapy in obese diabetic rats. Endocrine 2011; 39(3): 235-241
28 Murlasits Z, Lee Y, Powers SK. Short-term exercise does not increase ER stress protein expression in cardiac muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(9): 1522-1528   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lee H, Chang H, Park JY, Kim SY, Choi KM, Song W. Exercise training improves basal blood glucose metabolism with no changes of cytosolic inhibitor B kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in skeletal muscle of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 96(7): 689-698
30 Nakamura A, Yoshida K, Ueda H, Takeda S, Ikeda S. Up-regulation of mitogen activated protein kinases in mdx skeletal muscle following chronic treadmill exercise. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1740(3): 326-331   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Kim Y, Park M, Boghossian S, York DA. Three weeks voluntary running wheel exercise increases endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain of mice. Brain Res 2010; 1317: 13-23
32 Chapados NA, Lavoie JM. Exercise training increases hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress protein expression in MTP-inhibited high-fat fed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28(3): 202-210   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Powers SK, Criswell D, Lawler J, Martin D, Lieu FK, Ji LL, Herb RA. Rigorous exercise training increases superoxide dismutase activity in ventricular myocardium. Am J Physiol 1993; 265(6 Pt2): H2094-H2098
34 Jackuliakova D, Vaverkova H, Karasek D. Relationship between familial combined hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Vnitr Lek 2008; 54(11): 1045-1053
35 Zanuso S, Jimenez A, Pugliese G, Corigliano G, Balducci S. Exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47(1): 15-22   DOI   ScienceOn