• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

부영양화된 한강기수역에서의 용존산소 및 $NH_4{^+}$ 제거에 있어 조석의 영향 및 질산화의 중요성을 이해하고자 1995년 7월에 강화도 남단에서 만조, 중조 및 소조 시에 해수시료를 채취하였다. 수온과 DO를 제외한 하계 한강기수역의 생물, 화학적 환경을 결정짓는 요인들이 담수의 유입과 수역 내의 심한 조석 변화에 의해 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 조석상태에 따른 용존산소 및 $NH_4{^+}$ 의 제거율은 만조 시 각각 2.76 ${\mu}M\;O_2\;d^{-1}$ 및 1.76 ${\mu}M\;N\;d^{-1}$이며, 간조 시 각각 5.66 ${\mu}M\;O_2\;d^{-1}$ 및 3.36 ${\mu}M\;N\;d^{-1}$로 최대로 나타나 간조 시 담수와 함께 유입되는 다량의 각종 유기물 및 무기영양염에 대한 미생물의 분해 및 흡수가 활발히 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다. $NH_4{^+}$-질산화는 간조 시 총 DO 소모량의 약 24%를 차지하며 $NH_4{^+}$-질산화에 의한 $NH_4{^+}$의 회전율도 0.18 $d^{-1}$로 만조 때에 비해 각각 3.7배 및 3배 높게 나타나, 담수성 $NH_4{^+}$-질산화 박테리아가 간조 시 한강기수역으로 유입되면서 DO 및 $NH_4{^+}$의 소모에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 만조 시 $NH_4{^+}$ 감소율 및 $NH_4{^+}$-질산화가 낮은 것은 염분증가에 따른 담수성 $NH_4{^+}$-질산화 박테리아의 활성이 위축되어 나타난 결과로 보이며, 이상의 결과들은 한강기수역에서 $NH_4{^+}$의 효율적인 생물학적 제거를 위해서는 $NH_4{^+}$를 포함하는 각종 오 폐수가 기수역으로 유입되기 이전에 처리됨이 바람직함을 의미한다. 향후 한강기수역과 같은 대규모 담수의 유입이 일어나는 부영양화된 기수역에서 질소계 원소의 순환을 보다 잘 이해하기 위해서는 $NH_4{^+}$ 및 $N0_2{^-}$를 유일한 화학에너지원으로 이용하는 자가영양 질산화 박테리아에 대한 생태적 연구가 병행되어야 한다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2010

이 연구는 바람아래해수욕장 주변의 퇴적물 입도조성을 시·공간적으로 분석하여 퇴적환경 변화특성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 2009년 겨울철 표층퇴적물은 크게 자갈, 모래, 역질사, 역니질사, 니질사, 실트질사, 모래질실트 등의 7개 퇴적상으로 구분되었다. 평균입도를 시계열 분석(2002~2009)한 결과, 간석지 퇴적물은 평균 입도가 세립해지고, 분급은 불량해졌다. 그러나 해빈지역은 동일시기에 퇴적물의 입도가 조립화 되었고 분급이 양호해졌다. 이러한 결과는 해빈과 간석지의 퇴적환경 변화가 서로 다른 경향성을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 즉, 할미섬을 중심으로 남서쪽 해빈지역은 외해로 열려 있어 상대적으로 고에너지 환경으로 세립질 퇴적물이 제거되는 환경에서 퇴적된 결과이다. 간석지 중 가장 안쪽의 만입지의 세립화는 왕복성 조류에 의해서 유입된 퇴적물이 정조시에 퇴적되었거나 지형적인 영향에 의한 에너지 감소로 퇴적된 것으로 판단된다. 남서쪽 외해 쪽의 간석지들의 세립화 원인은 규모가 큰 섬옷섬이 외해로부터 유입되는 파랑을 막아주어 상대적으로 저에너지 환경 하에 놓이면서 조석의 영향을 받으면서 세립질 퇴적물질들이 지속적으로 퇴적된 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

This paper is intended as an investigation of the deposition characteristics and mass transport flux estimation in the Nakdong estuary. In order to understand the effects of the tidal current circulation which influenced to an estuary terrain change, the seawater circulation calculation by the use of 2D numerical model for the three cases of without riverflow, mean and flood riverflow quantity condition practiced and each sectional net-flux of water quantity between sandbars(so called, dung) estimated. It may be that an estuary terrain change due to the large scale construction and reclamation at the Nakdong estuary influence to the long-time deposition characteristics. by the revim for the old research, we know that the development of the local sandbars has been moved toward the east-side from the west-side estuary area after the construction of the Nakdong river dike, at present the strong-acted location is the Bakhap-dung of the front sea of Tadea. The seawater circulation pattern at this large scale area of tidal flat bring on a change due to the water quantity outflowing from the Nakdong river. Base on the calculated results for the section net-flux of water quantity, we see that the accumulating action very strong at the local sea around Jangjado, Bakhapdung and Tadae for the case of flood riverflow quantity condition, but at the local sea around Jinudo for the another cases. Consequently, it is emphasized that in the Nakdong estuary the main sensitive regions which influenced from the discharge of riverflow were the local sea around Jangjado, Bakhapdung, Tadae and Jinudo.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.584-596
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• 2005

한반도 서해 천수만에서 해안선 변화 및 조간대 해빈 특성을 조사하기 위하여 1년 동안 지형, 표층퇴적물, 퇴적율과 해안절벽의 침식율 등을 조사하였다. 천수만의 해안선은 심하게 풍화된 퇴적암과 풍화토층으로 구성되어 있고 관측결과 -58.9\~-73.3 cm/yr$ 후퇴하였다. 해안침식을 지시하는 톱날 모양의 해안선, 고조선 해빈의 전석, 침식되지 못하고 남아있는 잔류암맥, 그리고 바위섬 모양의 "Island Stack" 등의 여러 가지 특징들이 발견되었다. 한편, 해빈 퇴적물의 조성 성숙도는 돌출부에서 만입된 중앙으로 갈수록 성숙된 경향을 보인다. 이는 해빈을 구성하는 사질퇴적물의 기원이 남측과 북측의 돌출부에 있음을 의미하며, 침식된 퇴적물은 파랑에 의해 야기된 연안류에 의해 만입된 중앙으로 이동되는 것으로 해석된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2003

It is widely known that compare to many other countries, the U.S.A. has a strong framework for efficient implementation of mitigation policy to protect wetlands. As indicated in many strong mitigation initiatives, mitigation policy primary requires avoidance rule for wetland damage and if a developer inevitability damages wetlands, the development should be minimize, and as a last resort, the policy impose legal duty that a developer should compensate wetland corresponding to the damaged wetlands. However, the legal system fur Korea's mitigation system does not provide any legal duty for the compensatory mitigation, although the possibility of creation of tidal flat is casually expressed in several Korean legal systems. Therefore, without any strong and enforceable legal system, Korean mitigation system cannot efficiently protect Korea's vast and productive wetlands. To introduce mitigation policy similar to the U.S.A. in Korea, we suggest that there (a) should be a strongly policy which regulate legal duty for the compensatory mitigation, (b) should be an improve management system for actively corresponding to special knowledge relating to environment, and lastly, (c) should be a system which consider a class action introduced in environmental regime for a long term protection of tidal wetlands for future generation.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-97
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• 2016

This is the second of two papers on the 3D numerical modeling of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics. In Part I, the focus was on surf and swash zone hydrodynamics in the cross-shore and longshore directions. Here, we consider nearshore processes with an emphasis on the effects of oceanic forcing and beach characteristics on sediment transport in the cross- and longshore directions, as well as on foreshore bathymetry changes. The Delft3D and XBeach models were used with four turbulence closures (viz., ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES) to solve the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow as well as the beach morphology. The sediment transport module simulates both bed load and suspended load transport of non-cohesive sediments. Twenty sets of numerical experiments combining nine control parameters under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were simulated. For each case, the general morphological response in shore-normal and shore-parallel directions was presented. Numerical results showed that the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ and H-LES closure models yield similar results that are in better agreement with existing morphodynamic observations than the results of the other turbulence models. The simulations showed that wave forcing drives a sediment circulation pattern that results in bar and berm formation. However, together with wave forcing, tides modulate the predicted nearshore sediment dynamics. The combination of tides and wave action has a notable effect on longshore suspended sediment transport fluxes, relative to wave action alone. The model's ability to predict sediment transport under propagation of obliquely incident wave conditions underscores its potential for understanding the evolution of beach morphology at field scale. For example, the results of the model confirmed that the wave characteristics have a considerable effect on the cumulative erosion/deposition, cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport and transport rate across and along the beach face. In addition, for the same type of oceanic forcing, the beach morphology exhibits different erosive characteristics depending on grain size (e.g., foreshore profile evolution is erosive or accretive on fine or coarse sand beaches, respectively). Decreasing wave height increases the proportion of onshore to offshore fluxes, almost reaching a neutral net balance. The sediment movement increases with wave height, which is the dominant factor controlling the beach face shape.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2018

우리나라뿐만 아니라 전 지구적으로 호우발생 빈도의 증가, 태풍이나 허리케인 세기의 강화 등에 따라 대규모 자연재해의 발생횟수와 피해액은 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 태풍, 홍수, 호우, 강풍, 풍랑, 해일, 조수, 대설, 가뭄, 지진, 황사 등과 같은 자연재해는 발생지점과 규모를 예측하기 어려우며, 전조현상이 명확하게 나타나지 않아 대응에 많은 어려움이 존재한다. 그러나 자연재해의 피해규모를 예측할 수 있다면, 조기대응을 통해 피해를 저감할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국민안전처에서 발간하는 재해연보('91년~'15년)를 기반으로 서해연안지역의 풍랑피해함수를 개발하였다. 풍랑피해함수는 지역별, 시설별로 구분하여 개발하였으며, NRMSE는 1.94%~26.07%로 분석되었다. 개발된 식을 통해 피해규모를 예측하고, 그에 대한 적절한 대응이 이루어진다면, 피해를 저감할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2004

Since cultural eutrophication has the detrimental effects on estuarine and coastal ecosystems, recognition of early stage of nutrient over-enrichment is critical for effective managements of the ecosystems. Since released nutrients into coastal ecosystems are diluted and dissipated through tidal action and rapid uptakes by marine plants, monitoring of in situ nutrient concentrations may not be useful for detecting early eutrophication on coastal and estuarine ecosystems. To develop an effective indicator of cultural eutrophication using marine plants, tissue N content and area normalized leaf mass of eelgrass, Zostera marina were examined in Kosung Bay and Koje Bay on the south coast of Korea from June 2001 to April 2003. Eelgrass tissue N content exhibited obvious seasonal variations. Leaf N content was highest during winter and early spring and lowest during summer. Eelgrass tissue N content was higher at Kosung Bay site, which has higher sediment organic content, than at Koje Bay site. Area normalized leaf mass showed reverse trend of leaf N content, and consequently, eelgrass leaf N content and leaf mass exhibited strong negative correlation at both study sites. The results of the present study suggested that the ratio of eelgrass leaf N content to area normalized leaf mass can be applied to assess environmental nitrogen conditions on the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study was performed for the purpose of analyzing the effect of tide on the stress-strain behavior in the boundary surface of sea dike embankment. Tide is a dynamic condition, but there are not suitable numerical models to solve the dynamic embankment condition caused by tide. So the analysis was simplified to quasi dynamic as follow. First, seepage by tide was analyzed according to elapsed time, and the results of the analysis at every hour during one periodic cycle time of 12 hours were applied to the pore water pressure conditions of stress-strain analysis with hyperbolic model by Duncan and Chang. The place at which maximum shear strain took place in the analysis result moved up and down repeatedly along the boundary of the dredged sand fill section and the crashed stone filter section. The value of maximum shear strain was large at high water level of tide. This result means that contraction and relaxation occur in turn repeatedly at every specific position along the boundary, and the repeated action compact loose position with sand moved down from the upper position by gravity. The experiment with the small sea dike model showed the result consistent with the numerical analysis. The surface of sea side on the dike collapsed at high water level after a couple of repetition of the rising and falling of water.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(2)
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• pp.1303-1304
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• 2005

The sea water and the soil of surface zone in lagoon have many physical relations between each other by both physical phenomena such as tidal motion and wave action, and activity of a creature which lives in soil zone. The soil zone has an activity of filtering the sea water at lowering tide and also the organic materials in sea water are supplied into the soil. And small creatures such as small crab eat organic materials. Usually the surface zone of lagoon becomes under the sea water in two times of a day and also is coming in two times under the sunshine and it becomes dries up conditions. Authors made the field observation at Sanbannse lagoon in Tokyo bay in several times between 2002 to 2004. The observation has been done in a half period of tide in October and November 2002 and also full tide observation is made in July 2, 2003 in summer and November 26, 2003 in autumn. In 2004, three times observations of full tide has been made in three times as June 22, July 20 and December 14. This report is the summary of results on these observations focusing on the soil surface zone and sea water at under ground and wave breaking zone.